在查阅资料和实地调查的基础上,探讨了腾格里沙漠植物资源类型、数量及特征,掌握了腾格里沙漠周边植物资源保护相关研究和保护机构功能及保护对象,分析了植物资源保护现状,提出了腾格里沙漠植物资源保护对策和措施.

通过查阅资料和实地观测对山柑科刺山柑的生物学特性、 生长规律、 物候特征及利用价值的进行了初步研究.研究结果表明:刺山柑生态幅宽,能耐高温(47.6℃)和低温(-28.8℃),适应能力极强.不同立地条件下刺山柑分枝数和冠幅存在差异,农田附近刺山柑冠幅显著高于丘间地,土壤水分是影响其生长的关键因子.刺山柑生长量最快为5～6月,8月以后生长量较小,地径和枝条生长量相一致.刺山柑花期较长,长达2个月,果实成熟期也长达1个月,果实要适时采收,防止老鼠采食果实自动开裂掉落.

综述了我国干旱荒漠区常见固沙及药用植物黄花补血草分布范围、种子萌发及抗逆性特征、育苗及人工栽培技术、生理生态特征及开发利用等方面的研究成果,并提出了今后研究的思路和方法.黄花补血草抗旱、耐旱,集固沙、园林应用及药用开发利用价值于一体,是干旱荒漠区难得的优良植物资源之一,今后要加强黄花补血草在干旱荒漠区退耕地植被恢复、城市周边区域园林绿化等方面的开发利用,为干旱荒漠区植被恢复和生态环境建设做出积极的贡献.

[Purpose] Niche characteristics of Potaninia mongolica community in the lower reach of Shiyang River were studied to determine the species ecological adaption to the environment,which provides the scientific basis for the protection,recover and reasonable use of P.mongolica community.[Method] By the use of importance value,niche breadth and niche overlap,the utilization of species of P.mongolica community to resources in the lower reach of Shiyang River was analyzed to show the structure and stability of P.mongolica community.[Results] (1) P.mongolica was the dominant species of the community,the importance value and the niche breadth of which were significantly higher than other species.(2) In the whole community,the niche breadth from large to small was as follows:Potaninia mongolica,Salsola passerina,Allium mongolicum Regel,Zygophyllum mucronatum Maxim.,Peganum nigellastrum Bge.,Anabasis brevifolia.(3) S.passerina and Z.mucronatum Maxim.had both higher niche breadth and P.mongolica niche overlap in the whole P.mongolica community;(4) The niche overlap of the other species in the P.mongolica community was generally low,except for the individuals,among which were relatively high.[Conclusion] The P.mongolica community was in a relatively stable stage in the lower reach of Shiyang River.P.mongolica,S.passerina,A.mongolicum Regel,Z.mucronatum Maxim.,P.nigellastrum Bge.,A.brevifolia play critical roles in the structure of the plant community due to the wider ecological amplitude.Also,the higher the niche breadth of the speciesis,the higher niche overlap with P.mongolicais.It means that P.mongolica competes with species that requires the similar ecological environment,such as S.passerina and Z.mucronatum Maxim.

通过开展实地调查,确定石羊河下游珍稀濒危植物主要有发菜、裸果木、绵刺、肉苁蓉、沙冬青、蒙古扁桃、沙拐枣、中麻黄、斑子麻黄、草麻黄、甘草、梭梭、胡杨、阿拉善单刺蓬等14种.综合分析了石羊河流域内由于工农业生产迅速发展,对水资源的需求大幅度增长,使流入下游的水量大幅度减少,导致下游极度缺水,植物死亡严重.该地区属贫困荒漠地区,受生态意识较低及经济利益的驱动,人类活动极其频繁,对自然生态环境的破坏和森林植被的破坏极为严重,一些经济价值和使用价值较高的植物极度退化,致使其成为稀有、濒危物种.本论述对石羊河下游珍稀濒危植物的保护对策作了初步探讨.

首次报道了Eryx miliaris在甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区的分布情况.红沙蟒的发现,对于认识理解该保护区生态系统平衡具有一定作用.

Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of mulching ways, seeds treatment and sowing depth on emergence of Prunus mon-golica seed.[ Method] Three factors randomized block design including coverage ways, seed treatment and sowing depth was conducted, the emergence of each treatment plot was recorded 1 times every 2 d, seedling emergence time, emergence ratio and emergence rate were adopted to describe seed emergence status.[Result] Mulching with plastic film, seedling emergence period was 8 d ahead of time, and 10 d in ad-vance.Emergence ratio and rate was improved significantly.Through boiling water soaking, warm water soaking and cold storage of mixed sand, emergence starting period and peak period was earlier than that of cold water soaking by 8-10 d, 12-14 d, respectively; emergence ratio was improved by 21.7 percents, 20.8 percents, 23.1 percents;emergence rate was improved by 1.39 times, 1.21 times and 1.45 times respectively.Soil coverage had significant influence on seeds emergence ratio and rate, the more thick of cover soil, the longer the emergence time and the lower the emergence rate.[Conclusion] Mulching with plastic film should be adopted for breeding in P.mongolica field, 1 cm thickness of soil coverage is suitable, using boiling water soaking, warm water soaking and cold storage of mixed sand according to different sit-uations.

We studied the community structure and species diversity characteristics of Potaninia mongolica community in the lower reaches of Shiyanghe River .A total of 30 species belonging to 27 genera in 10 families were identified in the surveyed plots, and the species were unitary and the families and genus are of scattered composition .The community density and coverage of shrub plants are obviously greater than those of perennial and annual herb plants .Community density is the maximum on the mountain valley , but the gravel desert is the minimum .There is no significant difference between moun-tainous valley and gravel desert in the community coverage , and the alluvial fan is the minimum .The species richness for Potaninia mongolica community is higher in the alluvial fan and mountainous valley than that in the gravel desert .The spe-cies diversity characteristics are more stable in the mountainous valley than that in the gravel desert .

梭梭绵蚧(Pulvinaria sp.)是石羊河下游干旱荒漠区危害梭梭人工林的主要害虫,可导致寄主枝干及嫩梢枯萎,严重时整个植株死亡.本文对梭梭绵蚧形态特征、生物学特性及发生规律进行观测,并提出综合防治技术.

通过对民勤干旱荒漠区人工梭梭林发生的梭梭绵蚧进行调查和观察,总结出了其发生特点,分析了其发生原因,提出了梭梭绵蚧综合防治技术.

9月13日～14日,甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区管理局、《武威日报·西凉晚刊》、北京墨舞红尘文学网站和北京大型文学期刊《红尘》杂志社联合举办了“魅力连古城瀚海生态美”生态文化采风活动.当代著名诗人、文学评论家、海南大学教授、《特区文学》诗歌主编徐敬亚,著名诗人、《诗歌月刊》主编李秀珊,著名诗人、诗歌流派网主编韩庆成,著名诗人、《山东文学》编辑部主任马启代等来自11个省市的65名作家、诗人参加了此次活动.

分析了我国沙拐枣属植物的分类、分布范围、繁育栽培技术、固沙造林技术以及生理生态特征,提出了沙拐枣属植物的开发利用方向.沙拐枣属植物在我国干旱区生态建设中具有十分重要的利用前景,今后应加强不同地域适生沙拐枣属植物的筛选研究工作,为不同立地环境选择出优质的沙拐枣植物.

Using pest risk analysis (PRA) method,the qualitative and quantitative analysis was conducted on the risk of dangerous forest pest of Leveillula saxaouli. The results showed that the risk R value of L. saxaouli is 2. 51,belonging to particularly dangerous forest pest. It is a serious threat on the windbreak and sand-fixation forest of Haloxylon ammodendron in arid desert area in the lower reaches of Shiyang River. In pest control,we should pay more attention to L. saxaouli and strengthen the risk management of the pests.

Based on survey of Kalidium foliatum community in arid desert region of the lower reaches of Shiyanghe River,and the results showed: species of Kalidium were Kalidium foliatum,K.gracile,K.schrenkianum and K.cuspidatum var.sinicum;companion species of community had plants of 11 families 19 genera and 28 species,which were made of herbaceous halophytes and halophytic shrub;world areal types were main of types of community plant families,Mediterranean areal,west Asia to central Asia areal variant and world areal composition were main of areal types of genera.

