This study aims to investigate the differences in the microbial community structure of goat manure under various breeding environments, providing scientific evidence and theoretical support for healthy breeding practices. Gut microbiota is a key determinant of feed conversion, disease resistance and overall productivity in ruminants. The gut microbiome is an integral part of the digestive system. Its composition and functional traits markedly influence digestive efficiency, immune development, gut homeostasis and reproductive performance. Using four goat dairy farms in the Yangling, Shaanxi Province as study subjects, fecal samples were collected and analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing technology, combined with α-diversity indices and β-diversity analysis. The results revealed significant differences in the microbial community structure of goat feces across different farms, with each farm exhibiting unique microbial communities. Each farm harboured distinct microbial signatures and functional profiles, providing microbiota-based targets for precision management of Guanzhong dairy goats.

Bohuai goat is a crossbreeding breed between Huai goat and Boer goat, which has higher meat yield and reproductive efficiency. To explore the genetic basis of these traits, we sequenced the whole genome of 289 samples from 8 Chinese local goat populations and Boer goats. Through variation detection and genetic diversity analysis, we identified 68,166,098 SNPs and assessed genetic diversity parameters such as nucleotide diversity, linkage disequilibrium, and homozygous regions (ROH). The analysis of population structure showed that there was a close genetic relationship between Bohuai goat and Boer goat, which was significantly different from that of Chinese native breeds. Fst, Pi_ratio and XPEHH methods were used to analyze the low reproduction rate population of Bohuai goat.. We found a strong selection in a region of BMPR1B on chr6, which may be associated with the high fertility of Bohuai goats and was also detected in the Vst. In addition, a CNVR fragment (GLIS3 gene) was found to be associated with spermatogenesis in the detection of CNV analysis. Our results provide insights for understanding the genetic diversity and selection of reproductive traits of Bohuai goats. They also offer evidence for the correlation between the BMPR1B gene and reproductive traits and provide information for molecular breeding strategies of other goat breeds.

BACKGROUND:The unique pelage composition and developmental pattern endow hairy sheep with superior heat tolerance and minimized wool-shearing needs, compared with coarse-woolly sheep. However, the genetic mechanisms underlying pelage differentiation between these two sheep types remain incompletely understood to date, thereby limiting the development of molecular breeding strategies for cultivating climate-resilient and cost-effective sheep breeds in climate-changing era. RESULTS:Through integrated histomorphometric and transcriptomic analysis of Australian White Sheep (AWS, hairy phenotype) and Hu Sheep (HS, coarse-woolly phenotype), we identified three distinct evolutionarily conserved fiber types in AWS (heavily medullated kemp, medullated crimp hair, and non-medullated wool). In contrast, HS exhibited a bimodal fiber distribution without kemp fibers. Compared with AWS, HS had significantly longer hair fibers and markedly reduced subcutaneous adiposity. Transcriptomic profiling identified 370 differentially expressed genes (DEGs): genes enriched in AWS (e.g., DGAT2L6, FOXO6, CIDEA, ADIG) were clustered in lipid metabolism pathways, while genes upregulated in HS (e.g., CSN2, LOC101102413, CSF3R, CXCR2) were significantly associated with immunomodulatory functions. Additionally, hair intermediate filament- and matrix-associated candidate genes (e.g., LOC114113348/KAP20-2, LOC101111178/KRT6A) and EDA2R exhibited breed-specific expression patterns, which were respectively linked to differences in fiber curvature and length. CONCLUSION:Our integrated analysis identifies subcutaneous adiposity and immunoregulation as novel potential key modulators of pelage phenotype divergence between hairy and coarse-woolly sheep-with candidate genes (e.g., KAP20-2, KRT6A, EDA2R) linked to breed-specific fiber traits (e.g., curvature, length). The identified genetic signatures further offer potential actionable targets for precision breeding of climate-resilient and cost-effective sheep, addressing the gap in molecular strategies for pelage-related traits improvement.

