[目的]掌握石羊河下游矮脚锦鸡儿群落生长状况.[方法]在对石羊河下游矮脚锦鸡儿群落实地调查的基础上,应用Simpson和Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数和Pielou物种均匀度指数对群落结构特征进行分析研究.[结果]石羊河下游矮脚锦鸡儿群落共有10科14属16种植物组成.植物区系组成简单,温带成分占优势.驼驼蒿、沙生针茅和蝎虎霸王对群落环境的形成有明显的控制作用.灌木和多年生草本在群落中占有重要地位.[结论]矮脚锦鸡儿群落物种多样性指数、群落均匀度高,群落较为稳定.

[目的]掌握石羊河下游柠条锦鸡儿群落近年来的生长状况.[方法]在对石羊河下游柠条锦鸡儿群落进行了实地调查的基础上,应用Simpson和Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数和Pielou物种均匀度指数对群落结构特征进行分析研究.[结果]石羊河下游柠条锦鸡儿群落共有 7 科,12 属,13 种植物组成.世界分布型的科和属除外,其余科和属均具有温带性质.柠条锦鸡儿在阿拉古山和红敖包两个分布区中,地位明显,对群落的结构、生态系统功能及稳定性具有重要作用.灌木层的重要值大于多年生草本和一年生草本植物,对群落的稳定性起关键作用.红敖包柠条锦鸡儿群落物种丰富度、多样性指数、群落均匀度均大于阿拉古山的柠条锦鸡儿群落.[结论]石羊河下游柠条锦鸡儿群落相对稳定.

党史学习教育开展以来,民勤连古城保护区管护中心党委认真贯彻落实省林业和草原局党组的部署安排,按照"学党史、悟思想、办实事、开新局"和"学史明理、学史增信、学史崇德、学史力行"目标要求,高点定位、统筹谋划、深入推进,推动保护区党史学习教育持续升温,取得了明显成效.

通过野外调查并查阅文献资料,甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区共有陆栖野生脊椎动物180种,隶属4纲28目63科115属.按区系划分,广布种88种,古北界91种,东洋界只有1种.分布型有10种,以北方类群为主.国家一级重点保护动物有11种,国家二级保护动物有30种.中国林蛙、白尾地鸦和荒漠沙蜥为中国特有种.G-F指数分析结果表明,保护区鸟类相对丰富,哺乳类次之,两栖爬行类最低.动物区系以蒙新区特点为主.

2018年7月和2019年7月,沿荒漠植物油蒿(Artemisia ordosica)天然分布地带,在内蒙古、宁夏、甘肃选取4个典型样地,采集油蒿根围土样和根样,研究丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiaze,AM)真菌地理分布以及土壤因子的生态功能.共分离鉴定6属32种AM真菌.在低海拔地区(1 000～1 300 m)和高海拔地区(1 600～1 900 m),球囊霉属(Glomus)和无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)为优势属;在中海拔地区(1 300～1 600 m),球囊霉属和斗管囊霉属(Funneliformis)为亚优势属;盾巨孢囊霉属(Scutellospora)在3个海拔地区均为偶见属,近明囊霉属(Claroideoglomus)在低海拔地区为偶见属,在高、中海拔地区为伴生属;缩管柄囊霉属(Septoglomus)在3个海拔地区均为伴生属.油蒿根围AM真菌定殖分布表现出空间分布特征:从东到西随海拔高度增加,菌丝、泡囊、总定殖率和定殖强度总体呈渐增趋势,最大定殖率为70％,最小定殖率为13.3％.主成分分析表明,氨氮、湿度、脲酶和速效磷是影响AM真菌分布的主要因子.相关性分析表明,海拔与酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶、脲酶、速效磷极显著正相关(P＜0.01),与有机碳显著正相关(P＜0.05),与总提取球囊霉素极显著负相关.

通过查阅资料和实地观测对山柑科刺山柑的生物学特性、 生长规律、 物候特征及利用价值的进行了初步研究.研究结果表明:刺山柑生态幅宽,能耐高温(47.6℃)和低温(-28.8℃),适应能力极强.不同立地条件下刺山柑分枝数和冠幅存在差异,农田附近刺山柑冠幅显著高于丘间地,土壤水分是影响其生长的关键因子.刺山柑生长量最快为5～6月,8月以后生长量较小,地径和枝条生长量相一致.刺山柑花期较长,长达2个月,果实成熟期也长达1个月,果实要适时采收,防止老鼠采食果实自动开裂掉落.

