本研究以2010—2014年版《中国科技期刊引证报告(核心版)》收录的我国畜牧兽医学期刊为研究对象,选取了连续5年被收录的11种畜牧兽医学期刊,并对期刊总被引频次、影响因子、即年指标和他引率等8项文献计量学指标进行综合指标加权值分析.11种期刊的5年平均影响因子范围在0.1918~0.7725,平均值0.3829;并证实利用综合指标加权值或影响因子评价畜牧兽医学核心期刊学术影响力的结果虽有不同,但总体一致.通过对11种期刊影响因子的分析,以及与JASB成长模式的对比,为探究我国畜牧兽医学期刊的发展趋势以及寻求期刊持续发展的策略及有效途径提供依据.

《新农业》作为全国百强报刊,40多年来始终坚持为农业生产者当参谋,通过与时俱进、贴近读者的内容策划,最高订阅数量达39万份,累计总发行量近1亿份,深受读者信赖.本文以《新农业》杂志的主体栏目“养殖新技术”为例,阐述在栏目策划过程中要注意的关键点,以期为同行提供参考借鉴.

本研究以2010~2014年版《中国科技期刊引证报告（核心版）》收录的我国果树学5种相关专业期刊为研究对象，对期刊总被引频次、影响因子、即年指标和他引率等8项文献计量学指标进行德尔菲法综合指标加权值分析，发现5种期刊的5年平均综合指数排名和5年平均影响因子排名完全相同，《园艺学报》《果树学报》的综合指标加权值和影响因子明显高于其他3种期刊，证明《园艺学报》《果树学报》是果树学领域的学术权威期刊。

<正>经过30年的改革发展,我国畜牧业在社会主义市场经济条件下取得了巨大的进步,不仅为13亿中国人民提供了丰富的畜产品,为人民的身体健康提供了营养支撑;在农民的增收环节更是起到了越来越重要的作用,为解决"三农"问题提

违禁药物是威胁畜产品质量安全的重要因素,瘦肉精是畜牧业生产中违禁药物的一种。文章就瘦肉精的起源、危害性、瘦肉精中毒事件频发的原因以及如何建立一种长效的监管机制等问题提出一己之思考。

Objective This study was conducted to investigate the factors influencing the fertilization by intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) in rabbit oocytes.Methods In experiment 1,the effects of the time of oocyte collection after superovulation on in vitro development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection rabbit embryos were compared.In experiment 2,the different ways to activate oocytes after sperm injection were examined.In experiment 3,the effects of different state of sperm on in vitro development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection rabbit embryos were compared.Results(1) The cleavage rate,morula rate,and blastocyst rate after sperm injection into oocytes collected at 14 h after hCG administration were higher than that at 16 h,but the difference was statistically not significant(P0.05).Oocytes collected at 18 h after hCG administration were not cleaved after sperm injection.(2) the ICSI cleavage rates were 82.2% and 81.1%(P0.05),the morula rates were 72.9% and 66.2%(P0.05),and the blastocyst rates were 51.3% and 62.3%(P0.05) between machinery stimulation group and ionomycin + 6-dimethylaminopurine(DMAP) group,respectively.(3) the cleavage rate(81.1% and 68.8%) and blastocyst rate(62.3% and 40.4%) were significantly different(P0.05),the morula rate(66.2% and 61.9) was not significantly different(P0.05) between the fresh sperm and frozen-thawed live sperm.Conclusion With these fresh and frozen-thawed sperm,ICSI morulaes can be hatched,showing that the technique of intractoplasmic sperm injection in rabbit oocytes has been established.

