随着我国高等院校教学体制的改革、学科的调整,全国普通高等医学院校人体寄生虫学教学时数已逐渐减少.对于重、难点问题,教师无法在有限的课堂上讲解透彻.微课短小精悍、主题鲜明,适用于学生利用碎片化时间学习.课题组在获得学院教学建设项目立项支持后,结合人体寄生虫学的专业特点,尝试将自行研制的矢量化动画应用于微课制作中,取得了较好的效果,在此与同行共同探讨微课设计与制作的经验、体会,以期提高教学效果.

"细胞生物学"作为临床医学专业的基础课程,理论知识发展迅速,对医学专业学生的科研能力和创新能力的提高以及之后的临床和科研工作都至关重要.当前,高等教育信息化发展迅速,MOOC、雨课堂等智慧教学软件成为课堂教学的有力助手.利用网络信息资源结合TBL教学方法对"细胞生物学"传统的教学模式进行改革有着重要的意义,本文就TBL+MOOC混合式教学在医学院校临床医学专业的"细胞生物学"教学改革进行了初步探索.

目的 通过对昆明市某医学院学生面部蠕形螨的感染状况进行调查,为学生增强皮肤蠕形螨的预防意识提供科学指导.方法 选择昆明医科大学海源学院2017级临床医学专业和医学检验技术专业在校全日制本科生作为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方法统计所有研究对象的相关资料,包括生源地、面部皮肤情况、肤质、生活习惯等,并采用透明胶带粘贴法检测研究对象蠕形螨感染情况.比较不同性别、生源地、肤质、面部皮肤状态、生活习惯大学生蠕形螨感染率;对比所有研究对象不同螨种感染情况和感染度情况.结果 本研究369例感染者中,两种混合感染人数最多,占总感染人数的51.49％;感染度为轻度人数最多,占总感染人数的84.01％;生源地为城市的研究对象蠕形螨感染率高于农村(P<0.05);面部皮肤光滑者的蠕形螨感染率低于面部皮损者(皮肤粗糙、痤疮、丘疹)(P<0.05);>3个月更换1次枕套、被罩的研究对象蠕形螨感染率最高(P<0.05).结论 生活环境、皮肤状态、生活习惯等均是影响蠕形螨感染率的相关因素,学校和学生可通过养成良好生活习惯,定期检查等措施,降低感染率.

目前细胞生物学、分子生物学技术已大量应用于寄生虫学的领域，这对我国研究和防治寄生虫病起到了较大的推进作用［1］。以前流行范围广、危害严重的各种寄生虫病，都已得到很好的控制，例如已有4个国家先后经世界卫生组织总干事认证消除了危害严重的疟疾。但随着现代社会人们的生活方式及饮食习惯发生了较大的改变，从寄生虫学的角度去观察，由食源性寄生虫感染所造成的食品安全问题呈现上升趋势，如2006年轰动全国的北京“福寿螺”事件，通过食用“凉拌螺肉”使得百余人患病，且不少病人因未能得到及时的诊治而蒙受健康损害。这类典型的、突发的公共卫生案例提示医学教育仍应重视人体寄生虫学的课程建设和改革，使之更加适应临床和社会对本领域人才的需求。

人体寄生虫学属形态学范畴,是病原生物学重要组成部分,也是临床医学和预防医学的基础课程.目前,在大多数院校,教学时数已逐渐减少,且学生普遍对该课程不重视.矢量化应用于人体寄生虫学CAI课件中,不仅能引起学生对该课程的兴趣与重视,而且能很好的解决课时减少的问题.作者结合人体寄生虫学的专业特点,尝试使用矢量化方法,研制出一套能动起来的、有趣的、可修改、可控速的人体寄生虫学多媒体课件.经教学实践,该课件的教学效果得到了广大学生和教师的认可,通过介绍矢量化在课件中的应用,旨在总结经验、交流体会,以期能广泛的应用于教学,进一步促进教学水平的提高.

