为构建有效的沟叶结缕草遗传转化体系,以沟叶结缕草愈伤组织为受体材料,通过农杆菌介导法将笔者单位克隆的耐盐相关基因ZmPDI基因转入野生型植株中,研究共培养时间、侵染液浓度、侵染时间和抗生素浓度等因子对转化效率的影响。结果表明:最佳遗传转化体系为菌株OD 600 值为0.4,侵染30 min,共培养3 d后进行选择培养。特美汀在选择培养阶段最适抑菌浓度为250 mg/L,潮霉素愈伤组织筛选的最适选择压力为40 mg/L,苗筛的最适浓度为15 mg/L。通过GUS活性的组织化学分析和PCR鉴定,显示目的基因已成功转入沟叶结缕草基因组中。

在经济发展速度逐步加快的过程中,信息化技术发展日益成熟,数字化已经成为当前社会的一大形式.数字化技术已经出现于各行业中.受到市场环境的额影响,传统出版业已经受到一定的冲击,全新的媒体出版环境在数字推动下将就此诞生.数字出版已经为出版业的发展提供一个新的方向,但是为适应经济市场变化,需要以发展的眼光来看待.本文就全媒体出版环境下编辑工作的新特点进行简单分析.

白掌（Spathiphyllum floribundum）是优良的室内观花观叶植物，具有较高的经济价值、观赏价值，市场发展前景广阔。在综述国内外白掌组培研究现状的基础上，从外植体选择、消毒处理、激素配比、培养条件到炼苗移栽等方面进行了分析，总结了白掌组培中存在的一些问题，并提出建议。

为开创蕨类植物新的育种方法,以鸟巢蕨、扇蕨和凤尾蕨等3种蕨类植物的绿色球状体为材料,在附加0.2mg·L-1IBA的改良1/2MS培养基上,研究不同剂量的60Co-γ射线辐照对绿色球状体成苗的影响.结果显示,60Co-γ射线辐照剂量在60Gy时,辐照处理的鸟巢蕨绿色球状体成苗率从0Gy(CK)的98％降至33％;剂量在80Gy时,辐照处理的扇蕨和凤尾蕨绿色球状体成苗率分别从CK的100％降至38％和26％,因此60～80 Gy的60Co-γ射线为辐照处理蕨类植物绿色球状体的适宜剂量.SSR分子标记测定结果表明,鸟巢蕨绿色球状体经Gy 60和80 Gy的60Co-γ射线辐照诱变获得的植株与对照植株在DNA水平上存在显著差异,其中SSR-23和SSR-76可作为筛选鸟巢蕨突变体的适宜引物.本研究建立的蕨类植物绿色球状体60Co-γ射线辐照诱变技术,为在离体器官水平上开展蕨类植物辐照诱变育种提供了条件.

The transcriptome of Paspalum vaginatum leaf was sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq 2000 plat-form,which is a new generation of high-throughput sequencing technology used to study expression profiles and to predict functional genes.In the target sample,a total of 47520544 reads containing 4752054400 bp of se-quence information were generated.A total of 81220 unigenes containing 87542503 bp sequence information were formed by initial sequence splicing,with an average read length of 1077 bp.Unigene qualities for several aspects were assessed,such as length distribution,GC content and gene expression level.The sequencing data was of high quality and reliability.The 46169 unigenes were annotated using BLAST searches against the Nr, Nt and SwissProt databases.All the assembled unigenes could be broadly divided into biological processes,cel-lular components and 48 branches of molecular function categories by gene ontology,including metabolic process,binding and cellular processes.The unigenes were further annotated based on COG category,which could be grouped into 25 functional categories.The unigenes could be broadly divided into 112 classes according to their metabolic pathway,including the phenylalanine metabolism pathway,plant-pathogen interaction,plant hormone biosynthesis and signal transduction,flavonoid biosynthesis,terpenoid backbone biosynthesis,lipid metabolism,and RNA degradation.There were 22721 SSR in 81220 unigenes and in the SSR,A/T was the highest repeat,following by CCG/CGG and AGC/CTG.This study is the first comprehensive transcriptome a-nalysis for Paspalum vaginatum ,providing valuable genome data sources for the molecular biology of this grass.

