建立主动权视域下集成电路设计业竞争力评价指标体系,基于32家世界领先集成电路设计业上市企业的2016-2019年面板数据,采用因子分析法和熵值法研究得出:美国主动权视域下集成电路设计业竞争力居全球第一,中国台湾和中国大陆次之;主动权视域下集成电路设计业竞争力大小主要取决于主动权表现、主动权发展、市场主体表现和市场资源发展这四个公因子.其中,主动权表现因子权重最大,其次是主动权发展因子;美国主动权表现和主动权发展因子处于绝对领先地位,中国大陆这两项因子均表现较弱.由此对我国集成电路设计产业发展提出政策建议.

数字经济作为新的经济形态,不仅是我国网络强国建设的根本,而且能带动相关产业的发展和提升国民经济的发展质量,从而在世界经济发展中提升国际竞争力.在全球数字经济发展中,美国的数字经济发展有其独特经验,形成了"自主创新主导"的数字经济发展模式,主导了全球数字经济贸易规则,重视信息基础设施建设,规范了数字经济监管和政府公开数据的制度安排,注重人才培养和对知识产权的保护,强调政府的国防科技协同发展和采购扶持发挥的重要作用,对中国数字经济高质量发展具有重要的启示作用.

通过研究双边汇率变动对贸易价格的传导程度,分析了我国进出口议价能力的市场异质性.研究结果表明我国进口、出口议价能力均具有市场差异,对发展中国家的进出口议价能力一般要高于对相对发达国家和地区的进出口议价能力;对主要能源、矿产品输出国的进口具有刚性,进口议价能力不佳.分析表明,进出口议价能力的市场异质性主要源于不同市场上产品需求弹性的差异,反映了贸易双方的进出口结构状况.

The strategy of innovation-driven development is a long-term task promoted by the Report to the 18th National Congress of the CPC. The agglomeration and effective allotment of creative talents are important sources of inno-vation-driven power, and are closely related to the function and efforts governments at all levels. Case studies show that governmental efforts for the effective allotment of creative talents include five aspects, such as top level design, talent pro-jects, talent policies and optimization of urban ecology for creation and starting a business. All these factors show that governments at all levels are becoming the pattern and preference for the effective allotment of creative talents in the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

文章分析了人口年龄结构、 人力资本及两者的交互作用影响出口技术复杂度的机理并以此提出了理论假设.在此基础上通过测算中国31个省级行政区的出口技术复杂度,采用两种方法对理论假设进行了实证分析.研究结果表明,人口年龄结构(抚养比)以及交互项对出口技术复杂度具有显著的负向影响,人力资本对其具有显著的正向影响,等同的变动比例下人力资本对出口技术复杂度的作用力度大于人口年龄结构以及交互项的作用力度之和,理论假设通过了逻辑一致性检验.据此,提升人力资本能有效抵御人口结构变动对出口技术复杂度的不利影响.

德国的可再生能源特别是光伏产业发展模式一直备受赞誉和推崇.德国的太阳能光伏发展始于“千屋顶计划”.1990年实施的该计划政府为每位安装太阳能屋顶的住户提供补贴.1991年德国制定了(《电力入网法》,强制要求公用电力公司购买可再生能源电力.2010年9月,德国联邦经济和技术部在《能源方案》报告中,阐述了德国中长期能源发展思路,明确了到2050年实现能源转型的发展目标.2012年开始德国对可再生能源扶持政策进行了大幅度调整,标志着德国大幅度修正了积极的可再生能源政策,由“过度支持”向适度发展转变.2013年,太阳能的装机容量由前一年的7.6GW降低到3.5GW.2014年8月1日出台新版《可再生能源法》,规定德国未来光伏发电的年度新增规模将限定在240～260万千瓦,是史上德国可再生能源政策的一次“彻底改革”.之所以要修订《可再生能源法》,是因为过去十几年中,德国对可再生能源的鼓励过度,反而忽视了提高能效、节能、基础建设等其他重要的环节.可再生能源附加费是用来支付可再生能源发电收购电价超过市场电价的差额.

Endogenous development of strategic emerging industrial is of reciprocal causation with agglomeration allocation and efficient allocation of innovative resources. To implement the science and technology policy, national system of innovation policy, industrial policy, tax policy, talent policy, the higher education policy and international policy, to form the path and mechanism of configuration and efficient conifguration in innovation resources of strategic emerging industry , to form cluster competition advantage and lobal domination and control force on the global innovation resources allocation of strategic emerging industries, are the successful experience in the developed countries. It shows that there is obvious characteristics of policy guidance on the effcient allocation of innovation resources, and that policy factor is more effcient in increasing inlfuence on the allocation of innovation resources. So, we must establish the policy transformation and innovation and dynamic mechanism to promote in the effcient allocation of innovation resources.

The foundation has been formed in today’s Nantong upon which an innovative city can be established. In this paper we analyze the major progress, basic features and existing challenges observed through the evolution of Nantong into an innovative city. Based on the analysis, we discuss the strategic positioning, general ideas, target settings and major paths for Nantong’s development. The paper ends up with several proposals for the practitioner’s reference in many as-pects, including organization and leadership optimization, innovation system and mechanism construction, as well as the fo-cus settings for the present situation of Nantong.

