新冠肺炎疫情使得高校全面探索和实施线上教学,教学管理部门强调授课方式与平台,保障课程内容的有效传递.教与学的另一端——学生能否充分发挥主观意愿、积极投入学习,是保证线上教学与课堂教学实质等效的重要一环.学生在线上的学习行为,更为客观地反映了其自主学习意愿.分析这些行为,将有助于了解其学习情况,为深入教育教学改革提供参考.

新冠肺炎疫情使得高校全面探索和实施"线上教学",教学管理部门强调"授课方式与平台",保障课程内容的有效传递."教与学"的另一端——学生能否充分发挥主观意愿、积极投入学习,是保证线上教学与课堂教学"实质等效"的重要一环.学生在线上的"学习行为",更为客观地反映了其自主学习意愿.分析这些行为,将有助于了解其学习情况,为深入教育教学改革提供参考.

在国家“一带一路”战略背景下,留学生尤其是俄罗斯留学生规模不断扩大.深入了解留学生学习习惯与特点,不断提高其实验诊断学实践操作能力仍是该领域教育工作者新时期面临的巨大挑战.本文介绍了哈尔滨医科大学近年针对留学生实验诊断学实践操作培养的经验,对新时代留学生教学进行了思考.从“学”与“教”两个方面的反馈来看,本次实践技能教学活动达到该校对于临床本科层次的教学要求.

寒冷诱导的H型高血压机制极其复杂至今未明,居住在寒冷地区的人群高血压的患病率较高[1].高血压在高纬度寒冷地区患病率往往高于低纬度温暖地区,我国人群高血压流行具有从南方到北方患病率递增的特点[2].寒冷地区大部分高血压患者在血压高的同时伴有血同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平的增高.研究寒冷地区H型高血压的发病机制尤为重要.本课题通过研究寒冷地区H型高血压病人寒冷应激后血栓素B2(TXB2)、6-酮-前列环素(6-keto-PGF1α)、内皮素(ET)和血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)的变化,阐明寒冷地区H型高血压的发生机制.

The researchers have focused on microRNAs in human diseases for two decades.MicroRNAs play their various roles in from cytoplasm to nuclear,and to extracellular.Platelets host a surprisingly diverse transcriptome,which is comprised of mRNAs and different classes of non-coding RNAs,including microRNAs.In recent years,it has been found that platelets can release functional microRNAs by their membrane vesicles,such as microvesicles.The platelet derived microRNAs can be transferred into the target cell as an intercellular communication factor.Here,the pathophysiological role as well as the found and detection of platelet derived microRNAs will be discussed.

在国家大力推进"大众创业、万众创新"的背景下,提高基础医学教育效果及医学生科研创新能力是基础医学教育工作者面临的巨大挑战.文章介绍了日本医学本科生科研素质和创新能力培养模式及具体手段,对我国医学教育创新能力进行思考,并提出了可供借鉴的启示.

临床医学发展不仅有赖于经验的传承,更得益于临床与基础的密切合作.医学生需要通过一定科研工作熟悉科学研究的基本流程及其在医学中的应用,即研究生培养阶段.如何在本科阶段基础医学教学中融入“转化医学”理念,强调基础研究与临床实践的结合,培养医学生辩证思考能力、创新能力是当今基础医学教育培养未来医学人才不可忽视的重要内容,也是基础医学教改活动的课题之一.

Objective To study the relation between the change of lung Aquaporin 5(AQP5) and lung edema in Wistar rats,in which DIC emerged after dripping LPS.Methods Fifty male Wistar rats(clean grade) were randomly divided into 5 groups(10 per group):the control group,LPS (sustained 4h infusion of 30mg/kg via rat vena caudalis) 4h,6h,8h and 10h groups.PLT count,PT,APTT,levels of FIB and DD of blood were detected;pathological changes of each group's lung tissues were examined by HE dyeing(both hematology parameters and tissues pathological changes were used to judge the course of DIC);each group's lung tissue RNA were extracted and RT-PCR were used to detect the mRNA expression of AQP5.Statistical analysis was performed using SNK-q and linear correlation analysis.Results Each experiment group's PLT count,PT,APTT,levels of FIB and DD were compared with control group(P<0.01);and microthrombus can be detected in lungs in LPS 6h group,lung tissues' structure were destroyed and much effusion in alveolus in LPS 8h and 10h groups;the expression of AQP5 mRNA appeared down regulation in LPS 4h group compared with control group(P<0.01);in LPS 4h group lung wet/dry weight increased compared with control group(P<0.01),after that lung wet/dry weight increased obviously.The extent of lung edema and the expression of AQP5 were linear correlation(P<0.01).Conclusion The extent of lung edema and the expression of AQP5 were linear correlation in rats DIC,it is hopeful to interfere the formation and remove lung edema through adjusting the expression of AQP5.

Objective To investigate the relationships between blood pressure, blood fat and hemorheological index of physical examination people in Heilongjiang Province. Methods We selected physical examination people of The First Afifliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University during March to May of 2012 to detect their blood pressure, blood fat and hemorheological index. Results Compared with normal blood pressure group, hypertension group’s whole blood viscosity at shear rates of 1.0s-1, 5.0s-1, 30.0s-1, 200.0s-1 were signiifcantly increased(P<0.01). Compared with normal triglyceride group, high triglyceride group’s plasma viscosity were increased(P<0.05). Compared with normal total cholesterol group, high total cholesterol group’s plasma viscosity were increased(P<0.05). Conclusion Hemorheological index has equally important clinical signiifcance to prevent and treat cardia-cerebrovascular disease with blood pressure and blood fat.

目的 探讨大鼠脑细胞水通道蛋白-4(AQP4)在脂多糖(LPS)诱导的Wistar大鼠弥漫性血管内凝血(DIC)模型中的表达变化及意义.方法 取健康Wistar大鼠90只,随机分成对照组和模型组(2、4、6、8、10和12 h组).通过鼠尾静脉注射LPS建立Wistar大鼠DIC模型.各组大鼠于不同时间点进行采样,分别进行血液学、病理学和免疫组织化学检测,观察DIC时脑细胞膜表面AQP4的表达变化.结果 DIC模型组出现凝血功能下降的变化,且6 h组最明显.肾脏病理片中出现微血栓.在大鼠DIC发展进程中,脑细胞膜上AQP4的表达不断增强.结论 大鼠尾静脉注射LPS可以引起大鼠凝血功能下降,微血管内血栓形成,引发DIC.随着DIC病程的发生和发展,大鼠脑细胞膜上AQP4的表达有上升趋势,提示DIC发生时的脑部病理变化有可能与AQP4的表达增强有关.

目的 探讨水蛭素对DIC模型的大鼠脑组织水通道蛋白4(AQP4)表达的干预作用.方法 通过鼠尾静脉滴注脂多糖制作DIC模型,将大鼠分为三组即对照组、DIC组和水蛭素组,选取4个时间点(4,6,8,12 h)测定血小板计数,PT,APTT,纤维蛋白原和D-D水平的变化;同时用免疫印迹杂交法检测大鼠脑组织水通道蛋白4的表达.结果 与对照组相比,DIC组及水蛭素组血小板计数,PT,APTT,纤维蛋白原和D-D差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);水蛭素组上述指标变化明显低于DIC组(P＜0.05);AQP4表达在水蛭素组明显低于DIC组(P＜0.05).结论 DIC时产生的凝血酶可能通过上调AQP4蛋白的表达,参与脑水肿形成和发展;水蛭素通过抑制凝血酶的形成,减轻脑水肿.