目的 了解云南省景洪市自然生态环境保护良好的地区并殖吸虫第二中间宿主溪蟹的种类及自然感染情况,探明并殖吸虫病的流行与自然疫源地的生态环境关系.同时丰富并殖吸虫或并殖吸虫病方面的流行病学资料,为今后制定并殖吸虫病的防治策略提供科学依据. 方法 从景洪市基诺山、曼赛囡、林宽新寨和补蚌的山涧溪流中采集溪蟹,经分类鉴定后采用组织捣碎过筛水洗沉淀法分离囊蚴,置生物体视镜下检查囊蚴或后尾蚴并分类计数.用常规方法统计不同调查点溪蟹的自然感染率和平均感染度.然后根据囊蚴的大小、囊壁的有无和层数、以及囊内蚴体的形态和排泄囊的特征,初步鉴定并殖吸虫的种属.将经过分类定种的囊蚴或者后尾蚴分别经口饲感染实验终宿主,获取成虫作为虫种的分类鉴定和验证结果. 结果 四地共采集到278只溪蟹,经鉴定均为景洪溪蟹.其中基诺山捕获溪蟹44只,自然感染率36.37％,平均感染度6.31;曼赛囡141只,自然感染率63.12％,平均感染度7.75;林宽新寨70只,自然感染率27.14％,平均感染度6.42;补蚌23只,自然感染率52.17％,平均感染度7.33.四个调查地点并殖吸虫虫种结构复杂,优势虫种为丰宫并殖吸虫. 结论 并殖吸虫在景洪市分布广泛,并殖吸虫病的流行与自然疫源地的生态环境关系密切.

目的 查明云南省并殖吸虫第二中间宿主-溪蟹的地理区划分布和种类,为今后开展本领域的研究和制订并殖吸虫病的防治规划提供科学依据.方法 2012年4月至1 1月间选择云南东部、南部、西部和北部具有代表性的11个地州市作为抽样调查点,从其山涧溪流中采集溪蟹,经鉴定后的溪蟹除留下少量样本外,其余的采用水洗沉淀法分离囊蚴,对囊蚴进行分类和计数.结果 从11个地州市的18个县共采集溪蟹1 584只,隶属于2科5属12种,其中束腹蟹科、束腰蟹属、非拟溪蟹属和小石蟹属为云南省首次报道.在西双版纳、大理、红河和普洱4个地州市的溪蟹体内检获阳性溪蟹157只,溪蟹的平均感染率为21.99％,共获得并殖吸虫囊蚴1110个,隶属2属8种.结论 云南省境内的溪蟹种类多,地理分布广,且大多数都能够成为并殖吸虫的第二中间宿主;发现了一些新的并殖吸虫病自然疫源地.

Human parasitology , which belongs to morphology category , is an important part of pathogeny biology , and also a basic course of clinical medicine and preventive medicine .Faced with the gradually reduced teaching hours in colleges and universities ,teach-ers try to find ways to finish the course content of syllabus in the limited hours .Creation and application of vectorizaion in CAI courseware,can not only solve the problem,but also achieve good teaching effects and feedback .It’s a new auxiliary teaching method worthy of promotion to stimulate students ’ interest in learning ,deepen the understanding of the teaching content ,and improve academic performance .

Abstrac t: Human Parasitology, a morphology discipline, belongs to the category of basic medical, and is an important foundation course of the clinical medicine, preventive medicine and medical examination, while experimental teaching is an indispensable compo-nent in the teaching process reflecting the teaching quality and cultivation of comprehensive innovation talents.This paper attempts to find ways to existing problems in teaching practice and provide suggestions to improve the teaching effects of human parasitology.

