A new style of low temperature combustion cigarettes was prepared by implanting a thermally conductive cellulose/coper composite rod (TCCR) in the cut tobacco section, so as to explore the application feasibility at the low temperature environment. The burning temperature of the cigarettes was investigated by thermocouple to study the influence of the implanted TCCRs. The emission of conventional components and seven harmful components in mainstream smoke were also carried out to study the effect of TCCRs. The results show that implantation of TCCRs could reduce the burning temperature of cigarettes effectively, which decreased over 100 °C. In compared with conventional cigarettes, the amount of nicotine and nicotine-freed dry particulate matter (NFDPM) in mainstream smoke of TCCRs implanted cigarettes changed little, while the release of harmful components such as CO, HCN, NNK and phenol decreased over 20%. Moreover, the TCCRs, which made of copper paper with 2 g / 18 g weight ratio of pulp and copper, and 5 mm interval perforating, could reduce the burning temperature of cigarettes by 145 °C and the hazard index by 2.01.

为降低卷烟主流烟气温度对口腔的刺激,提高消费者卷烟抽吸舒适性,采用热电偶测量了卷烟燃吸过程中滤嘴出口端温度,研究了不同滤嘴设计降低卷烟主流烟气温度的效果.结果表明:①卷烟滤嘴具有降低主流烟气温度、减少人体口腔温度刺激感的效果.②增加滤嘴压降、缩短滤嘴长度、提高滤嘴通风率,可降低主流烟气温度;其中又以提高滤嘴通风率的效果最为显著.③不同结构滤嘴的降温效果存在明显差异,活性炭组合滤嘴>沟槽滤嘴>活性炭复合滤嘴>醋纤丝束滤嘴>中空滤嘴;其中,活性炭组合滤嘴和沟槽滤嘴可有效降低烟气的口腔温度刺激感,提高卷烟抽吸的舒适性.

为快速测定卷烟中总氮的含量,采用元素分析法和连续流动分析法对700个卷烟样品分别检测其总氮含量,运用元素分析法测定数据建立总氮预测模型,并通过111个卷烟样品对所建模型进行验证实验.结果显示,模型总氮预测值与连续流动分析法总氮测定值的相对偏差在4％ 以内,通过配对样品T检验进一步验证,在显著性水平大于0.05时,两种方法不存在显著性差异,表明应用元素分析法测定含量数据建立的模型可快速预测卷烟中总氮的含量,适合用于卷烟样品中连续流动分析法总氮含量的预测,为卷烟品质评价提供了一种新的方法.

To improve the utilization value of tobacco stem extract, molecular distillation was used to separate and purify tobacco stem extract prepared by supercritical fluid extraction. The parameters of molecular distillation were optimized by the response surface method, and the components in the extracted essential oil were determined by GC/MS. The results showed that: 1) The highest yield of the essential oil was 10.49% ± 0.05%, the optimized processing parameters were distillation temperature 140 ℃, film scraping speed 246 r/min, and condensing temperature 39 ℃. 2) Comparing with tobacco stem extract, the contents (mass fraction) of 24 components in the obtained essential oil increased greatly, and the enrichment of eucalyptol was the highest and reached 112 times. 3) The obtained essential oil was used as a flavor for reconstituted tobacco, and the sensory evaluation results indicated positive sensory quality. This method is suitable for purifying tobacco stem extracts, and the obtained essential oil enhances the tobacco-like aroma of reconstituted tobacco products.

为尝试开发出低温燃烧型卷烟,本研究采用金属粉末烧结法制成不同类型导热棒植入卷烟,并比较了由此引起的燃烧温度、有害物释放量的变化情况.结果显示:(1)以烧结棒替代金属棒,可减少导热棒植入卷烟时带来的安全风险,并降低燃烧锥温度100℃以上,使低温燃烧卷烟设计成为可能.(2)导热棒的制备,压制烧结法优于松装烧结法,复合铜粉为原料优于铝粉和纯铜粉.(3)低温燃烧卷烟的危害性指数显著低于常规卷烟,如植入Cu:Fe=20:4导热棒的卷烟,其危害性指数降低了2.52,降幅达到了29.8％.

通过对广东地区卷烟消费者自然状态下吸烟行为的街头调查,分析其吸烟行为特点.结果显示,广东地区消费者的吸烟行为具有以下规律性:(1)消费者抽吸卷烟时,极少出现滤嘴通风孔被完全封闭的情形,而通风孔50％ 封闭的情形也不足34％.(2)局促环境下广东消费者单支烟的吸入烟气总量,会远高于其放松状态下的烟气吸入量.(3)街头调查结果验证了访谈调查数据可在一定程度上反映消费者的吸烟行为.(4)广东省内卷烟消费者的吸烟行为表现为"快(高抽吸频率)且浅(低抽吸容量)",其单支烟吸入烟气总量远远低于欧美消费者的.(5)马萨诸塞方法设定的机器抽吸卷烟条件与广东地区卷烟消费者的习惯性吸烟行为最为接近,而WHO官方方法则显著高估广东消费者烟气吸入量的平均水平.