以双瓣茉莉带芽茎段为外植体,研究细胞分裂素TDZ、CPPU、KT、6-BA与生长素NAA、IBA对双瓣茉莉腋芽的诱导和生长的影响.结果表明:在双瓣茉莉腋芽的诱导过程中6-BA、KT、TDZ和CPPU所表现出的细胞分裂素活性大小为TDZ＞ CPPU＞ KT＞ 6-BA;IBA比NAA更适合双瓣茉莉不定芽的诱导和生长;其诱导腋芽的最适配方为WPM+ 6-BA0.5 mg/L+ IBA0.5 mg/L.

The leaves of sterile plantlet of Davallia bullata were used as materials to study the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride(NaCl) on induction of the adventitious bud.The induced rate of adventitious bud without NaCl treatment(CK) was 80.2%,and the induced rate treated by 0.4%,0.5%,0.6%,0.7% and 0.8% NaCl droped to 28.4%,20.6%,15.9%,7.8% and 0,respectively.Among 248 pairs of specific simple sequence repeat(SSR) primers,nine pairs were associated with the salt tolerance of somatic mutants,among which,WXE-56 and WXE-204,were suitable for identification of the salt-tolerant mutant.

In this study , the molecular marker system SSR ( simple sequence repeat ) was used to analyze the genetic relation-ship of 12 pteridophyte cultivars .The results showed that 15 pairs of primers with high polymorphism and good repeatability were screened out from 180 pairs of primers , and they were used to amplify the genomic DNA of these pteridophyte cultivars .A total of 117 bands were amplified , and 98 of them were polymorphic , with an average of 6.53 polymorphic bands per primer pair , with the polymorphism rate of 83.76%.The genetic similarity coefficients were calculated and the cluster analysis was conducted by using NTSYS-pc 2.10e software.The genetic analysis showed that the genetic similarity coefficients between the 12 cultivars ranged from 0.351 to 0.857.The cluster analysis indicated that all the cultivars could be categorized into three major clusters .The genetic rela-tionship and genetic diversity of pteridophyte materials could be assessed efficiently by SSR markers .

Using Davallia bullata and its salt-tolerant somatic cell mutant NY -7 as experimental materials , we studied their 5 physiological indexes under different salt concentrations stress through pot experiments , and comprehensively evaluated their salt tolerance by using fuzzy subordinate function method .The results showed that:when salt concentration increased and stress time ex-tended, the contents of both leaf chlorophyll and soluble protein showed the trend of declining in salt -tolerant mutant NY-7, while its proline content and SOD activity did not present significant changes , and its content of MDA increased slightly .In comparison with NY-7, the leaf chlorophyll content of Davallia bullata significant decreased , and its SOD activity and the contents of proline , soluble protein and MDA significantly increased .The comprehensive evaluation of five physiological indexes suggested that the salt tolerance of NY-7 was higher than that of Davallia bullata.

以双瓣茉莉带腋芽的茎段为外植体,在附加不同浓度TDZ、6 - BA、IBA、NAA的WPM培养基、MS培养基上进行离体培养,建立起双瓣茉莉组织培养快速繁殖的技术体系.适宜的腋芽诱导培养基为WPM+6-BA 0.5mg/L+IBA 0.5 mg/L;芽的继代增殖培养基为WPM+6- BA 2.0 mg/L+ IBA 0.1 mg/L;成苗培养基为WPM +6-BA 0.1或0.2 mg/L+ IBA 0.2 mg/L;生根培养基以蛭石代替琼脂,附加1.0 mg/L的NAA.

A double petal (DP) and a multi petal (MP) type jasmine (Jasminum sambac Ait.) growth and flowering was known largely affected by different levels of irradiance. Here, our objective was to determine the effects of shade on photosynthesis related characteristics and chloroplast ultrastructure of these two types. In both types, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate increased with decreasing irradiance from 100% to 20%, while both maximum and variable fluorescence showed a steady increase, and photochemical and nonphotochemical quenching indexes declined. At each conducted time, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids contents in DP type shaded leaves increased whereas those in MP type decreased at 5% irradiance (considered as extreme shade). The maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II of DP plants showed subtle changes but that of MP plants declined by shading thereafter 21 days of treatment. Observation of chloroplast ultrastructure showed its best development in the leaves of DP and MP types mostly from 50% to 20% irradiance (considered as weak and moderate shade, respectively). At each shade treatment, Pn, gs and water use efficiency of DP-jasmine were always higher than those of MP-jasmine, thus the shade tolerance ability of the former was higher than that of the latter. The results showed that full sunlight and 5% natural irradiance caused photoinhibition and light deficiency of jasmine plants respectively, and modulating chloroplast development by the more numbers of thylakoids and grana to contain more photosynthetic pigments is an important shade tolerance mechanism of DP type.