Litter size traits of sows are crucial for the economic benefits of the pig industry. Three phenotypic traits of 1,206 Large White pigs, the total number born (TNB), number born alive (NBA), and number of healthy piglets (NHP), were recorded. We evaluated a series of genomic best linear unbiased prediction models that sequentially added additive effects (model A), dominance effects (model A + D), and epistatic effects (model A + D + AA, model A + D + AA + AD, and model A + D + AA + AD + DD) using chip data and imputed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data to estimate genetic parameters and predictive accuracy. The reproductive traits of sows showed low heritability in this study, with narrow heritability of the 3 traits ranging from 0.030 to 0.064, and broad heritability ranging from 0.125 to 0.145. The inclusion of nonadditive effects in the model improved the accuracy of genomic selection. In the chip data, compared with that of the A model, the A + D + AA + AD + DD model showed the greatest increase in accuracy for TNB, NBA, and NHP, with improvements of 1.78%, 1.67%, and 1.74%, respectively. Additionally, the accuracy of the imputed WGS data was greater compared to the chip data. For the TNB, NBA, and NHP traits, the predictive accuracy of the imputed WGS data improved by 3.26%, 7.72%, and 3.00%, respectively, compared with that of the chip data. In summary, these results suggest that nonadditive effects in genomic selection could improve prediction accuracy and should be considered in pig genomic evaluation procedures.

BACKGROUND:High-quality goatskins are valuable byproducts usually produced by indigenous goat breeds with poorer production performance in Asia and Africa. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underpinning goatskin's biomechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength) remain elusive. Mechanistic exploration of these traits could greatly aid the genetic improvement and genetic resource conservation of native breeds in these regions. To fulfill this purpose, we collected skin tissues from three goat breeds: Huai goat (HG), a Chinese native variety producing high-quality goatskins; Yudong meat goat (YDMG), a crossbreed of HG and Boer goat; Henan dairy goat (HNDG), a dairy goat breed. RESULTS:Scanning electronic microscopy analysis of skin tissues found that the collagen fiber diameters, collagen fibril diameters, and crimps significantly differed among the three goat breeds; however, collagen fibril diameters are similar in HG and HNDG. A sum of 230, 775, and 86 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from YDMG versus HNDG, HG versus HNDG, and YDMG versus HG, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that signaling pathways involved in fatty acid, retinol, steroid metabolisms, and GO items related to the physical properties of the skin (e.g., collagen-containing extracellular matrix) are significantly overrepresented in DEGs identified from meat versus dairy goats. Furthermore, 106 DEGs (e.g., COL1A1, COL1A2, and SPARC) showed specific expression patterns in HG and YDMG versus HNDG. Items about biophysical features of skin (e.g., extracellular matrix organization and ECM proteoglycans) are markedly enriched. Protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that two growth factors (IGF1 and PDGFD) are latent collagen and other ECM protein expression modulators. CONCLUSION:Ultrastructural analysis of goat skin tissues suggested that collagen fibril diameter is not a major factor affecting goatskin quality. Transcriptomic profiles unveiled core genes and associated biological processes potentially involved in regulating goatskin quality. These discoveries shined new light on deeper understanding the mechanisms of hide-related traits in goat and other livestock.

