棕背平鼠是林地发展的主要危害之一,因为大量的棕背平鼠会啃食幼苗,造成林地中的幼苗死亡.并且根据河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局新丰林场的统计,每年因为棕背平鼠的啃食,造成了30％以上的幼苗死亡,带来了巨大的经济损失.并且每年的4-9月份是棕背平鼠的繁殖季节,在这段时间中,棕背平鼠数量急剧增加,鼠患不仅仅影响人工造林,而且还会对周围的生态环境造成破坏.周围植被覆盖率迅速降低,大量的动物失去食物,使当地生态平衡被打破.所以要想做好林业工作,实现周围植被覆盖率的提升,我们必须控制棕背平鼠的数量.本文结合了棕背平鼠的巢穴分布和活动距离进行了分析,并且阐述了鼠害防治的相关意义.

The article studied forest interior landscape quality of 4 typical forest stands in Saihanba using SBE method which include Larix principis rupprechtii plantation,Larix principis rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla mixed plantation,Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica lit.plantation and Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest.The results showed that SBE score of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation,Larix princip-is-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla mixed plantation were higher,followed by Pinus sylvestris var.mongholica Litv.,and Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest was the lowest;the SBE score was reduced significantly by some stand indicators including DBH below 15cm,stand density below 1250 plant/hm2 ,perspective distance below the tree height,vertical structure with tree,shrub and grass,shrub layer coverage greater than 90%,shrub average height greater than 1 m;3 indicators including density, stand structure (with tree,shrub and grass),shrub layer coverage(more than 90%)entered the regres-sion model,explaining 55.1%of the dependent variable,and had a negative correlation with SBE,indica-ting that the 3 indexes significantly reduced the scenic beauty of the stand;SBE score has no significant correlation with the biodiversity of shrub layer,so reducing height and coverage of shrub layer could in-crease the scenic beauty but not affect the biodiversity of shrub layer.

通过采取生物防治、化学防治、物理防治和加强抚育措施，对森林鼠害治理进行防治效果对比实验，在研究治理成效的同时，从成本分析其投入与生态效益和经济效益产出比例，结果显示：物理防治树干套管措施和割灌除草投入成本最低，产生的经济效益和生态效益最佳。

In this paper ,the occurrence and control measures of the forest rodent pest in the mountainous area of northern Hebei Province are studied ,using the trap capture and the sta-tistical method to investigate rodent species and density .Through step-driving investigation the number of main rodent species was determined and prevention effects of five measures in-cluding chemical control ,physical control ,biological agent control ,biological control and silviculture ware comparatively analyzed .The results showed that Clethrionomys ruf ocanus is the main rodent threating the security of regional forest resources and mainly harming pines with the damage peak occuring in July and August as the key prevention and control period .The physical control (stem casing) and silvicultural measure (brush weeding) proved to have the best control effect ,reaching 83% and 89% respectively ,with high maneuver-ability ,and feasibility for generalization in large area w hile biological control as a fundamen-tal solution to the forest rodent pes had a long-term effective cycle ,without obvious effect in the short time .As for the biological agent control it provwed to be the poorest .

As requested from the No.3 Document issued by the State Council in 2012, the ground water should be strictly managed and protected, the groundwater should be monitored continuously and the overall usage and the water level monitoring of the groundwater should be carried out. Based on the analysis of groundwater monitoring, development and utilization in China , this paper brought forward a set of monitoring assessment methods and evaluation principles, which is significant for supervisory assessment of the local groundwater.

This paper briefly introduced the groundwater conception model and its application, and emphatically introduced the establishment of correlation models and neutral network models for groundwater level prediction in alluvial fan porewater aquifer of dashahe-cihe region at Daqinghe groundwater aquifer system in Hebei Province. Issues such as replenishment of precipitation for ground water, mining yield of groundwater, boundary condition and initialization condition in groundwater prediction were discussed. Advantage and disadvantage of conception model and correlation model were also compared.

In this paper,a review is given to the historical evolution of Chinese forest right policies.And the background,main content and basic features forest right policies in different period are introduced.Also,some suggestions for forest right policy making are put forward.

The tending cutting is a main measure by which human behaviors act on forest in the process of forest management.This article reviews the effects of the current domestic and international forest tending cutting on stand regeneration,focusing on the influence of the intermediate cutting on microclimate,soil environment and renewal of undergrowth.Specifically,the research on the classified intermediate cutting for the future management was proposed and the experiment on the cluster shape cutting should be strengthened in the process of forest management.

The research on the plantation of Larixprincipis-rupprechtii at Weichang County of Hebei Province was conducted through determination of the shrub and grass,understory light conditions and soil properties,and analysis of correlation of the indicators on the growth of the shrub and grass at thinned and not thinned stands.The results showed that Shannon-Wiener index increase has the extremely remarkable correlation with the canopy coverage and soil capillary porosity.Canopy coverage degree,soil total porosity,capillary porosity and soil bulk density were significantly correlated(P0.05).The total porosity,capillary porosity and bulk density of the soil has the extremely remarkable correlation(P0.01),The total soil porosity and soil non-capillary porosity is significantly related(P0.05).According to principal component analysis,the light,soil porosity and soil nutrient elements affect the understory diversity together,but according to the prior analysis of variance of the indicators,the content of soil nutrient elements shows insignificant differences.Therefore,it can be concluded that the main factors of short-term effects on the understory diversity are supposed to be light(canopy coverage degree,canopy uniformity),water(soil water content).