Objective This paper described the use of piezo-driven micropipette for intracytoplasmic sperm injection(ICSI) of rabbit eggs and discussed the effects of time of oocyte collection after superovulation on in vitro development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection rabbit embryos.Results\ Oocytes were collected at 14 h,16 h,18 h after hCG administration.The ICSI fertilization rate were 82.2%,75.9% and 0.0%,respectively.The fertilized oocytes were further cultured in vitro.The morulae rates were 72.9%,70.0% and 0.0%,and the rates of blastocyst were 62.2%,53.3% and 0.0%,respectively.The rate of fertilization,morulae rate and the rate of blastocyst were not significantly different(P>0.05) between 14 h and 16 h groups,but were significantly different(P<0.05) between 14 h,16 h and 18 h groups,but oocytes collected at 14 h after hCG administration were better than that of 16 h after hCG treatment.Conclusion\ Oocytes collected at different time after hCG injection has different effect on the fertilization rate of oocytes and development rate of intracytoplasmic sperm injection rabbit embryos.Oocytes collected at 14 h after hCG injection are most beneficial to the development of intracytoplasmic sperm injection rabbit embryos.

Rabbit genomic DNAs derived from Japanese White Rabbits (JWR), Chinchilla Rabbits (CR) and New Zealand White Rabbits (NZWR) were analyzed with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique and the genetic variation among 3 rabbit strains were studied. The results showed that after 140 random primers in 7 sets were used to amplify the rabbit genomic DNA with PCR methods, 10 have been screened out on the preliminary experiments, including BH9,AD1,BH11,AN12,AN14,O19,AD3,AD19,O4 and O14. Two primers (AD1 and BH9) among the 10 are superior to others and could not only amplify the common DNA bands of 3 rabbit strain lines but also the different characteristic bands of each strain. 78 amplified fragments were detected by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Among them, 25 fragments were polymorphic, accounting for 32.1 %. It was showed that the RAPD polymorphisms among rabbit lines were abundant. The genetic similarity between JW rabbits and NZW rabbits was highest (0.8286) among 3 rabbit strains and the lowest genetic similarity between CR and JW is 0.6190. The amplified band patterns also showed that the genetic similarity inner a strain is bigger than among different strains. The RAPD technique could be used as a method to monitor genetic relationship among different rabbit strains.

精子胞质内显微受精(ICSI)在人方面已很成熟,但在啮齿类试验动物方面还有待进一步研究,作者就ICSI操作过程中的关键因素作一简要综述.

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(Porcine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome,PRRS)是20世纪80年代中后期出现的一种新的传染性疾病.由猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)引起,主要特点为怀孕母猪发生流产、早产、死胎、木乃伊胎等严重的繁殖障碍以及仔猪与育肥猪出现呼吸道症状.1987年该病首先在美国发生,随后在加拿大、欧洲各国和亚洲各地迅速流行.我国自1995年年底暴发此病,现己成为危害我国养猪业的主要疫病之一[1,2].PRRSV感染猪体的巨噬细胞系统引起机体的细胞免疫功能低下,而体内高水平的病毒特异性抗体又不足以清除病毒,造成猪体的持续性感染,己有证据表明,PRRSV感染引起脑脊液(CSF)疫苗产生的抗体水平下降[3].由于PRRSV感染引起的巨大危害,关于PRRS疫苗的研究也逐渐开展起来.目前,商品化或正在研究的PRRS疫苗有以下几类:

如今显微操作技术已广泛应用于体细胞核移植、转基因动物生产、人类辅助生殖等胚胎生物工程中,而在这些实验中很重要的一项是要制作出符合要求的显微操作针,本文介绍利用拉针仪、煅烧仪、磨针仪怎样制作符合实验要求的高质量的显微操作针.