The grasshopper species in arid desert area of lower reaches of Shiyang river were investigated.The result showed that there were 31 species,20 genuses,7 families in the area,among which 2 species,1 genus,and 1families belonged to tetrigoidea and 29 species,19 genus,6 families belonged to acridoidea.According to fauna nature,there were 23 Palaearctic realm species,accounting for 74.2% of the total grasshoppers,8 cosmopolitan species,accounting for 25.8% and 6 endemic species,accounting for 19.4%.Controlling measures were put forward based on the distribution characteristic of grasshoppers in the area.

通过对民勤连古城自然保护区围栏封育效果进行定期观测调查,对围栏封育后植物种类、盖度和植被生长情况进行了分析,结果表明:该区植物种类相对贫乏,植物群落结构简单、种类成分单纯且分布不均匀。通过1～3a的围栏封育,该区内植物总种数稳定,不同群落的种数增加,植被盖度、密度、高度和冠幅明显提高,促进了干旱荒漠区退化植被的自然修复和顺向演替,用少量的投资和较短的时间达到比较好的保育效果。

Experiment on man-made simulated plane sowing afforestation of Artemisia desertorum in arid desert region of the Lower of Shiyang River.The results showed: 1) Sowing time from July to September was suitable for man-made simulated plane sowing afforestation of Artemisia desertorum,August was suitable for afforestation period,August was optimum month and other months were not suitable;2) Sand land with straw checkerboard barriers,inter-dunal lowland and semi-fixed sand dune were suitable for man-made simulated plane sowing afforestation of Artemisia desertorum,and mobile sand dunes was not suitable for man-made simulated plane sowing afforestation of Artemisia desertorum;3)The influences of comprehensive factors such as high temperature,drought,wind and precipitation on man-made simulated plane sowing afforestation of Artemisia desertorum was great,man-made simulated plane sowing afforestation of Artemisia desertorum was successful when the precipitation was less than 10 mm during sowing month.

Niche breadth and niche proportional similarity of 28 species in 5 dominant shrub populations in Liangucheng Natural Reserves of Minqin County were calculated and analyzed.The results showed that Bi≥0.5 were five,0.1Bi0.5 were thirteen,Bi≤0.1 were thirty-eight.That indicated that community structure is simple,and annual short-life plants may get into the communities while the niches of the dominant species decreased.Niche similarity rations of the species in the Potaniniamongolica,Kalidium cuspidatum and Oxytropis aciphylla were relatively smaller.Niche similarity rations of the species in the Ephedra przewalskii and Reaumuria soongorica were higher.That indicated that the dominant species of shrub layer has a higher resource utilization degree of similarity.The study provides scientific basis for rational use and management of plant resources in natural reserves.

Desert grassland resources and grassland degradation situation of Minqin were introduced and degradation causes caused inferior plant composition of desert grassland,declined grassland productivity and increasingly serious desertification of grassland habitat,etc.were analyzed.The results showed that they were caused by natural and human factors,and control countermeasures were put forward pertinently in this paper: combining administrative measures and technical measures of desert grassland in Minqin should be taken.

The natural rehabilitation of vegetation of 21 samples,63 quadrats from salinized abandoned-fields in Minqin oasis was studied by means of the method of spatio-temporal inter-substitution.The results showed that 22 species in 21 genera and 11 families had been found in the 50 years natural succession of vegetation after the fields abandoned.The succession of the vegetation in abandoned-fields mainly experienced five types of community were Convolvulus arvensis,Lepidium apetalum,Peganum harmala,Lycium ruthenicum and Kalidium foliatum community.In the whole course of succession,the natural restoration of vegetation in abandoned-fields can be divided into four stages as follows,the speedy restoration stage(1～2 years),primary subrogation stage(3～8 years),high-level subrogation stage(9～28 years) and slow restoration stage(after 29 years),and the change of Margale index,Simpon index and Shannon-wiener index is decreasing fluctuatly,the indices of Monk,Pielou and Alatalo are increasing fluctuatly.