煤矿井下坑道钻探在保障煤矿安全高效开采、增加清洁能源供给、实现绿色发展等方面发挥着不可替代的作用.改革开放以来,我国煤矿井下坑道钻探技术与装备实现了"由无到有"向"由弱到强"的历史性跨越,依靠坑道钻探技术与装备科技创新,支撑煤矿地质保障能力持续增强.首先从矿井灾害防治、隐蔽致灾地质因素探查、煤层气资源开发和其他工程应用等方面,全面阐述了安全高效绿色开采对煤矿井下坑道钻探的需求,并结合煤矿井下坑道钻探领域专著、专利、论文、标准规范、获奖情况,系统回顾和总结了40年来我国煤矿井下坑道钻探技术与装备的发展历程和代表性成果.在坑道钻探技术与装备方面,提出和发展了煤矿井下坑道回转钻进技术、稳定组合钻具定向钻进技术和随钻测量定向钻进技术,实现了煤矿井下钻孔施工由"无控钻进"到"受控钻进"再到"精确定向钻进"的跨越;研制了坑道钻机、泥浆泵(车)、钻杆、钻头、螺杆钻具、随钻测量系统、冲洗液循环净化系统等装备,促进了煤矿井下坑道钻探装备国产化进程及其升级换代,形成了适应于我国煤层赋存地质条件和开采条件、同时具备自主知识产权的坑道钻探技术与装备体系,尤其是大功率定向钻进和自动化、智能化钻进技术与装备研发,使我国煤矿井下坑道钻探技术装备水平跃升到新的台阶,推动了煤矿地质保障技术的进步,支撑了我国煤炭科学产能的释放和煤层气高效开发.面对新一轮能源科技革命,针对新形势下煤矿安全发展新要求,以信息化、智能化为特征的精准快速坑道钻探技术与装备的发展已迫在眉睫,在此基础上,提出了煤矿井下坑道钻探技术与装备发展方向及建议.

煤矿井下近水平定向钻孔可实现超前、区域、精准灾害防治与瓦斯抽采利用,在煤矿地质保障中发挥着重要作用.系统介绍了国内外煤矿井下随钻测量定向钻进技术发展历程与应用现状,对国内定向钻进装备中的钻机、泥浆泵车、防爆型随钻测量系统、包括中心通缆钻杆、螺杆马达和钻头在内的配套钻具、包括滑动定向钻进和复合定向钻进在内的定向钻进工艺技术与套铣打捞工艺技术等关键技术和装备进行了简要分析和总结,对小体积防爆型随钻测量系统中的有线随钻测量系统、泥浆脉冲无线随钻测量系统、电磁波无线随钻测量系统和地质导向随钻测量系统的功能特点及适用性作了阐述,针对解决提高复杂顶板岩层中定向钻进成孔率、超深孔钻进施工能力和地层适应性等难题,介绍了该成套技术与装备在保德煤矿、龙王沟煤矿和顾桥煤矿进行顺煤层超深定向钻孔和复杂顶板高位定向钻孔的典型现场应用案例.基于成套技术与装备发展现状和现场应用,展望了煤矿井下随钻测量定向钻进技术与装备的发展方向和趋势,指出装备的自动化、信息化和智能化将成为技术攻关的方向与现场重点需求,高效快速钻进的旋转导向钻进系统和大直径定向钻孔将得到现场实践验证.

After over 40 years of development, the technology of underground drilling equipment, vital to guarantee safety and efficient production for coal mines, has been improved greatly. Combining with the characteristics of products, types of technology and application domains, the development of domestic and foreign of underground drilling equipment for coal mines are introduced, the application effects and existing problems of drilling machines are analyzed, especially the development experience and current situation of domestic drilling machines are summarized, detailing on technology status of the five most representative models, such as the split type drill, caterpillar drill, electro–hydraulic control drill, rubber wheel self–propelled drill and directional drilling are reviewed, thoughts of product development and related projects are elaborated, then, the development trend of informatization, automation and intellectualization of underground drilling equipment for coal mine is put forward.

In order to solve the brake safety problem accompanying the rubber wheel drilling machine walking under the coal mine, it is designed that a full hydraulic wet braking system, and its working principle and design scheme of the whole system are analyzed. Adopting the idea of redundant design, starting from the hydrostatic closed system and the mechanical wet brake, the system meets the requirements of working conditions. For the problem of unstable parking brake pressure, a detailed calculation is performed, preferably an accumulator group. The test results show that the whole system has high parking torque, stable pressure relief, safe and reliable driving brake performance, rapid response, and braking distance less than 5m, which meets the requirements in coal mine.

