以当地常规施肥为对照,采用田间小区试验方法,研究了施用土著菌扩繁剂(纳米酵豆,下同)与一次性施肥对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状、化学成分、感官评吸质量和植烟土壤的影响.结果表明,在本试验条件下,采用一次性施肥+纳米酵豆的施肥技术,可显著提高烟叶均价与产值,并在一定程度上改善感官评吸质量,提高烟叶的工业可用性,促进土壤有益微生物的增殖、平衡土壤养分,提高土壤保育能力,同时还能减工节本.初步认为,在大理州红大烟区生态气候条件下,采用土著菌扩繁剂与烟草专用肥配合施用的增效提质减量化施肥技术和一次性施肥方式,更符合优质特色烤烟生产要求,具有较大的生产实用价值和广阔应用前景.

Field experiment was conducted to explore the feasibility of reducing chemical fertilizer rate with bio-organic fertilizer applied on tobacco production and its proper reducing proportion in Dali. The experiment included 5 treatments (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% chemical fertilizer rate reduced with equal quantities of bio-organic fertilizer). Yield, economic value, chemical component and sensory evaluation quality were measured. The results showed that the treatment of reducing 30%chemical fertilizer rate would not hinder the growth of flue-cured tobacco, and was beneficial to economic character, chemical composition, and sensory evaluation quality of tobacco leaves. The other treatments caused adverse effects in different extent on tobacco production. Therefore, it was feasible to reduce chemical fertilizer rate with bio-organic fertilizer applied on tobacco production in Dali, and the proper reducing proportion of chemical fertilizer rate is 30%.

The paper analyzed the characteristics of ecology and soil in the South Anhui tobacco area and compared with ecological characteristics of Zimbabwe tobacco growing areas. The results show Southern Anhui tobacco area ecological climate have north and South characteristics;the average temperature in leaf stage of growth and develop-ment is higher,which is beneficial to the normal growth and development of tobacco seedlings. Moderate rainfall and balanced distribution is conducive to the formation of water and fertilizer coupling and high quality tobacco;in view of distinctive tobacco development some suggestions are proposed.

The scent styles of tobacco grown in 4 different ecological areas were studied by tobacco leaf aroma index proposed by Li Zhanghai et al, supplemented by sensory verification method. The results showed that, within the range of sampling of this study, tobacco grown in Yunnan Dali belongs to the typical fresh aroma type, in Fujian Nanping belongs to Fujian type of fresh aroma, in Shandong Weifang belongs to the neutral aroma type, and in Henan Pingdingshan Luzhou belongs to the typical rich aroma type. The aroma indexes in different ecological areas were mainly affected by the variation of the contents of Solanone, damascenone, isovaleric acid and dihydrokiwifruitlactone. Different ecological conditions are decisive factors, annual changes of meteorological conditions are important influencing factors of tobacco leaf aroma styles, with tobacco varieties also having certain effects on aroma styles.

A Flue-cured tobacco new varieties of hybrid male sterility Zhongyan 205 (previously CF9087) was bred by Qingzhou Tobacco Research Institute and others, whose parent was MS CF90 as the female and CF87 as male. Zhongyan 205 had been validated by Shandong Tobacco Variety Validation Committee of the National Tobacco Variety Approval Committee in October 2012. The variety inherited the excellent characteristics of both parents. It had good performance with regard to leaf yield, quality, economic value, and disease resistance. Overall, it was better than NC89 Zhongyan100 in Shandong, Henan and other tobacco-growing areas. Appearance quality and inherent quality is in line with the current requirment of the cigarette industry. It has strong resistance to TMV, brown spot disease, CMV and PVY. Not only is it suitable for planting in Weifang, but also for Shandong and other similar tobacco growth region. It has stable performance and high agricultural economy.

A new flue-cured tobacco variety Luyan 2 (previously CF90NF), bred from flue-cured tobacco variety Zhongyan 98, passed the evaluation by Shandong tobacco variety evaluation committee of the national tobacco variety approval committee in October 2012. Luyan 2 maintained excellent features of Zhongyan 98, such as high quality and yield, easy to cured, and overcomes some shortcoming of Zhongyan 98. Compared to NC 89, the variety has better comprehensive characteristics, especially in minor color difference of tobacco leaf back and face, and better exterior and interior quality. It has stable economic benefit and high industrial availability, and is suitable for Weifang and other similar ecology regions.

A new flue-cured tobacco varietiy Zhongyan 104 (systematically selected from Hongda at Nanjian), used Honghuadajinyuan as control, was analyzed and evaluated with regard to its economic attributes, leaf appearance quality, internal quality, and disease resistance. The results showed that, in the ecological conditions of Dali, leaf quality of Zhongyan104 was good, which could demonstrate characteristic high-quality tobacco in Dali "clear, sweet, fragrant, lubrication", With the development of Dali characteristic high-quality tobacco leaf production of Chinese style cigarette demand, industrial availability with higher;Important economic attributes in the annual performance relative stability, wide adaptability in the area. High yield, and resistance to tobacco black shank, angular leaf spot and blight and climate scab, fertilizer, easy to cure, The overall characters was better than those of Honghuadajinyuan, This variety can be used as a reserve for potential production in Dali, which has important industrial and agricultural values.

