Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is an important method for the treatment of hematological malignancies. The hematopoietic recovery after transplantation, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prevention and treatment are the key to affect transplant success. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) can improve the hematopoietic microenvironment, promote hematopoietic stem cell homing and hematopoietic recovery, support hematopoiesis. In aduition, the hUC-MSC have immune function for a variety of immune cells, can avoid and alleviate the host immune response, have a certain effect on the treatment of GVHD. This article reviews the research advances on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

目的:探讨骨髓移植治疗小儿白血病的临床效果.方法:对2015年3月-2016年3月期间我院血液科收治的5例接受骨髓移植治疗的白血病儿童的临床资料进行回顾分析,其中急性淋巴细胞白血病3例,急性髓细胞性白血病2例,由中华骨髓库提供HLA相合非亲缘供髓,预处理后对5例白血病患儿实施骨髓移植手术,手术均顺利进行.结果:5例白血病患儿经骨髓移植后均获得造血重建,4例经DNA短串联重复序列多态性分析证实供体骨髓植活.结论:骨髓移植是治疗急慢性白血病的有效方法,可提升患儿的生存希望.

脐带间充质干细胞是具有自我更新和多向分化潜能的多能干细胞，可以促进造血干细胞归巢，并促进其增殖和分化，促进造血恢复，支持造血，加快造血重建。本文就脐带间充质干细胞在造血干细胞移植中的研究做一综述。

目的：探讨中药制剂痰热清静滴联合雾化吸入布地奈德、特布他林对小儿毛细支气管炎的疗效。方法92例小儿毛细支气管炎患者随机分为A组30例和B组62例，两组均采用相同的综合性基础治疗。 B组每天静滴痰热清、雾化吸入布地奈德和特布他林，A组吸入地塞米松。治疗7 d后观察两组患儿气促缓解、两肺哮鸣音及湿啰音消失时间并评估疗效。结果 B组的治疗效果明显优于A组（P＜0．05），B组气喘消失、啰音消失时间均较A组缩短（P＜0．01或＜0．05）。结论静滴痰热清并雾化吸入布地奈德和特布他林是治疗毛细支气管炎的有效方法。

目的：对EV71感染重症病例及健康对照组患儿进行外周血淋巴细胞亚群测定及分析，以期能为临床工作提供实验室依据。方法采用流式细胞仪术检测淋巴细胞亚群CD3T淋巴细胞（％）、CD4T淋巴细胞（％）、CD8T淋巴细胞（％）、CD4/CD8比值。结果 EV71重症重型组较对照组CD3、CD4、CD8百分比升高；EV71重症危重型组较其余2组CD3、CD4百分比减低，CD4/CD8比值降低，差异均有统计学意义。结论 EV71感染重症病例细胞免疫功能存在异常。

Objective To investigate the effects of different-doses of Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate and Human Immunoglobulin on viral encephalitis in children.Methods 90 patients with viral encephalitis were selected on standard,and randomly divided into two groups: group A(n=60) and group B(n=30).The children in group A were given Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate 10～15 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 for 3～5 days and Human Immunoglobulin 0.5～0.7 g·kg-1 ·d-1 for 3 days by intervenous drop infusion.The children in group B were given Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate 2～3 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 for 3～5 days and Human Immunoglobulin 0.3～0.4g·kg-1 ·d-1 for 5 days by intervenous drop infusion.Results The extinction time of fever and symptom in chrilren with viral encephalitis in group A was significantly shorter than those in group B(P<0.01).Conclusion It is reasonable to use full-dose Methylprednisolone Sodium Succinate and full-dose Human Immunoglobulin in short time to treat serious viral encephalitis.