In order to improve the screening efficiency of somatic mutant with salt tolerance,the effect of NaCl concentrations on callus differentiation and plant regeneration were studied.The mature seed of Paspalum notatum Flugge.cv.Taiyanghua was used as the explant material.The dry-and-loose pellet callus were induced in the subculture medium with 16 g/L agar,and the wet-and-sticky pellet callus in 8 g/L agar.The two types of pellet callus were salt-stressed in the callus subculture medium with 0,1.2%,1.6% and 2.0% NaCl for 30 d.The results showed that the rates of bud regeneration of dry-and-loose pellet callus were 36.1%,20.4%,19.0% and 9.3%,and the frequencies of shoot regeneration from bud were 52.6%,46.3%,30.0% and 20.6%.The rates of bud regeneration of the wet-and-sticky pellet callus were 15.3%,3.6%,0.7% and 0,and the frequencies of shoot regeneration from bud were 25.8%(control),16.7%(1.2% NaCl),and 0(1.6% NaCl).The dry-and-loose pellet callus was more suitable for screening of somatic mutant with salt tolerance.Among 479 pairs of specific simple sequence repeat(SSR) primer,eight pairs were associated with the salt-tolerance of somatic mutants,and two pairs,WXE-30 and WXE-246,were suitable for identification of the mutant with salt tolerant in Paspalum notatum.

The leaves of sterile plantlet of Davallia bullata was used as explant to study the effect of different types of cytokinin on adventitious bud induction,proliferation and shooting.The thallus-like adventitious bud was induced from the leaf in the modified MS medium with 1.0mg/L KT,or 2.0 mg/L KT,or 1.0 mg/L CPPU,or 2.0mg/L CPPU,and formed leafbud-like adventitious bud in the bud proliferative medium with 0.5 mg/L KT or 0.5 mg/L CPPU.The thallus-like adventitious bud was induced as well from the leaf in the induction medium with 1.0 mg/L or 2.0 mg/L BAP and stayed the same shape in proliferation medium with 0.5 mg/L BAP.In the bud proliferative medium with 0.5 mg/L CPPU,the coefficient of bud propagation was above 5.The leafbud was 100%,and developed into intact regenerated plantlet with root,stem and leaf in the MS medium with 0.2 mg/L IBA.

The research progress and value on distant hybridization of plant breeding in recent years was reviewed comprehensively,especially about the reproductive factors which resulted in unsuccessful hybridization and the effective methods to overcome.These included the pre-fertilization barriers such as crossing incompatibility and post-fertilization barriers such as embryo abortion.The morphological,cytological and molecular cytological identification methods for hybridity of distant progeny were reviewed,and a new study field of plant distant hybridization was proposed as well.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring the plasmid pCAMBIA1301 which contains stress tolerance-related transcription factor ZjDREB1 gene and reporter gene HPT was used to transform axillary bud-derived embryogenic calluses of Eremochloa ophiuroides 'E126'.To systematically optimize the conditions of centipedegrass transformation,several factors which could influence Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer were examined,including concentration of selective agent and bacteriostat,bacterial concentration,duration of infection and co-cultivation.Consequently,a transformation system of transgenic centipedegrass plants was established.It was found that the efficiency of transformation highly relied on the following optimal conditions: The concentration of hygromycin for selection was 30 mg/L;the cefotaxime concentration for restraining the Agrobacterium was 400 mg/L;OD600 as 0.3,30 min of infection time and 3 days.Co-cultivation time was the optimized condition for genetic transformation system in E.ophiuroides.Ten transgenic plants were identified by PCR detection from initial 44 regenerated plants.