Wufeng 2 is a new Maryland tobacco variety, hybrid with MSmd609 as maternal and Md872 as paternal. The plants have cylinder type, elliptic blade, short growing period and strong growth. Moreover, this variety has a broader adaptation with a drought tolerance. The cured leaves have a loose structure, moderate identity, reddish brown color, shiny bright and good appearance quality. Wufeng 2 demonstrated better appearance quality than that of Md609, and had favorable chemical components in harmonious proportion, with high total sugar and reducing sugar, appropriate total nitrogen and nicotine, high potassium, low chloride. This tobacco has a large amount of aromas with a good quality and aromas types, coupled with strong flammability. The characteristics of this tobacco described above lead to a high industrial value. The economic value of Wufeng 2 is superior to that of Md609.

Zhongyan 201 (CF964), a new male-sterile hybrid variety, was developed from MSK326 as female and Zhongyan98 as male parent. Identification of botanical character, agronomical character, disease resistance, appearance quality, internal quality and regional adaptability demonstration tests showed that Zhongyan 201 converged the advantages of those of both parents. Its growth potential and resistance had heterosis, leaf yield, quality, resistance of the variety were coordinated, and economical benefit was similar to K326. Zhongyan 201 can be planted in most of flue-cured tobacco regions in China.

In order to clear appropriate tobacco planting design in Dali areas,ecological suitability was analyzed based on fuzzy evaluation of the screened key ecology factors.The results showed that ecological suitability contribution of different ecological factors were temperature of harvest phase(17.5%)>soil organic contents(16.2%)> temperature of tobacco growth phase(14.5%)> rainfall of harvest phase(12.3%)> rainfall of tobacco growth phase(11.7%)>soil texture(11.0%)> pH(10.6%)> available chlorine of soil(6.2%)> available soil thickness(0%).12 planting tobacco counties were divided into 3 ranks.The first was Weishan,Nanjian,Midu,Binchuan,Yunlong,Yangbi,Yongping,the second was Eryuan,Xiangyun,and the third was Dali,Jianchuan and Heqing.

In order to provide references for improving tobacco grading level scientifically,the chemical composition and polyphenol content in different grades of Honghuadajinyuan had been measured in this experiment.The differences and correlation of polyphenol and main chemical components had also been analyzed.The results showed that,with the increase of flue-cured tobacco leaves positions,polyphenol and nicotine content increased;the total sugar and reducing sugar content was the highest in middle leaves and the lowest in lower leaves.The polyphenol,total sugar and reducing sugar content in the upper and lower leaves was reduced with the leaves deepened;but in the same position and color leaves,the polyphenol,total sugar and reducing sugar content was increased with the grades heighten;the aromatic values in middle leaves was the highest in all of the leaves;the highly significant positive correlation were observed between the sugar and polyphenol;highly significant or significant negative correlations were detected between nitrogen and polyphenol.

Burley tobacco is the cholorophyll deficient mutant of Maryland tobacco.In this study,we analyzed the activities of chlorophyllase betweenNicotiana tobacum.L varieties of Burley21 and Md609,and the expression of chlorophyllase gene were further detected using real-time quantitative PCR.The results indicated that the activities of chlorophyllase in Burley21 and Md609 were 31.31 nmol/(g·h)and 15.36 nmol/(g·h),respectively.The relative gene expression of Burley21 was 3.01 as compared to Md609.This indicated that the yellowing leaf phenotype of the Burley tobacco might due to the increased chlorophyllase activity as well as its gene expression.

6 major polyphenol in 5 main flue-cured tobacco cultivars for Hongta group in Dali was carried out using HPLC.The relationships between aroma type and polyphenol content were analyzed using the points of aroma type.The results showed that,chlorogenic acid and rutin were the major polyphenol,which were accounted for 92%.Polyphenol in different position and different varieties were different obviously.Different kinds of fen-flavor significant with tobacco the polyphenol content was a positive correlation significantly.The correlation between the points of aroma type and polyphenol content was positive significantly.

In order to find out the quality characteristics of flue-cured tobacco leaves for different types of aroma in Fujian,the appearance,physics and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco leaves for different types of aroma from Fujian were compared.And their correlations with aroma types were analyzed by simple correlation and stepwise regression methods.The results showed that,along with the transition of aroma type of tobacco leaves from fen-flavor to medium aroma then to thick aroma,the thickness,the ratio of length to width,the weight of unit area,nicotine,total nitrogen and total chlorine of tobacco leaves had the trend of increase,however the width,total sugar,the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine,the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine,the ratio of potassium to chlorine and organic potassium of tobacco leaves had the trend of decrease.