Background High-quality goatskins are valuable byproducts usually produced by indigenous goat breeds with poorer production performance in Asia and Africa. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms underpinning goatskin's biomechanical properties (e.g., tensile strength) remain elusive. Mechanistic exploration of these traits could greatly aid the genetic improvement and genetic resource conservation of native breeds in these regions. To fulfill this purpose, we collected skin tissues from three goat breeds: huai goat (HG), a Chinese native variety producing high-quality goatskins; yudong meat goat (YDMG), a crossbreed of HG and Boer goat; Henan dairy goat (HNDG), a dairy goat breed. Results Scanning electronic microscopy analysis of skin tissues found that the collagen fiber diameters, collagen fibril diameters, and crimps significantly differed among the three goat breeds; however, collagen fibril diameters are similar in HG and HNDG. A sum of 230, 775, and 86 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from YDMG versus HNDG, HG versus HNDG, and YDMG versus HG, respectively. Functional enrichment analysis suggested that signaling pathways involved in fatty acid, retinol, steroid metabolisms, and GO items related to the physical properties of the skin (e.g., collagen-containing extracellular matrix) are significantly overrepresented in DEGs identified from meat versus dairy goats. Furthermore, 106 DEGs (e.g., COL1A1, COL1A2, and SPARC) showed specific expression patterns in HG and YDMG versus HNDG. Items about biophysical features of skin (e.g., extracellular matrix organization and ECM proteoglycans) are markedly enriched. Protein-protein interaction analysis suggested that two growth factors (IGF1 and PDGFD) are latent collagen and other ECM protein expression modulators. Conclusion Our study provided preliminary ultrastructural and transcriptomic insights into factors and molecular mechanisms potentially governing goatskin quality. Furthermore, a group of genes, hormones, and growth factors involved in the development and structure of goat skin tissues were identified.

(1) Background: Copy number variation (CNV) is a critical component of genome structural variation and has garnered significant attention. High-throughput screening of the KCNJ15 gene has revealed a correlation between the CNV region and the growth traits of goats. We aimed to identify the CNV of the KCNJ15 gene in five goat breeds and analyze its association with growth characteristics. (2) Methods: We utilized 706 goats from five breeds: Guizhou black goat (GZB), Guizhou white goat (GZW), Bohuai goat (BH), Huai goat (HH), and Taihang goat (TH). To evaluate the number of copies of the KCNJ15 gene using qPCR, we analyzed the correlation between the CNV and growth characteristics and then used a universal linear model. The findings revealed variations in the distribution of different copy number types among the different goat breeds. (3) Results: Association analysis revealed a positive influence of the CNV in the KCNJ15 gene on goat growth. In GZB, individuals with duplication types exhibited superior performance in terms of cannon bone circumference (p < 0.05). In HH, individuals with duplication types exhibited superior performance in terms of body slanting length (p < 0.05). Conversely, normal TH demonstrated better body height and body weight (p < 0.05), while in GZW, when CN = 3, it performed better than other types in terms of body weight and chest circumference (p < 0.05). However, in BH, it had no significant effect on growth traits. (4) Conclusions: We confirmed that the CNV in the KCNJ15 gene significantly influences the growth characteristics of four distinct goat breeds. The correlation between KCNJ15 gene CNVs and goat growth traits offers valuable insights to breeders, enabling them to employ precise and efficient breeding methods that enhance livestock welfare, productivity, and overall economic benefits in the industry.

旨在系统比较初产母猪囊肿卵巢与发情卵巢的转录组水平表达的变化,探索母猪卵巢囊肿发生的遗传机制.以初产母猪的囊肿卵巢和发情卵巢为研究对像,用Illumina NovaSeq 6000测序系统进行转录组测序及生物信息学分析.结果表明,构建的6个cDNA文库中共得到46.68 Gb原始序列(Raw reads),质控处理后获得42.02 Gb纯净序列(Clean reads),各样品的Clean reads大小均达到6.74 Gb以上,与参考基因组(Sus scrofa 11.1)的比对率为97.33%～97.79%.与发情卵巢相比,从囊肿卵巢中共筛选到335个差异表达基因,其中上调表达的基因有121个,下调表达的基因有214个.另外,有4559个新转录本被发掘,与发情卵巢相比,有53个新转录本在相对表达量上存在显著差异,其中上调表达的有18个,下调表达的有35个.GO及KEGG通路分析结果显示,差异表达基因在多个与发生卵巢囊肿相关的通路中富集,如胆固醇代谢通路、Ⅰ型糖尿病通路、Ⅱ型糖尿病通路、糖尿病并发症中晚期糖基化终产物及其受体(AGE-RAGE)信号通路等.利用CytoHubba插件从差异表达基因的蛋白质-蛋白质互作(PPI)网络中筛选到10个核心节点基因,这些基因主要参与癌症通路、细胞凋亡通路、趋化因子活性通路、糖尿病并发症中AGE-RAGE信号通路,并在肿瘤发生、多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)并发症、卵泡闭锁、卵巢老化等方面发挥作用.通路及核心基因的功能分析结果表明,糖尿病并发症中AGE-RAGE信号通路、CXCL12基因与卵巢囊肿高度相关,机体炎症和胰岛素功能异常可能是导致初产母猪卵巢囊肿病变的主要因素.研究结果可为揭示母猪卵巢囊肿的分子遗传机制提供重要理论依据,同时可为解析人类卵巢囊肿的遗传机制提供参考.