Sensor array was used to rapidly evaluate the composition and content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in tobacco package materials. Abstract odor factor maps (AOFMs) extracted from signal data of sensor array were used as characteristic map of samples, and then similarity measure was implemented to evaluate VOCs in samples. By using this method, 8 types of packing paper samples with different VOCs and 2 types of packing paper samples with similar composition and content of VOCs were determined. As comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA) only discriminated 2 types of samples and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) discriminated 6 samples. Hence, similarity measurement of AOFMs provided higher recognition accuracy than the other two methods. The advantages of this method were in three aspects, basing on a correct signal model targeted to sensor array, employing an objective and well. defined evaluation standard, and using standard deviation of samples' signal data to assist evaluation.

A new thermally conductive copper paper was prepared with cellulose pulp and ultrafine copper powder in a traditional paper making process. The thermal conductivity of the copper paper was studied in different weight ratios, and the surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the addition of copper powder enhanced the thermal conductivity of copper paper distinctly, with a maximum of up to 0.560 w.m(-1).K-1 in the weight ratio of pulp/copper of 1:12, which was an increase of 143% compared with the paper without copper. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that copper papers consisted of copper powder particles distributing compactly on the fiber surface. The tensile index of copper paper decreased compared with the paper without filler. A calendaring process was used to improve the combination between copper particles and fibers and to enhance the thermal conductivity of copper paper.

[目的]应用甘油碱法工艺对烟梗进行处理,制备低木质素烟梗薄片.[方法]以木质素脱除率和浆得率为衡量指标,对甘油碱法制浆工艺条件进行了优化,并比较了不同预处理工艺对再造烟叶烟气评吸质量的影响.[结果](1)甘油碱法制浆最佳工艺条件为,氢氧化钾用量45％、蒸煮温度为200℃、蒸煮液固比为11∶1、蒸煮时间为0.5h,此时烟梗中的木质素含量为5.06％,木质素脱除率为43.01％,浆得率为37.12％.(2)甘油碱法的木质素脱除率和木质气降低效果虽然稍逊色于氧碱法,但其对烟气质量提升的综合效果明显优于氧碱法和乙酸法.(3)采用甘油碱法再造烟叶制备的项目卷烟,其感官质量优于常规卷烟.[结论]采用甘油碱法工艺制备的烟草薄片,木质素含量低,应用于卷烟中可提升烟气品质.

In order to screen habitual smoking behavior of cigarette consumers in Guangdong Province, the behavior parameters from different smokers smoking different types of cigarettes were obtained via an in-situ smoking behavior recorder. The results showed that the smoking behavior of smokers had following patterns:1)A compensatory puffing behavior was noted in smokers who smoked unfamiliar cigarette samples, except for those who were used to smoke low tar cigarettes. 2)With the decrease in labelled tar delivery of their habitual cigarettes, both the puff number and puff volume took by the smokers were gradually reduced, and the total volume of smoke inhaled was decreased greatly for a single cigarette. Therefore the total volume of smoke inhaled by low tar cigarette smokers were found to be lower than that of medium/high tar cigarette smokers. 3)The smokers of low tar, low nicotine cigarettes and blended-type cigarettes had similar smoking behavior with less puff numbers, i.e., short puff durations, high flow rates and low puff volume; and the total volume of smoke inhaled by them for a single cigarette was lower. 4)There were differences in smoking behavior among different types of smokers, the total volume of smoke inhaled by female smokers, low age smokers and medium smoking degree smokers for a single cigarette total was among the lowest.

The aim of this study is to improve the discrimination performance of electronic noses by introducing a new method for measuring the similarity of the signals obtained from the electronic nose. We constructed abstract odor factor maps (AOFMs) as the characteristic maps of odor samples by decomposition of three-way signal data array of an electronic nose. A similarity measure for two-way data was introduced to evaluate the similarities and differences of AOFMs from different samples. The method was assessed by three types of pipe and powder tobacco samples. Comparisons were made with other techniques based on PCA, SIMCA, PARAFAC and PARAFAC2. The results showed that our method had significant advantages in discriminating odor samples with similar flavors or with high VOCs release.

采用乙酸法处理烟梗,以降低烟草薄片的木质素含量;并比较乙酸法与水浸泡法和氧碱法所制得烟草薄片抄造用细浆的差异,结果如下:(1)乙酸预处理法的最佳工艺条件是,液固比15︰1,乙酸浓度70%,盐酸的浓度为1.5%,加热蒸煮至沸腾后保持2 h.(2)乙酸法处理烟梗的降木质素效果明显优于水浸泡法,且不需要额外添加木浆纤维即可抄造烟草薄片纸基,大大节省了原料成本.(3)乙酸法的降木质素效果逊色于氧碱法,但生产工艺难度和能耗较低,且所制得烟草薄片的致密度更接近于天然烟叶.