The eight populations of tree layer in secondary forest of secondary poplar-birch forest which located in the mountainous region of northern Hebei Province were mensurated using the formula described of Levins and Pianka.Meanwhile,the niche of population and environmental adaptability was probed.The results showed:Betula platyphylla,Populus davidiana,Betula dahurica were main species,other species were associated.Betula platyphylla,Acer mono,Padus racemosa,Populus davidiana had greater niche breadth,with 0.8668,0.8541,0.7219,0.6829 respectively;but the niche breadth of Quercus mongolica and Malus baccata were smaller.There were 14 species counterparts which were less than 0.5 of the niche overlap,accounted for 50% of the total.Thirteen species counterparts niche overlaps was more than 0.5,which take up 46.43% of the total.One pair had no overlap,which was 3.57% of the total.The greater niche breadth species were main species which had broad adaptability.At the same time,they had greater niche overlaps with other species.

在12块标准地拍摄642张数码照片,分大、中、小3种视角测定了华北落叶松林分的郁闭度。结果表明:利用数码照片测定林分郁闭度是可行的,并具有较高的精确度。与抬头望法相比,当郁闭度较小时,利用数码照片测定的郁闭度偏大;而当郁闭度中等或较大时,测定结果相近或偏小。大视角数码照片比小视角数码照片的测定结果偏大,并具有较小的标准差,精确度较高。

Three mushroom coordinates were measured by quadrat method under Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations,and the distribution characteristics were studied by data fitting.The results showed that Ramaria obtusissima(Peck) Corner distribution is various in shapes of linear,cubic polynomial and lump pattern.Cantharellus infundibuliformis(Scop.) Fr.is in exponential and lump pattern.Armillariella mellea(Vahl.:Fr.) Karst is in form of distribution of lump.The distribution patterns of mushroom are diverse under Larix principis-rupprechtii plantations,and also an important part of ecological diversity.

The urban biodiversity is the important part of urban ecosystem.The paper makes each vegetation of green place in Baoding as target,analyze and compare the date come from survey and collecting.Result indicate the species in the urban focus in few big branch of study,for example Leguminosae,Gramineae,Composit and so on.the dominant species is concentrated.The herbages are most in life type,arbors are better,hardwood is the important role in plant community. The local trees have a bigger proportion in species origin,and the introduce species is also a important part of green place in Baoding.The mix of arbor,shrub and herbage is a mostly in apeak community.In different green place,the families,genera and specify in park is most abundant.the order of species is herbage,arbor,shrub,bine.The Pielou of arbor is highest,herbage is least,the diversity level of herbage layer is highest,arbor layer is least.In the end,the biodiversity protest of urban green place ask us not only a high Shannon-Wiener but also a high Pielou,and make good use of local species,introduce exotic species reasonably.

Trollius Chinensis Bge.is an important wild plant resource in North Hebei Mountain Area.By comprehensively investigating and analyzing using GPS and topographic map,habitat types of Trollius Chinensis Bge.is obtained,including wetland meadow,forest vacant land,understory,waste slope and gully.Topography and distribution characteristics are determined also.

For creating suitable soil environment for plant′s growing,we determined the pH of the compounded flowering plant cultivated soil and the soil of Baoding Botanical Garden.Adding different density of FeSO4 solution,acidified the soil,the result indicated the pH of flowering plant cultivated soil changes from minute alkaline to strong acid due to different proportioning of the cultivated soil.pH value of the garden′s soil was found slightly alkaline.After adding the acidic material,the pH reduced to neutral-minute acid which is suitable for plant′s growing.

阐述以蓄积量价格代替产材量价格的三项作业调查设计方法。

冀北山地处于我国华北、西北、东北的结合部地带,在经济、社会和文化上具有明显的典型性。该文以生态旅游理念为基础,总结出了冀北山地生态旅游的主要模式。

该文简述了发展森林旅游业的理论依据及当前国内、河北省森林旅游业的发展现状,指出国有林场和森林旅游有着天然的渊源,并进一步阐述国有林场开展森林旅游的主要策略和途径.

将主成分分析法应用到岗位评价中,在介绍了主成分分析法的原理之后,对YP钢铁责任有限公司的岗位进行了实证分析,并对结果进行了简明分析.

<全国水利信息化规划>(即"金水工程"规划)近日已编制完成,并已经水利部上报国家发改委和下发至各流域机构、各省(自治区、直辖市).本文阐述了<全国水利信息化规划>编制的目的、意义、原则和范围,并介绍了建设的目标、任务、主要内容以及近期建设项目情况.