Cross breeding is an important way to improve livestock performance. As an important livestock and poultry resource in Henan Province of China, Bohuai goat was formed by crossing Boer goat and Huai goat. After more than 20 years of breeding, BoHuai goats showed many advantages, such as fast growth, good reproductive performance, and high meat yield. In order to better develop and protect Bohuai goats, we sequenced the whole genomes of 30 BoHuai goats and 5 Huai goats to analyze the genetic diversity, population structure and genomic regions under selection of BoHuai goat. Furthermore, we used 126 published genomes of world-wide goat to characterize the genomic variation of BoHuai goat. The results showed that the nucleotide diversity of BoHuai goats was lower and the degree of linkage imbalance was higher than that of other breeds. The analysis of population structure showed that BoHuai goats have obvious differences from other goat breeds. In addition, the BoHuai goat is more closely related to the Boer goat than the Huai goat and is highly similar to the Boer goat. Group by selection signal in the BoHuai goat study, we found that one region on chromosome 7 shows a very strong selection signal, which suggests that it could well be the segment region under the intense artificial selection results. Through selective sweeps, we detected some genes related to important traits such as lipid metabolism (LDLR, STAR, ANGPTL8), fertility (STAR), and disease resistance (CD274, DHPS, PDCD1LG2). In this paper, we elucidated the genomic variation, ancestry composition, and selective signals related to important economic traits in BoHuai goats. Our studies on the genome of BoHuai goats will not only help to understand the characteristics of the crossbred but also provide a basis for the improvement of cross-breeding programs.

开展种羊场动物疫病净化是消灭重点羊病的科学路径,也是羊病防控的最终目标.该文针对当前我国羊病防控面临的形势,阐述了种羊场开展动物疫病净化的必要性和重要意义,结合动物疫病净化工作新要求和实践经验,从净化工作团队、屏障设施建设、饲养标识和无害化管理、生物安全管理、主要羊病监测净化、记录档案管理等方面提出了详细建议,以期为种羊场开展动物疫病净化工作提供指导和参考.

试验旨在研究在日粮中添加绿原酸对母猪繁殖性能的影响.选取48头体重相近、胎次相近、同期发情的妊娠母猪,随机分4组,每组4个重复,每个重复3头猪.对照组母猪饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组分别在基础日粮中添加200、400、600 mg/kg绿原酸.结果显示,试验Ⅱ组母猪产仔总数、产活仔数、产健仔数、仔猪初生窝重均显著高于其他组(P<0.05).试验Ⅱ组21 d断奶仔数、断奶窝重显著高于其他组(P<0.05).试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组母猪血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05).与对照组相比,试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组仔猪血清IgG、IgA、IgM含量显著提高(P<0.05).研究表明,绿原酸可以提高母猪繁殖性能,增强母猪和仔猪的免疫力,适宜添加水平为400 mg/kg.