The morphology and density of leaf glandular trichome of six cultivars of Nicotiana tabacum L.at different growth stages and different leaf positions were compared.The results indicated that the glandular trichome observed belonged to 3 types including long stalk,short stalk and headless glandular trichomes,the long stalk glandular trichome was in the majority throughout all growth stages.Starting from budding stage,the head of some long stalk glandular trichomes faded and dropped and turned into headless glandular trichomes.Starting from transplanting stage,in some of the tested cultivars,the density of glandular trichome increased gradually,reached the highest level at budding stage,and then decreased obviously at mature stage.The density of glandular trichome on top surface of tobacco leaf was higher than that on the bottom surface,however there was no obvious density difference between leaf tip,leaf blade,and leaf base.

Variance analysis was used to study the difference of 64 chemical indices of the flue-cured tobacco samples from China and other countries.The results showed that nicotine,total sugar,reducing sugar,total nitrogen,the difference between the total sugar and reducing sugar,the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine,the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine,K/(S+Cl),palmitic acid,linoleic acid plus oleic acid,total amount of higher fatty acids,damascenone,geranyl acetone and neutral volatile aroma components were significantly different or greatly significantly different among different flavor types or quality grades of flue-cured tobacco.The contents of benzaldehyde,hyacinthin,4-o-caffeoylquinic acid remarkedly affected the tobacco flavor type,and had no significant influence on quality grade;On the contrary,the contents of chlorine,sulphur,organic potassium,oxalic acid,malonic acid,phenethyl alcohol,solanone,the ratio of malic acid to citric acid,the ratio of calcium to malic acid and the ratio of total equivalent weight of nonvolatile organic acids to nicotine all remarkably effected the tobacco sensory quality grade,but had no significant influence on tobacco flavor type.

Routine chemical components,metal ions,organic acids,polyphenols,and neutral aroma constituents in both domestic and imported flue-cured tobacco leaves were analyzed with aroma types by simple correlation in order to provide experimental basis for reasonable evaluation and better use of tobacco leaves from different growing areas.Results showed that in total 53 chemical indexes,22 were highly significantly or significantly correlated with aroma types.Cluster analysis was then conducted with these 22 chemical indexes.Results showed that when T=12.4,tobacco leaves from 18 regions were divided into 2 groups:one was those from abroad and Shaanxi Ankang of China,the other was from regions except Ankang.When T=5.6,tobacco leaves from 18 regions were divided into 7 groups,which in turn were from Zimbabwe and Canada,from Brazil and Shaanxi Ankang,from Fujian,Hubei Enshi,Chongqing Qianjiang,and Jiangxi Gannan,from Liaoning,Sichuan,and Yunnan,from Guangxi,Hunan,and Guizhou,from Henan and Shandong,from Heilongjiang Mudanjiang and Jilin.

In this paper,we introduced the classification and analytical methods of tobacco aroma,relationship between tobacco aroma and main secondary metabolism,phenotypic trait of tobacco aroma and genetic researches in tobacco aroma characters.Also,the prominent aspects in tobacco aroma character research were discussed.

The relationship between chemical component indices and sensory quality indices of tobacco leaves from 15 provinces and abroad has been analyzed by simple correlation analysis.The result showed that all chemical component indices had significant or extremely significant correlations with total score of sensory quality.The correlations listed in order of correlative degree from big to small were total nitrogen-nicotine-total sugar+the difference between total sugar and reducing sugar+organic potassium+ reducing sugar+the ratio of reducing sugar to nicotine+inorganic sulfur-the ratio of potassium to sulfur+the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar-the ratio of potassium to chlorine+the ratio of total nitrogen to nicotine +total chlorine-total potassium +(the superscript of chemical index signed for -expressed that the chemical index negatively correlated with total score of sensory quality,and for +,contrary).The research suggests that the difference between total sugar and reducing sugar has more close relationship with sensory quality compared with the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar,and that inorganic sulfur,organic potassium have more close relationships with combustibility and sensory quality compared with total potassium,total chlorine and the ratio of potassium to chlorine.The difference between total sugar and reducing sugar,inorganic sulfur,organic potassium could be used as important indices for evaluation of quality of flue-cured tobacco.

AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) silver-staining analysis system was established with 14 tobacco cultivars.The results of several reactions in the analysis system were as following: tobacco genomic DNA was extracted by CTAB method;the double enzymes restriction and the adapter-ligation were completed at the same time;E+A and M+C primer combinations were used in pre-amplification while E+3 and M+3 primer combinations in selective amplification;the PCR reaction products were analyzed on 6% denatured polyacrylamide gel and then stained by silver.With the optimized system,the AFLP fingerprinting of 3 tobacco cultivars amplified by 20 primer combinations had been obtained.