运用重要值、生态位宽度和生态位重叠度,对石羊河下游裸果木群落生态位特征进行研究,分析石羊河下游裸果木群落对资源的利用状况,揭示裸果木群落的结构和稳定性,以期明确裸果木群落各物种对环境的生态适应性及种间关系,为裸果木群落的保护、恢复和合理利用提供科学依据.结果表明:1)裸果木群落30个物种隶属13科28属.在裸果木群落中,裸果木的重要值和生态位宽度都明显高于群落中其他物种,为群落优势种,但裸果木群落极不稳定.2)在整个群落中生态位宽度从大到小依次是:裸果木、灌木亚菊、沙生针茅、猫头刺、泡泡刺、刺旋花、刺沙蓬、红砂等,在植物群落构建中起着重要的作用.3)生态位宽度大的物种与裸果木生态位重叠度成正比,生态位宽度和与裸果木生态位重叠度较大的物种有沙生针茅、灌木亚菊、猫头刺、泡泡刺、刺旋花等.4)裸果木群落中其它物种之间的生态位重叠程度总体偏低,只有个别的物种之间生态位重叠较大.

综述了我国干旱荒漠区常见固沙及药用植物黄花补血草分布范围、种子萌发及抗逆性特征、育苗及人工栽培技术、生理生态特征及开发利用等方面的研究成果,并提出了今后研究的思路和方法.黄花补血草抗旱、耐旱,集固沙、园林应用及药用开发利用价值于一体,是干旱荒漠区难得的优良植物资源之一,今后要加强黄花补血草在干旱荒漠区退耕地植被恢复、城市周边区域园林绿化等方面的开发利用,为干旱荒漠区植被恢复和生态环境建设做出积极的贡献.

对石羊河下游荒漠—绿洲交错带不同区域(绿洲边缘、交错带内及沙漠边缘)沙拐枣种群的数量动态及分布格局进行研究,结果表明,荒漠—绿洲交错带沙拐枣种群以中幼林为主体,为增长型种群.存活曲线趋于Deevey-Ⅱ、Ⅲ型;种群数量在第Ⅰ～Ⅳ龄级内波动较大,在第Ⅳ～Ⅴ龄级内种群数量趋于稳定,在第Ⅴ龄级以后,个体死亡现象又开始升高,呈现衰退趋势;种群期望寿命在Ⅰ～Ⅳ龄级较高.荒漠—绿洲交错带不同区域种群分布格局均呈现聚集分布;随着龄级的增大,种群分布格局由聚集分布趋向均匀分布.

探讨了干旱荒漠区育苗措施对蒙古扁桃苗木生长的影响,结果表明:(1)覆盖地膜的蒙古扁桃苗木平均冠幅、平均高度和平均地径比未覆盖地膜的分别高30.61个百分点、15.05个百分点和23.12个百分点,可在育苗生产中推广应用.(2)蒙古扁桃播种育苗中灌溉8次的苗木比灌溉6次的苗木稍高,但对冠幅和地径影响不大,在生产中以灌溉6次即可,即5、6月份每月灌溉1次,7、8月份每月灌溉2次.(3)施肥量50 g/m2与40 g/m2对苗木高度和冠幅的影响不大,施肥量50 g/m2的苗木地径稍粗,在生产中可施肥40～50g/m2.

This paper mainly studied the extinction risk and the classes of conservation priority of wild plants in the lower reaches of Shiyang River by using quantitative methods,based on field investigation from 2014 to 2016,as well as literature consulting.The degree of endangerment was evaluated quantitatively by 5 indices:distribution frequency of line-transect,distribution frequency of sample plot,existent abundance,distribution mode,and exclusiveness.The results showed that there were 7 endangered species,9 vulnerable species,10 near threatened species and 252 safe species in the lower reaches of Shiyang River.A comprehensive evaluation was carried out on the order of priority for conservation of plant species by endangerment index,genetic loss index and utility value index.Ten species were the first rank for protection,18 were in the second rank,and 250 were non-protection species.

[Purpose] Niche characteristics of Potaninia mongolica community in the lower reach of Shiyang River were studied to determine the species ecological adaption to the environment,which provides the scientific basis for the protection,recover and reasonable use of P.mongolica community.[Method] By the use of importance value,niche breadth and niche overlap,the utilization of species of P.mongolica community to resources in the lower reach of Shiyang River was analyzed to show the structure and stability of P.mongolica community.[Results] (1) P.mongolica was the dominant species of the community,the importance value and the niche breadth of which were significantly higher than other species.(2) In the whole community,the niche breadth from large to small was as follows:Potaninia mongolica,Salsola passerina,Allium mongolicum Regel,Zygophyllum mucronatum Maxim.,Peganum nigellastrum Bge.,Anabasis brevifolia.(3) S.passerina and Z.mucronatum Maxim.had both higher niche breadth and P.mongolica niche overlap in the whole P.mongolica community;(4) The niche overlap of the other species in the P.mongolica community was generally low,except for the individuals,among which were relatively high.[Conclusion] The P.mongolica community was in a relatively stable stage in the lower reach of Shiyang River.P.mongolica,S.passerina,A.mongolicum Regel,Z.mucronatum Maxim.,P.nigellastrum Bge.,A.brevifolia play critical roles in the structure of the plant community due to the wider ecological amplitude.Also,the higher the niche breadth of the speciesis,the higher niche overlap with P.mongolicais.It means that P.mongolica competes with species that requires the similar ecological environment,such as S.passerina and Z.mucronatum Maxim.