为建立兔的胚胎库,探索一种效果稳定可靠、方法简捷的冷冻方法,试验选择冷冻管法一步式玻璃化冷冻保存兔胚胎,比较了不同冲胚时间对兔胚胎冷冻保存效果的影响。配种后65h冲胚保存效果好于60h和55h,复苏胚胎囊胚孵化率依次为:63.1%、62.5%和60.7%,差异不显著。不同预处理对冷冻效果的试验中,胚胎在4℃预处理4min保存效果最好,囊胚孵化率为71.5%。在4℃下2min的保存效果(21.6%)低于同组的其它处理,差异显著(P<0.05)。室温1min的保存效果略高于前者(31.0%),但显著低于同组其它处理(P<0.01)。优化冷冻过程以后,比较两品系的冷冻效果,青紫兰兔(Chinchilla Rabbit,CR)有效供体的平均胚胎数高于新西兰兔(New Zealand White Rabbit,NZWR),42.4±8.8vs38.9±5.5枚/只,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。胚胎移植后,新西兰兔6只受体1只死亡,5只妊娠,产活子38只,青紫兰受体5只有4只妊娠,共产活子28只。胚胎活子效率28.8%和25.9%(NZWR和CR),差异不显著。显示冷冻管一步法玻璃化冷冻保存兔胚的方法可以保存兔胚并获得子兔。

gp96(glucose-regulated protein,GRP94)是热休克蛋白90家族(HSP90 family)中的一员.由于其在维持内质网蛋白中间过渡态的空间构型以及免疫反应中有重要作用,因此近年来被作为分子伴侣蛋白和免疫佐剂引起广泛关注,但是关于gp96生物功能的彻底阐明还将依赖于对其结构的深入研究.在试验中我们构建了不同的gp96片段,旨在寻找gp96的重要功能区.通过凝胶分子筛和EGS交联实验,发现gp96中间酸性区可以调节gp96 N端的寡聚化状态;而固相ELISA实验显示,包含中间酸性区的N端重组蛋白与肽的结合有高度饱和性,这些结果表明中间酸性区对gp96的寡聚化以及多肽结合能力有内在的调节作用.这一研究对gp96生物功能的阐明以及临床应用提供了理论基础.

The objective of the present study was to examine the effect of Follicular stimulating hormone(FSH) and Luteinising hormone(LH) on in vitro maturation of porcine oocytes,and find the rational doses of them.Cumulus-oocyte complexes(COCs) with at least three layers of unexpanded cumulus cells and evenly granulated cytoplasm were selected.The basic medium for maturational culture of COCs was modified medium 199(mTCM-199) supplemented with 4.12mmol/L calcium lactate,0.91mmol/L sodium pyruvate,3.05mmol/L D-Glucose.Thereafter,mM199 was supplemented with different densities of FSH and LH(Ningbo,China).The COCs were culutured in the incubator at 39℃ in an atomosphere of 5% CO2.After culture for maturation for 48h,some of the oocytes were denuded to examine the presence of PBⅠ.The nuclear maturation were recorded as percentage of oocytes with PBⅠ.LH at 1,5,10 IU/mL,was supplemented in the maturation medium.the maturation rate of the treated groups was highly improved compared with the control(15.9%),They were 49.1%、30.0% and 36.3% separately.The highest maturation rate presented in group with LH at 1 IU/mL and was significantly different compared with the control(P<0.05).Then take the group with LH at 1 IU/mL as the control,FSH at 1,5,10 IU/mL and LH at 1 IU/mL were supplemented in the treated groups.The results showed the maturation rates of supplementation of FSH at 5 and 10 IU/mL(40.1%、27.6%) were lower than the control(49.0%),supplementation of FSH at 1 IU/mL improved the maturation rate(49.1%),but was not significantly different compared with the control(49.0%)(P>0.05).The results also showed that the maturation rate descended with the increase of the supplementation of FSH or LH.It was concluded that supplementation of FSH and LH,each at 1 IU/mL,can mostly improved the maturation rate.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of two different basic in vitro maturation(IVM) mediums(mTCM-199、NCSU23),concentration and treatment time of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin(PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) on IVM of porcine oocytes;furthermore,to examine the effect of ethanol and ethanol plus various chemical agents on parthenogenetic activation and the development of parthenogenetic embryos. The rational IVM maturation of porcine oocytes system is NCSU23+20IU/mlPMSG+20IU/mlHCG+10%PFF,of which the maturation rate was 70.3+3.9%.The best parthenogenetic activation concentration of ethanol was 8%( activation rate : 29.6+2.5%).The best activation length of exposure by 8% ethanol was 10 min(activation rate : 32.6+4.1% ). Activation by ethanol associated with CB+CHX got the highest activation rate(60.8+3.2%),and the rate of cleavage,3~4cells,8cells and more than 8cells were 45.1+3.0%, 28.6+3.7%, 8.7+1.2%,respectively.Treated by ethanol associated with CB+ 6-DMAP,the rates of activation, cleavage, 3~4 cells, 8cells and more than 8cells were 51.7+1.9%, 41.7+3.6%, 30.3+4.3%, 9.9+1.8%, respectively; although the rates of activation and cleavage were lower than that of ethanol plus CB+CHX, the rates of 3~4 cells, 8cells and more than 8cells were higher. These results indicate that the best method of activation of pig oocytes by ethanol plus various chemical agents was 8% ethanol treating for 10 min,and then oocytes treated by CB+6-DMAP for another 7 h.