Weak cold-resistance of centipedegrass is one of the major factors limiting its wide application.This study aimed to obtain cold-resistant somatic mutants from the seed of eminent Chinese native centipedegrass selection E-126 by induction and screening at low temperature.The callus induced by seeds of centipedegrass was cultivated at 0℃ for 26 d during the process of subculture and two pieces of survival callus tissues were obtained.Strain 1 and strain 2 were obtained after survival callus subculture proliferation,differentiation,rhizogenesis and transplantation.No significant differences were found in leaf color,lamellar hair,leaf length and leaf width between strains 1and 2 and the control.LT50 of strains 1 and 2 were-6.646 and-6.546 ℃,respectively,which was significantly lower than that of control plants(-5.351 ℃) and there was no significant difference between the LT50 of strains 1 and 2.The results of sequence related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) markers demonstrated that there were identical characteristic bands at 110,230 and 240 bp of centipedegrass strains 1 and 2 obtained through low temperature induction.However,no characteristic bands at 110,230 and 240 bp were found in control plants,indicating that the somatic mutants of centipedegrass were genetically stable compared with that of control plants at a molecular level.Strains 1 and 2 could be utilized as identical strains.

The pellet embryonic calli of Paspalum vagiantum Sw.cv.Adalay were used for 60Co γ-rays irradiation.In the callus subculture medium with 2,4-D 2.0mg/L and BAP 0.05mg/L,calli were irradiated at the dose rate 1 Gy/min of 60Co γ-rays.Results showed that the rate of shoot regeneration was from 94% to 85% when calli irradiated with 20～50 Gy;the rate of shoot regeneration was from 76% to 30% ,and the rate of plant regeneration was from 44.5% to 8.7% between 60～80 Gy.By 60 Gy of 60Co γ-rays irradiation,the rate of shoot regeneration was about 76% in the differentiation medium with BAP 2.0mg/L,and the relative rate of plant regeneration was 44.5% in the rooting medium with NAA 0.5mg/L.The result of sequence-related amplified polymorphism(SRAP) markers analysis showed that the specific SRAP markers were associated with the somatic mutants.The mutation technique of 60 Co γ-rays has been established in the somatic cell of Paspalum vaginatum Sw.

旨在细胞水平上建立海雀稗(Paspalum vaginatum Sw.)低温胁迫定向筛选耐寒突变体技术,为开展海雀稗耐寒品种选育提供新途经.于2008年1月以海雀稗Adalay品种(P. vaginatum cv. Adalay)的幼穗诱导产生的颗粒状愈伤组织为材料,分别在6℃和0℃低温条件下进行培养和筛选.试验结果:在6℃和0℃下,培养30 d,愈伤组织的绿苗分化率均在80%以上,比对照处理(培养温度26℃)绿苗分化率略有下降;培养45 d,绿苗分化率分别为60%和50%;培养60 d,绿苗分化率分别降至33%和23%.在0℃下培养75 d,愈伤组织完全丧失分化植株的能力;0℃培养0、30、45和60 d的再生植株叶片的半致死温度分别为:-5.69℃、-6.07℃、-6.35℃和-6.63℃.SRAP分子标记测定结果显示,特异性SRAP标记与海雀稗体细胞突变体的耐寒性相关.海雀稗颗粒状愈伤组织在0℃下培养和筛选45 d和60 d获得了耐寒突变体植株.

以海雀稗品种Adalay（Paspalum vaginatum Sw.cv.Adalay）的颗粒状胚性愈伤组织为材料,在离体培养条件下研究不同剂量的60Coγ射线辐照对愈伤组织绿苗分化和植株再生的影响。结果显示,辐照剂量在20～50Gy时,辐照处理的愈伤组织分化绿苗的频率从94%左右降至85%;剂量在60～80Gy时,愈伤组织的绿苗分化率从76%左右降至30%左右,相对植株再生率从44.5%降至8.7%。60Gy为辐照处理海雀稗颗粒状愈伤组织的适宜剂量,辐照处理的愈伤组织在附加BAP2.0mg/L的愈伤组织分化培养基上,绿苗分化率在76%左右,分化的绿苗转到附加NAA0.5mg/L的生根培养基上,相对植株再生率为44.5%。SRAP分子标记测定结果显示,特异性SRAP标记与体细胞辐照诱变突变体相关。本研究建立起海雀稗体细胞60Coγ射线辐照诱变技术,为在细胞水平上开展海雀稗辐照诱变育种提供条件。