为了探讨采精频率对杜洛克、大白、长白种公猪精液品质的影响,并确定不同品种种公猪的最佳采精频率,试验选取12月龄体重相近的健康杜洛克、大白、长白种公猪各6头,分5个不同采精频率阶段采精,即第1阶段(A组)为1次/1 d,第2阶段(B组)为1次/2 d,第3阶段(C组)为1次/3 d,第4阶段(D组)为1次/4d,第5阶段(E组)为1次/5 d,每个阶段采精3次,一个阶段采精完成后,公猪休息一周,然后开始下一个阶段采精,采精完成后对每份精液的精液量及精子密度、活率和畸形率指标进行统计分析.结果表明:三个品种种公猪精液量及精子密度和活率随采精频率的降低均总体呈升高趋势,精子畸形率随着采精频率的降低呈现下降趋势;杜洛克种公猪C组的精液量、精子密度、精子活率较佳,E组精子畸形率最低,但与B、C、D三组精子畸形率差异不显著(P＞0.05);大白种公猪B组精液量较佳,D组精子密度较佳,C组精子活率较佳,E组精子畸形率最低,与D组精子畸形率差异不显著(P＞0.05);长白种公猪C组精液量较佳,D组精子密度较佳,C组精子活率较佳,E组精子畸形率最低,与D组精子畸形率差异不显著(P＞0.05).说明采精频率高会降低种公猪的精液品质,综合考虑猪场经济效益,杜洛克种公猪的最佳采精频率为1次/3 d,大白和长白种公猪的最佳采精频率均为1次/4 d.

CNVs (copy number variations) are the novel and common structural variants that could cover entire genes found in plenty of species. CNV may influence economically important traits or disease susceptibility in livestock species. Based on the whole genome resequencing results, we found that there was a CNV region on the LRRFIP1 gene. Then we used qPCR to detect the copy number type distribution in 553 individuals of four sheep breeds and used them for association analysis. The results showed that: (1) In the CKS, the sheep with gain type had a larger heart girth (p = 0.049). (2) For the HS, the CNV could significantly affect rump breadth (p = 0.037) and circumference of the cannon (p = 0.035). And the sheep with median type showed better performance in rump breadth and circumference of cannon. (3) At the STHS, the CNV was significantly correlated with chest width (p = 0.000) with loss type as the most favorable CNV type. Meanwhile, the best was the loss type, and the lowest was the median. (4) This CNV had no significant effect on the LTHS. So, the CNV of LRRFIP1 was related to the growth traits of these three sheep breeds and it may be used as a molecular marker for sheep.

Abstract Copy number variation is caused by the rearrangement of the genome, and it has gradually become a method to study the effect of gene polymorphism on gene expression.The effects of genetic polymorphisms on livestock development are increasingly important in molecular breeding.Chinese goats have the advantages of high reproductive rate and good environmental adaptability, but there are still some obvious defects in the growth and development of goats, such as poor meat production performance and slow growth. In order to improve the growth performance and market competitiveness of Chinese goats and promote the development of Chinese goat industry, a lot of research has been done on effective molecular markers. In this study, qPCR and data association analysis were used to detect and analyze the correlation effect of GPR157 gene copy number variation in Chinese goats. The results showed that the GPR157 gene had a significant effect on the growth traits of four Chinese goats, and it was the basic material and effective information for molecular marker breeding of goats. GPR157 is a G protein-coupled receptor located on the primary cilia of RGPs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and can bind to Gq-like G proteins through GPR157-Gq-IP3 signaling and participate in neuronal differentiation. The research of GPR157 gene mainly focuses on neurodevelopment and diseases such as high myopia, and there are few studies on animal breeding.In this study, 633 blood samples were collected from five Chinese goat breeds (Guizhou black goat, GB; Guizhou white goat, GW; Taihang black goat, TB; Bohuai hybrid goat, GH; and Henan Huai goat, HH) for GPR157 gene CNV type detection. The correlation between CNV types and growth traits was analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software and analysis of variance.The results showed that the distribution of different copy number types in different breeds of goats was different.In GH sheep, the frequency of deletion type is higher than other breeds, close to 50%, in HH sheep, the frequency of deletion type is close to 40%; in TH sheep, the frequency of duplication type exceeds 80%; in and BH sheep The frequency is slightly higher than GB, about 23%,Association analysis showed that the CNV of the GPR157 gene had a positive effect on the growth and development of goats:In GH sheep, individuals with deletion copy number performed better than copy copy number individuals in terms of body height and length (P < 0.01). The functional role and molecular mechanism of GPR157 gene in animal growth and development are still unclear, and further research is needed. This study aims to provide basic materials for molecular breeding of Chinese goats.