Rubber-sleeve type hydraulic chuck is the mainstream chuck structure of all-hydraulic rig due to its compact structure and large clamping force,but there are problems on slip change and damageable rubber sleeve,the effect of the chuck is greatly lowered.In this paper,applicable condition and main design points of the chuck were analyzed,the mechanism and solution of rubber sleeve nibble problem were expounded and optimized;and using nylon ring structure to lower the probability of nibble problem,a new quick release slip rubber-sleeve type hydraulic chuck solved the slip change trouble problem.It is firstly used in ZDY5000RF crawler hydraulic rig,total monthly drilling depth of 4 000 meters was achieved without replacement of rubber sleeve in Qi'nan coal mine.

To meet the requirements of tunnel drilling rig, a drilling parameter monitoring system is designed, using PLC as hardware system control core, applying CoDeSys for designing software system, and the signal collection and processing method is introduced in detail. The monitoring system adopts the CAN bus network to realize communication with upper machine, the interface based on PC windows is designed with LabVIEW. Practical application results show that, the monitoring system can accurately display and save the drilling parameters to the PC. The drilling efficiency is improved, providing strong real-time performance, and high reliability.

采用有限元软件ABAQUS对双金属配油套在工作油压力、温度影响下的变形情况进行仿真,得到配油套在不同厚度比、不同配油套长度以及不同进油孔直径情况时配油套内径变形数据.

针对现有钻机显示仪表位置分散、种类有限、无法存储的特点,应用坑道钻机参数测量系统能较好的完成煤层钻孔.介绍了坑道钻机参数测量系统的特点,并以淮北矿业集团祁南煤矿中的工业性试验为例,阐述了该系统的钻参仪和轨迹仪的应用情况.应用结果表明,系统在发现钻孔异常时能实时进行报警,并通过钻参仪软件的钻进参数来判断是否属于卡埋钻事故,可预防孔内事故,通过对轨迹仪的二维或三维图可了解钻孔的偏差,两者结合可指导后期钻孔施工,提高煤层瓦斯抽放效果.

To drill long borehole along seam for gas drainage in soft coal seam is always very difficult,and the available drilling techniques can not fully meet the demand of gas efficient drainage,problems of shallow borehole depth and lower hole-making ratio are still existed. Therefore,on the base of medium-pressure compressed air drilling technique,the foam drilling technology used in coal mine is developed,which includes the studies of foam drilling technique,development of generating and grouting system for foam,development of compound drilling technique with medium-pressure compressed air and stable foam,etc. The effect of industrial field tests is very good,the depth of boreholes for gas drainage in soft coal seam can be significantly increased,the discharge of drilling cuttings by foam is efficient,the rotary and drawing pressure of drilling pipe is lower than that of medium-pressure compressed air drilling technique,at the same time,and there is no dust pollution. Because of the above advantages,the foam drilling technique and the compound drilling technique of medium-pressure compressed air and stable foam have wide application prospect in soft coal seam.

This paper introduces a boosting type cylinder clamp with symmetrical arrangement of force increasing device on both sides.The clamping force produced by cylinder acts on the drill rod based on lever boosting principle.This clamp has the advantages of small size and high clamping ability.The selection of the main design parameters and the calculation process are introduced in detail.

The development and utilization of soft coal seam is increasingly important as the coal resources become scarcer, however, the existing drilling technology is relatively backward. To meet the needs of drilling in soft coal, a new technology, which is drilling with foam in soft coal seam in Huaibei Zouzhuang mine, is discussed in this paper. In the field tests, the foam in 1# well could not form a circle. The well wall collapsed in 2# well and typical phenomenon of returning slag was observed in 4# well. This paper makes a detailed analysis for specific accidents, and carries out reasonable solutions. 3 wells of depth greater than 200m were finished in the field tests, which not only effectively increased the drilling depth in soft seam and the success rate of drilling projects, but also decreased the dust pollution in the field.

In order to meet the requirements of operation of tunnel drilling rig in the soft coal seam, a drilling parameter measuring system was designed. The hardware and software were designed separately. Hardware with the automotive programmable logic controller(PLC) as control core and with controller area net(CAN) bus as communication network was focused in the design especially for the requirements of usage in coal mine. Driver software was designed with CoDeSys development tool and PC software interface was developed based on LabVIEW. Practical application results show that the measurement system can accurately obtain drilling parameters required for operation of tunnel drilling rig in the soft coal seam, and has advantages such as strong real-time performance, accuracy and high reliability, friendly man-machine interaction, etc.