ABSTRACT:Strongyloides stercoralis is an opportunistic parasitic nematode ,whose larvae can invade the lung ,brain ,liv‐er ,kidney and other organs of hosts and cause strongyloidiasis .The infection opportunity of strongyloidiasis increased with raised living standard ,changed lifestyle and family pets .So far ,the relevant domestic researches of strongyloidiasis are limited in case reports and epidemiological investigation ,but researches involving biological characteristics ,immune phenomenon and protective immune response in humans are still very little .Based on the references ,this review summarizes recent findings in morphology ,life cycle ,pathogenicity ,epidemiology ,immunology ,diagnosis and prevention of S .stercoralis for raising the awareness of strongyloidiasis .

Objective To explore an ideal preparation technique of permanent slide specimens for adult worms of small trematodes for providing the high quality samples or materials in experimental teaching and scientific research. Methods By the improved preparation method such as fixation,stain,dehydration,transparency and mounting,the permanent slide specimens for adult worms of Paragonimus and Clonorchis sinensis were obtained based on grouping tests such as dyeing time( 2,4,6 h),color separation time( 2,6,10min),dehydration time( 20,30,40 min) and transparency time( 20,25,30 min). Results By means of 2- 4 h dyeing,6 min colour separation,30 min dehydration,30 min transparent,the dyeing effect of fixed adult worms was optimum. The slide specimens for adult worms of small trematodes made by this method shared good morphology,bright color,clear structure,distinct tissues and organs,and could be permanently preserved but did not fade. Conclusion The preparation keys of permanent slide specimens for adult worms of Paragonimus and Clonorchis sinensis are the time of dyeing,colour separation,dehydration and transparency.

肝毛细线虫是一种严重危害人和其它哺乳动物肝脏的人兽共患寄生线虫.该虫在野生啮齿类动物群中普遍流行,偶尔感染人体,导致宿主肝脏损伤、肝功能紊乱、肝脏纤维化甚至死亡.本文在查阅文献的基础上结合作者的研究成果对其形态、生活史、流行病学、病理学、免疫学、诊断及防治等方面作一综述,以期引起对该寄生虫及其所致疾病的认识.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the prevalence of Capillaria hepatica in rodents from Anning Prefecture, Yunnan, and observe the susceptibility of C. hepatica to SD rats and KM mice.METHODS:Rodents were trapped in a cultivated filed of Wenquan Town, Annning from March 2010 to March 2012. The species of rodents were identified. The liver was examined and a microscopic examination of tissue was performed by the tissue press technique for the presence of the typical bipolar eggs, adults or larval stages. The prevalence of C. hepatica in rodents was calculated. C. hepatica eggs were collected and cultured in vitro. Each SD rat or KM mouse was orally infected with approximately 1 000 C. hepatica eggs. The control groups with 4 SD rats or 4 KM mice received only normal saline. The experimental animals were euthanized at the 30th and 80th day post infection. Collected liver samples were processed for gross pathological and histological section examination.RESULTS:A total of 115 rodents were captured and examined. C. hepatica eggs were found in 26 (22.6%) rodents. There was no significant difference in the prevalence between female (22.5%, 18/80) and males (22.9%, 26/115) (P > 0.05). The highest prevalence was found in Rattus norvegicus (10/11). Pathologi cal findings showed numerous white-yellow small nodules ranged from 0.1-0.2 cm in diameter. Under light microscope, C. hepatica eggs were ovoid [(50-65) microm x (25-30) microm]. At the 30th day post-infection, there were several adult worms and their eggs delimited by a fibrous capsule, and septal fibrosis formations occurred in the liver of SD rat. No worm or eggs were found in the mouse liver, but the liver presented inflammatory cell infiltration. At the 80th day post-infection, live worms disappeared from the focal lesions in the liver of SD rat, being replaced by partially calcified worm debris. Mature worms and eggs were seen in the KM mouse liver, however, septal fibrosis was absent.CONCLUSION:This study has documented a high prevalence of C. hepaticum in R. norvegicus from Anning Prefecture. SD rat and KM mouse are the susceptible hosts of C. hepatica.