Objective To investigate the significance and expression of serum nitric oxide (NO) and Bax in renal tubular epithelia in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion (IR). Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into IR group (n=40, further divided into IR 2 h group, IR 6 h group, IR 12 h group, IR 24 h group, IR 72 h group) and control group(n=8). Every group consisted of 8 rats. The rats of renal IR injury exposed to 45 min bilateral renal pedicle clamping. Rats in control group were exposed and their renal pedicles were not clamped. The change tendency of serum NO and Bax in renal tubular epithelia at IR 2 h, IR 6 h, IR 12 h, IR 24 h and IR 72 h were observed. Results The level of serum NO of rats in control group [(73.980±8.356) μmol/L] was lower than that in IR group, and the level of serum NO of rats in IR 12 h group was highest [(137.864±22.317) μmol/L], after that, the levels of serum NO were gradually decreased, and the level of serum NO of rats in IR 72 h group [(85.071±11.204) μmol/L] still did not reduce to normal level. The levels of serum creatinine (Scr) of rats in IR groups were obviously increased as compared with that in control group [(22.775±6.508) μmol/L] than that of IR group. The level of Scr of rats in IR 12 h group was the highest [(120.850±22.237) μmol/L]. The levels of Bax and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelia in rats in control group were lower [2.450±0.639, 0.900±0.385]. After IR 2 h, those were gradually increased, and the levels of Bax and apoptosis in renal tubular epithelia in IR 12 h group were the highest [69.025±6.550, 26.850±1.476]. The pathological lesions of nephridial tissue were most severe at IR 12 h. Conclusions The expression of serum NO and Bax pro-apoptotic protein in renal tubular epithelia were unregulated after IR, and that induced apoptosis. Key words: kidney; ischemia reperfusion; nitric oxide; Bax; apoptosis

目的探讨小儿巨细胞病毒感染与晚发维生素K缺乏性颅内出血的关系。方法 80例晚发维生素K缺乏性颅内出血患儿进行血巨细胞病毒-IgM、肝功能检查,其中,阳性患儿50例;同期入院的其他疾病患儿80例作为对照组。结果晚发维生素K缺乏性颅内出血患儿巨细胞病毒-IgM阳性率明显高于对照组,50例阳性患儿中,谷丙转氨酶、总胆红素、直接胆红素较30例阴性患儿显著异常;差异具有显著统计学意义。结论巨细胞病毒感染与晚发维生素K缺乏性颅内出血关系密切,其机制之一是巨细胞病毒引起肝功能损害,导致维生素K吸收不足、凝血因子合成障碍,从而诱发颅内出血。保肝及抗巨细胞病毒治疗有效。但巨细胞病毒对颅内血管的直接损伤机制及对维生素K合成有无直接影响,尚需进一步研究证实。

Objective To investigate changes of apoptosis in lung and serum cytokines, and to explore the role of them in lung injury after renal ischemia reperfusion. Methods The animal model of renal ischemia reperfusion injury was made by clamping bilateral renal pedicle for 45 minutes. At 2 h, 6 h,12 h,24 h,72 h after ischemia reperfusion,the serum interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) were detected,the changes of histopathology and apoptosis in lung were observed. Results After ischemia reperfusion,lung apoptosis,serum IL-1β and NO gradually increased. They reached to a peak value at 12 h after ischemia reperfusion. They gradually decreased at 24 h after ischemia reperfusion. The changes of lung injury were consistent to the changes of detected parameters at each time point after ischemia reperfusion. Conclusions IL-1β and NO released after renal ischemia reperfusion may be one of the reasons of apoptosis and injury in lung.