In order to implement the high-valued utilization of tobacco stem, supercritical CO2 fluid extraction was conducted to extract the flavor components from waste tobacco stem and to prepare essential oil with natural tobacco flavors.Then, by taking the extraction yield as an evaluation index, single-factor and orthogonal experiments were respectively carried out to optimize the extraction process.Finally, the flavor components in the obtained extracts were analyzed by means of GC-MS.The results show that, under the optimal extraction conditions, that is, an extraction temperature of 60℃, an extraction pressure of 32MPa, a CO2 flow rate of 24L/h, an extraction time of 2.5h, when 85% ethanol solution with a mass fraction in tobacco stem of 20% is adopted as the entrainer, the extraction yield reaches 1.70%;and that many important flavor components are contained in the 27 kinds of identified components, such as β-damascenone, megastigmatrienone, β-cembrenediol, geranyl acetone, neophytadiene, and so on.

The effects of ozone modification on the surface properties, including specific surface area, pore structure, surface function groups and surface acidic group content, of activated carbon (AC) were studied to develop a flavor containing, slow aroma-releasing filter components for cigarette. The effects of ozone-modified AC were investigated by using 2-cyclopentenone as a model molecule. The results showed that: 1) With the prolonged ozone modifying time, the specific surface area, pore volume and surface acidic group content of AC increased. 2) The number of adsorption peaks of chemical bonds between carbon and oxygen in IR spectrum of ozone-modified AC increased, and the type of surface function groups was also increased after modification. 3) After the ozone treatment, the type of adsorption sites of 2-cyclopentenone on AC increased, which increased the desorption activation energy and adsorption capacity. During machine-smoking of test cigarettes containing the treated AC, ozone modification resulted in the increased release of 2-cyclopentenone, while did not significantly affect the release of routine chemical components in mainstream cigarette smoke.

For a simple, fast, environment-friendly and cost-effective means to differentiate the quality of cigarette packing paper, a method was developed by analyzing the contents of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from cigarette packing paper using an electronic nose system. In addition, three discriminant models for benzene contents and the total contents of 15 VOCs were developed with discriminant factor analysis (DFA), principal component analysis (PCA) and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) algorithms, separately. The modeling outputs from the three methods were compared, and the results showed that both the model for benzene contents based on DFA and that for the total contents of 15 VOCs based on DFA or SIMCA could be applied for the fast differentiation of quality of cigarette packing paper.

文章回顾在目前电子鼻系统应用中涉及到的预处理方法和模式识别技术.对电子鼻数据进行预处理可以减少环境因素的影响,也有利于后续特征提取和模式识别;而模式识别技术的选择则是电子鼻数据分析的关键.文章对预处理方法和模式识别技术的详细介绍旨在对电子鼻系统的应用起到指导作用.

果胶存在于植物的细胞壁和细胞内层，是植物细胞的重要组成部分，属于碳水化合物的衍生物［1］。其含量不仅影响到烟叶的理化性质，对卷烟的香气也有一定的贡献，但比例太高时会对烟叶的吸味及吸食安全性产生负面影响［2-3］。因此，测定烟叶中果胶质的含量，对监控烟草和烟草制品的品质有重要意义。

In order to accurately determine the particle size distribution in mainstream cigarette smoke aerosol, a dilution system, which was composed of a diverter, an axial diluter and a 20 times jet-flow diluter, and the corresponding detection method for electrical low pressure impactor (ELPI) instrument were established. The experimental results indicated that: 1) The dilution system met the requirements of ELPI for detection stability and instrument detection limits in the determination of mainstream cigarette smoke aerosol. 2) The influence of test time on the test results was minor when detecting smoke aerosol with this ELPI-based method, and the inter-assay relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 10%. 3) This method featured a good stability, and RSDs of determination results of total mass numbers of aerosol were less than 15%. This method was found to be accurate, stable, reliable and suitable for determining the aerosol particles in smoke of cigarettes with different tar deliveries.

采用氧碱法预处理烟梗,脱除烟梗中的木质素,并利用处理后烟梗制成烟草薄片,研究烟气中有害成分的变化,得到氧碱法处理的最佳工艺条件如下:碱液与烟梗液固比,10 mL/g;氢氧化钾相对于绝干烟梗质量的百分比,35％;反应温度,120℃;反应时间,40 min;氧气压力,0.6MPa;保护剂MgCO3使用量,0.5％.与传统水浸泡预处理工艺相比,氧碱法处理后木质素含量降低率达到47.9％,裂解气中苯酚含量降低61％,邻苯二酚含量降低25％,总有害物质含量降低38％.