旨在研究葡萄籽原花青素(grape seed procyanidins,GSP)抑制颗粒细胞氧化损伤的作用及其可能机制.腹腔注射 3-硝基丙酸(3-nitro-propionic acid,3-NP)诱导小鼠卵泡氧化损伤,并补充GSP进行干预处理;体外分离培养小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞,通过抑制或过表达miR-181a,研究原花青素B2(grape seed procyanidin B2,GSPB2)通过下调miR-181a抑制颗粒细胞氧化损伤的作用.采用定量PCR方法检测miR-181a表达水平,应用四甲基偶氮唑盐(methylthiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT)法检测细胞活力,利用免疫组化法检测活化天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶-3(cleaved caspase-3),应用酶标仪法检测半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)活性,采用双荧光素酶报告基因检测 miR-181a 和转化生长因子 β 受体Ⅰ(TGFBR1)的靶向调控关系,使用原位末端标记法(TUNEL)染色检测颗粒细胞凋亡情况,应用Western blot法检测TGFBR1 蛋白水平.结果显示:在动物试验中,与对照组相比,3-NP组颗粒细胞活力显著降低(P＜0.05);同时caspase-3 活性、cleaved caspase-3 蛋白及miR-181a表达明显升高(P＜0.05);而GSP干预处理可扭转上述各指标的改变(P＜0.05).双荧光素酶报告试验结果显示,TGFBR1 为miR-181a的靶基因;进一步分析发现,与对照组相比,miR-181a 模拟物转染后 TGFBR1 蛋白表达和细胞活力均显著降低(P＜0.05),而 miR-181a 抑制剂转染后TGFBR1 蛋白表达和细胞活力均显著升高(P＜0.05).在细胞试验中,与对照组比较,H2 O2 组细胞中miR-181a表达升高,TGFBR1 表达降低(P＜0.05),细胞活力下降,caspase-3 活性和细胞凋亡率均显著升高;而GSPB2 预处理可扭转上述各指标的改变(P＜0.05).综上,GSP可抑制颗粒细胞的氧化损伤,其作用可能是通过抑制miR-181a表达而调控TGFBR1 表达实现.

加快推进畜禽粪污资源化利用是解决畜禽养殖污染,实现畜牧业绿色发展的根本途径.笔者通过实地调研、查阅资料、座谈交流等形式,分析了豫西山区畜牧业绿色发展的典型模式、畜禽粪污资源化利用存在的问题,并针对存在的问题提出对策建议,以期为推动豫西山区畜牧业绿色发展提供参考.

Recently, Coiled-coil serine-rich protein 1 (CCSER1) gene is reported to be related to economic traits in livestock, and become a hotspot. In our study, we detected CCSER1 gene CNV in 693 goats from six breeds (GZB, GZW, AN, BH, HG, TH) by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and the association analysis between the types of CNV and growth traits. Then, CCSER1 gene expression pattern was discovered in seven tissues from NB goats. Our results showed that the CCSER1 gene copy numbers were distributed differently in the aforementioned six breeds. The type of CCSER1 gene CNV was significantly associated with body weight and heart girth traits in GZW goat, in which individuals with deletion type were dominant in body weight trait (P < 0.05), while the normal type individuals were more advantageous in heart girth trait (P < 0.01); and there was a significant association with heart girth in TH goat (P < 0.05), which normal type was the dominant one. The expression profile revealed that CCSER1 gene has the highest level in the lung, followed by the small intestine and heart. In conclusion, our result is dedicated to an in-depth study of the novel CCSER1 gene CNV site and to provide essential information for Chinese goats molecular selective breeding in the future.