The paper introduced the design idea and basis for the series development of the directional drilling rig and the basic performance parameters and the main structure features of the ZDY crawler mode directional drilling rig.In combination with the deposition conditions of the rock and coal in the underground mine and the features of the long distance gas drainage directional borehole required for the high accurate tracing in the construction,the paper concluded the major functions of the matched between the directional drilling rig and the directional drilling technique.The paper in detail stated the general layout,hydraulic system,safety protection,key structure optimized design of the parts and key technology problems.The analysis on the typical production applied cases approved that the ZDY series crawler mode directional drilling rig could well and fully meet the actual production requirements.

Forming an independent air supply system with the movable underground air compressor,the moderate pressure compressed air drilling is an effective method to solve the drilling difficulty in the soft coal seam.Multistage unpowered dust collector was designed to solve the problem of dust pollution.Effective result is acquired in the site use.

The main contents and working principium of GDY-2000L type engineering drilling rig with multi-luffing mechanism are introduced,and the luffing course of multi-luffing mechanism is simulated in diverse working position.The key points and maximal loading of the multi-luffing mechanism are found by simulation,the results of simulation are very useful to design some similarity structures.

According to the single suitable drilling technique,low control accuracy,and removing difficulty of the present separated component type full hydraulic tunnel drilling rig and the long auxiliary operation time problem of the present crawler type full hydraulic tunnel drilling rig,the load feedback,constant-pressure variation and remote control technology was applied to the design of the hydraulic system of the ZDY6000LD(A) mode crawler type full hydraulic tunnel drilling rig,including the rotation,feeder,travel,main shaft braking and other performance return lines as well as the drilling tools down and up,clamped rotation,clamping releasing and other linkage functions.With the application of the AMESim software,a simulation analysis and site application was conducted on the load features of the reverse rotation return circuit.The results showed that the theoretical features of the load sensitive system would be well fitted with the actual drilling performances.The ZDY6000LD(A) mode drilling rig could be suitable for the rotation driling,directional drilling,complex drilling and other drilling techniques and the hydraulic system could have a high technical adaptability,an energy saving and a remote operation control.

There is not professional wire-line coring drilling tools for tunnel exploration in China at present.This paper designed wire-line coring drilling pipe specially used in tunnel,spear-head holding equipment,and composite position of the resilient clip,quick break switch of inner pipe assembly and special transport and fish machinery after considering the particular tunnel exploration environments.Finally,field experiment proved that this wire-line drilling tool was a successful tried,which solved the contradictions between the ground wire-line coring drilling tool and the special tunnel exploration environment.

ZDY6000LD(A)型履带式全液压坑道定向钻进钻机是一种适用于煤矿井下瓦斯抽采(放)定向孔施工的新产品.钻机采用开式三泵系统,应用了负载敏感和恒压比例变量等先进的液压技术,系统能耗低、稳定性高.钻机一体化程度高,平台上集成了主机、泵站、操纵台、履带车体、水泵、电磁起动器、稳固油缸、照明灯等钻探装置和设备,整机机动性好、转移快捷、井下使用方便.在钻机设计中,结合数字化设计方法,利用软件对虚拟样机进行建模和分析,缩短了设计周期,提高了钻机性能.通过室内试验和工业性试验,钻机性能达到设计要求,具有良好的推广前景.

The demand of deep and peripheral resource exploration on crisis mine is more and more along with the decrease of lower resource.Tunnel exploration is a kind of method with high efficiency and economy,but special tunnel exploration drilling rigs are scarce.ZDY1000G type all hydraulic tunnel drilling rig is a kind of equipment designed for tunnel exploration,also can be used to drill gas drainage holes,water exploration holes and other engineering holes.The design approach,mechanical system and hydraulic system for the drilling rig were introduced,double-pump hydraulic system with the function of pressure reduction drilling.Dual-cylinder and chain speed multiple mechanism with compound cushioning and tension device were described in detailed.

The wind flow and pressure lose in the air drilling in floppy coal seam were analyzed and calculated by the two phase flow principle. The pressure lose in the pneumatic slag off was studied through the simulative experiment. Based on the industrial experiment, the empirical formula of the wind pressure needed in drilling was acquired. The result would supply reference for air drilling in floppy coal seam in coal mine.