构建生产性服务业与制造业的协同集聚指数,基于中国东部沿海地区的面板数据,对生产性服务业与制造业协同集聚水平进行测度,并实证检验两者协同集聚的演进关系及其各类效应.结果显示:东部沿海地区各省市的产业协同集聚水平差异较大;生产性服务业集聚和制造业集聚本身都具有明显的路径依赖特征,同期的生产性服务业集聚与制造业集聚对彼此都会形成一定的阻力作用,滞后一期的生产性服务业集聚会对当期制造业集聚产生一定的促进作用;两者协同集聚对区域经济增长、专业化水平及产业优化升级有正向促进作用,但对技术创新的作用尚不明显.据此,提出有效促进产业协同集聚的相关政策建议.

发展方式转型和升级是我国经济发展的内在需求,这不仅要求传统产业发展方式转型和创新,更要求战略性新兴产业发展方式转型和创新。战略性新兴产业发展不能沿袭传统产业以及高新技术产业发展方式和模式,必须通过自主创新和价值链转型实现发展方式的升级。

The development of strategically new industries and the growth of promising emerging industries are closely related to the innovation of commercial patterns. Developed countries endeavor to direct and promote the innovation in the commercial patterns of strategically new industries by establishing route charts, creating cooperating mechanism among gov-ernments, industries and schools, advocating commercialization for the new techniques and knowledge of small enterprises, maintaining efficient markets, and supporting privately-owned companies. There are many distinctive features of the promo-tion and direction for this kind of innovation. Firstly, the objective is to promote the selection and innovation of commer-cial patterns in the strategically new industries. Secondly, it is based on the principle of persisting in the direction of governments and markets. Thirdly, the innovation, markets, privately-owned enterprises and leading roles are closely con-nected.

政府主导式促进产业增长模式是我国光伏产业出现成长困境的重要原因.我国政府主导式促进光伏产业发展的政府行为模式的主要特征,包括地方政府主导着光伏产业的过度扩张、地方政府在战略性新兴产业发展中处于强势地位、对光伏产业自主创新能力具有压抑倾向、光伏企业巨头具有对“政府依赖症”.我国光伏产业成长困境表明,促进战略性新兴产业发展的政府主导模式具有明显缺陷,难以为继.光伏产业可持续发展能力要得到根本提高,必须摆脱对地方政府的依赖,走立足市场需求的创新之路.

Science and technology resources allocation is one of the major problems of scientific and technical management and policy design. Strategic emerging industry development has very strong dependence on the resources of science and technology cluster conifguration. Technical resources sharing is an important condition and basic law for industry S&T resource allocation and strategic emerging industry development.

There are complicated relationships between the development of emerging industries of strategic importance and modes of municipal government.The study of such relationships should be based on the study of the connotations,premises and attributes of the emerging industries of strategic importance.Attributes of the emerging industries include positive externality,transition to endogenous mechanism,cultivation of local pioneering enterprises,innovation of municipal governments and great freedom.We should fully realize the duality of the emerging industries of strategic importance and,with relative policies,we should reduce the negative aspects caused by strong governments,which are the main tasks for the transformation and creation of modes of municipal governments.

战略性新兴产业内生区域发展对科技资源集聚配置具有极强的依赖性,而我国区域科技资源集聚配置明显不适应.建立科技资源区域集聚配置的新政府偏好既是战略性新兴产业内生区域发展的重要条件,也是地方政府行为模式,特别是科技管理职能和行为转型和创新的主导内容.这要求形成基于科技资源区域集聚配置的地方政府行为模式和制度安排体系,让区域科技资源集聚成为我国战略性新兴产业内生区域发展的基础.

论文研究农业科技资源配置中某些地方政府行为模式的缺陷及其变异,提出促进地方政府优化农业科技资源有效配置的地方政府行为创新对策建议.作为公共产品投入,农业科技创新及其作为基础的农业科技资源配置离不开地方政府行为促进.我国农业科技投入长期不足既有中央政府的原因,也有地方政府原因.因此,要强化地方政府优化在农业科技资源配置、农业科技创新和农业技术推广中的角色.

The county economic transit and upgrading is the foundational project for economic transit and upgrading in China,therefore it is of important practical value to explore the transit and upgrading strategy with county individuality,competitiveness and locational conditions.The paper is based on the perspective of the growing mechanism of strategic emerging industry nearby the port,makes an analysis on the restriction factors for the county transit and upgrading and industrial structure optimization,and proposes the transit and upgrading way for the county economic development,which is the important reference for the decision-making of the country economic transit and upgrading.

在文献综述的基础上介绍了国外沿海开发内源型模式选择及其主要特点,分析了美国"阳光地带"、日本太平洋沿岸高新技术产业化的内源型发展模式。从军事科研和军事工业的兴起、政府采购、促进高层次科技人才的区域集聚和建设科技园区4个方面,研究了国外内源型沿海开发的高新技术产业发展主要路径,得出了基于高新技术产业的沿海内源型开发模式源于发展机制中创新资源的本土性的研究结论。

从自主创新源建设视角来研究区域科技资源配置是研究自主创新的新思路.科技资源集聚型配置是自主创新源能力建设的重要机制.自主创新源建设既是我国创新型国家的重要战略目标,也是促进我国经济社会转型和产业升级的重要基础.利用经济社会转型和产业升级的契机、利用改革开放率先一步的条件,让长三角先进城市成为世界自主创新源,是本课题研究的重要出发点.

集聚配置是我国区域科技资源配置的主导趋势,也是新的历史条件下“统筹科技资源”的有效方式.我国区域科技资源集聚配置本身呈现多样化的发展形态.这种发展趋势既与区域经济发展模式转型和升级的内在需求相联系,也与经济发达地区地方政府决策目标转型和创新有关.苏州、无锡等江苏部分地市的成功探索标志着我国区域科技资源集聚配置战略管理的新态势.