45 Liaoning cashmere goats were divided into 3 groups:A、B、C,The estrus of goats were synchronized as the following protocols: A:CIDR+PMSG+FSH+PG(CIDR was inserted for 12d);B:CIDR+FSH+PG(CIDR was inserted for 12d);C:CIDR+PMSG+FSH+PG(CIDR was inserted for 16d).The results indicated that the rate of estrus synchronization was significant improved by injected PMSG 250IU at the beginning of superovulation(A-group:86.7% VS B-group:73.3%,P0.05);The estrus rate of treatment C higher than treatment A,but with no significant difference(A-group:86.7% VS C-group:93.3%,P0.05).

In the different outside factors,the nuclear injection of somatic cell cytoplast is made to improve efficiency of Porcine somatic nuclear transfer(NT)for finding new ways.Porcine oocytes from ovary in slaughter were made the operation of ejection,injection,activion in nuclear.The factors of porcine cumulus cells and fetal fibroblasts cells,serum starvation and different active times are studied to know the effection on the development of porcine somatic NT in vitro.The donor cells of porcine cumulus cells and fetal fibroblasts cells and porcine oocytes are combined to reconstruct embryos,there are not significantly different in cleavage.Porcine fetal fibroblasts cells for donor are through either serum starvation or not,there are not significantly different in cleavage.After nuclear injection,the mutual effect between donor cells and acceptors are active through 1-6h.It is good to promote the development of porcine reconstructed embryos.The donor cells of porcine cumulus cells and fetal fibroblasts cells and porcine oocytes are combined to reconstruct embryos,porcine fetal fibroblasts cells for donor are through either serum starvation or not,there are also not significantly different in cleavage.But the mutual effect between donor cells and acceptors are active through 1-6h to promote the development of porcine reconstructed embryos.

我国畜禽遗传资源丰富,特别是地方品种的优异种质特性,是几千年来多样化的自然生态环境所选择的结果,也是劳动人民长期选育的结果,许多优良地方畜禽品种具有适应性强、耐粗饲、繁殖率高和产品优质的特点。畜禽遗传资源保护是关系到养殖业持续发展和生物多样性的重大问题。作为生物多样性重要组成部分的家畜遗传资源库对当今和将来人类的食品和农业生产具有主要的经济、科学及文化价值。通过对动物遗传资源的现状、系统分类、评价方法,动物遗传资源的保存和利用研究进展的论述;并提出了保护好我国动物遗传资源的几点策略,为今后的保种工作提供参考。

嵌合体一词起源于古希腊神话,是指狮头、羊体、蛇尾的怪物.早在1901年Spemann就对两栖动物(蛙)进行了嵌合体研究,最早培育出嵌合体个体.大约经过半个世纪,人们才开始进行鸟类及哺乳动物嵌合体的研究.

Embryo-biotechnology plays a more and more important role in life sciences,including in vitro fertilization,microinjection of sperm and nuclear transfer,et al.Mitochondria,an energy-producing and important organelle in eucaryotic cells.This review sum up systematically the fate of mitochondria in nuclear transfer,in vitro fertilization and microinjection of sperm.