生长性状是猪重要的经济性状之一,提升生长性状是生猪遗传改良的主要目标.为鉴定与猪生长性状显著相关的位点,筛选与猪生长性状相关的功能基因,本研究利用GeneSeek Genomic Profiler(GGP)猪 50K SNP芯片对 1805 头大白猪百公斤日龄(Age to 100 kg,AGE)、百公斤背膘厚(Backfat Thickness to 100 kg,BF)、眼肌深度(Loin Muscle Depth,LMD)3 个性状进行全基因组关联分析.结果显示,AIREMLF90 软件计算AGE、BF和LMD遗传力分别是 0.17、0.53 和 0.28,属于中高遗传力性状.AGE与BF遗传相关为-0.08,表型相关为-0.16,均为负相关关系.AGE与LMD遗传相关为-0.11,表型相关为-0.36,均为负相关关系.BF与LMD遗传相关为 0.04,表型相关为 0.12,均为正相关关系.AGE筛选到 6 个全基因组水平显著SNPs和 10 个染色体水平显著SNPs,BF筛选到 11 个全基因组水平显著SNPs和 10 个染色体水平显著SNPs,LMD筛选到 3 个全基因组水平显著SNPs和 11 个染色体水平显著SNPs.利用Ensembl数据库Sus Scrofa 11.1 版本信息,对关联显著SNP位点上下游 500 kb内编码蛋白基因进行筛查.3 个性状共鉴定到MYF5、MYF6、ECHS1、ELOVL3、FGF8、CECR2、RBFOX1、PLXNA2等 36 个生长性状相关基因.GO和KEGG富集分析结果显示这些基因主要参与胚胎骨骼系统形态发生、骨骼发育、脂肪细胞分化调节等通路.本研究筛选到的候选位点和基因,为分子育种提供了一定的理论参考价值.

Copy number variant (CNV), a common genetic polymorphism, is closely related to the phenotypic variation traits of organisms. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 gene (VAMP7) codes a protein, which is a member of the SNARE proteins family and plays an important role in the process of intracellular vesicle transport. In this study, a total of four cattle breeds (Yunling cattle, Xianan cattle, Pinan cattle, Jiaxian red cattle) were used to investigate the copy numbers, and we found an association relationship between CNV of VAMP7 gene and growth traits of cattle by SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that the CNV type of VAMP7 gene in four cattle breeds had the same distribution, Duplication type occupies a dominant position among the four varieties. In Yunling cattle, the Duplication type of VAMP7 is significantly related to the height at the hip cross (p < 0.05), Individuals with Duplication type commonly have less performance on growth and development, which indicates that the Duplication type of the VAMP7 gene may have a negative effect on cattle growth. Individuals with the other two CNV types may become the breeding direction of the VAMP7 gene. This study provided a new perspective and basic material for the molecular genetics of the CNV of the VAMP7 gene, and also promoted the breeding progress of Chinese local cattle.

In order to explore the effects of feeding roughage on growth and development, serological indexes, antioxidant and slaughter performance of newborn male lambs of Boer×Huai goats. Ninety of newborn male lambs of Boer×Huai goats with similar body weight were randomly divided into control group and experimental group（basal diet supplemented with 10% alfalfa） with 3 replicates in each group and 15 lambs in each replicate. The lambs were fed from 7 to 90 d, and then fed the TMR diet to 180 d.The growth and development characteristics, serological, antioxidant and slaughter indexes were measured. The results showed that at 90 d, the body weight, body height and body length of goats in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P＜0.05）; At 180 d, the body weight, body length and chest circumference of goats in the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P＜0.05）, the total protein and insulin-like growth factor-1（IGF-1） of goats in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group（P＜0.05）, and the serum superoxide dismutase in the experimental group was significantly increased（P＜0.05）.In terms of slaughter performance, live weight of lambs in experimental group was significantly higher than that in control group（P＜0.05）, but no significant differences were found among other indexes（P＞0.05）.The results indicated that feeding roughage could promote the growth and development of newborn male lambs of Boer×Huai goats, increase the contents of total protein, IGF-1 and superoxide dismutase in serum, however, had no significant effect on slaughter performance.