通过开展实地调查,确定石羊河下游珍稀濒危植物主要有发菜、裸果木、绵刺、肉苁蓉、沙冬青、蒙古扁桃、沙拐枣、中麻黄、斑子麻黄、草麻黄、甘草、梭梭、胡杨、阿拉善单刺蓬等14种.综合分析了石羊河流域内由于工农业生产迅速发展,对水资源的需求大幅度增长,使流入下游的水量大幅度减少,导致下游极度缺水,植物死亡严重.该地区属贫困荒漠地区,受生态意识较低及经济利益的驱动,人类活动极其频繁,对自然生态环境的破坏和森林植被的破坏极为严重,一些经济价值和使用价值较高的植物极度退化,致使其成为稀有、濒危物种.本论述对石羊河下游珍稀濒危植物的保护对策作了初步探讨.

首次报道了Eryx miliaris在甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区的分布情况.红沙蟒的发现,对于认识理解该保护区生态系统平衡具有一定作用.

Objective] The aim was to discuss the effects of mulching ways, seeds treatment and sowing depth on emergence of Prunus mon-golica seed.[ Method] Three factors randomized block design including coverage ways, seed treatment and sowing depth was conducted, the emergence of each treatment plot was recorded 1 times every 2 d, seedling emergence time, emergence ratio and emergence rate were adopted to describe seed emergence status.[Result] Mulching with plastic film, seedling emergence period was 8 d ahead of time, and 10 d in ad-vance.Emergence ratio and rate was improved significantly.Through boiling water soaking, warm water soaking and cold storage of mixed sand, emergence starting period and peak period was earlier than that of cold water soaking by 8-10 d, 12-14 d, respectively; emergence ratio was improved by 21.7 percents, 20.8 percents, 23.1 percents;emergence rate was improved by 1.39 times, 1.21 times and 1.45 times respectively.Soil coverage had significant influence on seeds emergence ratio and rate, the more thick of cover soil, the longer the emergence time and the lower the emergence rate.[Conclusion] Mulching with plastic film should be adopted for breeding in P.mongolica field, 1 cm thickness of soil coverage is suitable, using boiling water soaking, warm water soaking and cold storage of mixed sand according to different sit-uations.

We studied the community structure and species diversity characteristics of Potaninia mongolica community in the lower reaches of Shiyanghe River .A total of 30 species belonging to 27 genera in 10 families were identified in the surveyed plots, and the species were unitary and the families and genus are of scattered composition .The community density and coverage of shrub plants are obviously greater than those of perennial and annual herb plants .Community density is the maximum on the mountain valley , but the gravel desert is the minimum .There is no significant difference between moun-tainous valley and gravel desert in the community coverage , and the alluvial fan is the minimum .The species richness for Potaninia mongolica community is higher in the alluvial fan and mountainous valley than that in the gravel desert .The spe-cies diversity characteristics are more stable in the mountainous valley than that in the gravel desert .

9月13日～14日,甘肃民勤连古城国家级自然保护区管理局、《武威日报·西凉晚刊》、北京墨舞红尘文学网站和北京大型文学期刊《红尘》杂志社联合举办了“魅力连古城瀚海生态美”生态文化采风活动.当代著名诗人、文学评论家、海南大学教授、《特区文学》诗歌主编徐敬亚,著名诗人、《诗歌月刊》主编李秀珊,著名诗人、诗歌流派网主编韩庆成,著名诗人、《山东文学》编辑部主任马启代等来自11个省市的65名作家、诗人参加了此次活动.

分析了我国沙拐枣属植物的分类、分布范围、繁育栽培技术、固沙造林技术以及生理生态特征,提出了沙拐枣属植物的开发利用方向.沙拐枣属植物在我国干旱区生态建设中具有十分重要的利用前景,今后应加强不同地域适生沙拐枣属植物的筛选研究工作,为不同立地环境选择出优质的沙拐枣植物.

迎着清风朗日的春早,我们来到甘肃民勤连吉城保护区连古城保护站的老虎口.这里曾是民勤最大的风沙口,现如今,一望无际的荒漠中,到处摇曳着人工栽植的一排排、一行行梭梭.那是民勤连古城国家级自然保护区为民勤的防沙治沙和生态保护注入的新的活力.在保护区的建设和发展进程中,梭梭对恢复生态、调节气候、维护生态平衡、改善环境质量、特别对防风固沙发挥着极为重要的作用.保护区采取多种行之有效的保护措施,传承、发展着民勤历史上深厚、灿烂的文化,正在续写、描绘着民勤远古水草丰美、生态良好的诗画.

Based on survey of Kalidium foliatum community in arid desert region of the lower reaches of Shiyanghe River,and the results showed: species of Kalidium were Kalidium foliatum,K.gracile,K.schrenkianum and K.cuspidatum var.sinicum;companion species of community had plants of 11 families 19 genera and 28 species,which were made of herbaceous halophytes and halophytic shrub;world areal types were main of types of community plant families,Mediterranean areal,west Asia to central Asia areal variant and world areal composition were main of areal types of genera.