Objective 399 hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD)children were from Shandong Jining First People's Hospital whose clinical character,laboratory examination and epidemic characteristics were analyzed in order to enhance the understanding of HFMD and improve treatment level.Methods We collected 399 HFMD patiens from Shandong Jining First People's Hospital Infection Division and studied their epidemiologic feature,clinical manifestation,laboratory examination,treatment and clinical outcome.Data were processed by SPSS 12.0 statistical softwaruse and analyzed using epidemiological methods.Results In this sample,male children were 274 example,68.67 ％ of the total and female children 125,31.33％ of the total.The majority of HFMD patients came from rural area,rural children 358 cases accounting for 89.72 ％ of the sample size,P＜0.01,with statistical meaning.The children in this sample were all have rash,hand skin rash 339,84.96 ％ of the total,rashes on the foot 322,accounting for 80.70 ％,229 cases in hip,accounting for 57.39％,32 patients with the knee rash (8.02 ％ ),oral herpes and ulcer 293 cases,accounting for the 73.43％.With sore throat,salivate were 239 cases,cough 63 cases,headache,vomiting 77 cases,tachycardia 108 cases,body shaking 191 cases,acute atony paralysis 1 case,sleepiness 61 cases,twitch 4 cases.287 cases have complications accounting for 71.93 ％of the total cases.The complications such as meningitis and myocarditis significantly prolongs the course including 2 death and the main reason was neurogenic pulmonary edema,pulmonary hemorrhage and cardiopulmonary circulation failure.Conclusion The majority of HFMD children are from rural areas and most of them are boys.The age of these children is mainly from 1 to 3 years and most of them appear fever and the duration of fervescence for 3-5 days meanwhile the rashes are mainly in hand,foot and oral,which can lead to myocardial injury and the serious damage to the liver.In severe cases,most of them caused by the infection of EV71 and it is more common for body shaking and vomitting in neurological symptoms.Once the patient appears neurogenic pulmonary edema who will have a high mortality rate.Therefore,once these HFMD children have limb shaking and vomiting it indicates that they are severe HFMD children.As for these children,timely treatment would prevent further development of the disease and reduce mortality.

Objective To investigate changes of serum creatine kinase(CK-MB) on hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in children.Methods A total of 102 children with HFMD being in hospital were selected as experimental group,while 20 healthy children as normal comparison group.The activities of CK-MB in serum were estimated by using the colorimetry.Results The level of CK-MB in children with HFMD was remarkably higher in comparison with that in healthy children.There is significant difference between groups.Conclusion The children with HFMD may be caused by myocardial injury.It is reasonable to protect heart and to decrease myocardial injury using an effectual remedy.

目的观察布地奈德联合特布他林雾化吸入对小儿毛细支气管炎患者的疗效。方法 90例小儿毛细支气管炎患者随机分为治疗组60例和对照组30例。2组患儿均采用相同的综合性基础治疗,治疗组每天雾化吸入布地奈德和特布他林雾化液,对照组吸入α-糜蛋白酶。观察2组患儿喘憋、气促、两肺哮鸣音及湿啰音消失时间。并于治疗7d后给予症状评估。结果治疗组的治疗效果明显优于对照组,气促缓解、哮鸣音消失、湿啰音消失时间均明显缩短,具有显著的统计学意义。但心率正常时间两组无差异。结论雾化吸入布地奈德和特布他林治疗毛细支气管炎效果显著,不失为治疗毛细支气管炎的有效措施。

Objective To investigate the expression of serum interleukin-1β(IL-1β) and the apoptosis of lungs in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion(IR).Methods Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups randomly,including IR groups(IR 2 h group,IR 6 h group,IR 12 h group,IR 24 h group,IR 72 h group) and the sham control group.The animal models of IR groups were set up by the operation of 45 minutes bilateral renal pedicle clamping and later reperfusion after 2 h,6 h,12 h,24 h,72 h on Sprague-Dawley rats.Samples for serum and the left lung of each animal were taken.The serum sample was for the analysis of the expression of interleukin1β, scr by the method of ELISA,and the lung sample for apoptosis and histological examination.Results The expression levels of serum interleukin-1β,scr and apoptosis positive cells of lungs were gradually increased from the sham control group to IR 12 h group.The number of cells in lung underwent apoptosis was obviously increased in IR 12 h group than that in the sham control group and other IR groups.The pathological lesions of lungs were most severe at IR 12 h group.Conclusion The expression levels of serum interleukin-1β,scr and apoptosis positive cells of lungs in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion are increased.

目的观察促肝细胞生长素对大鼠肾缺血再灌注损伤后血清IL-1β、NO、Scr及肾脏组织病理学的影响。方法雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠32只,随机分为假手术对照组(Ⅰ组)、缺血再灌注组(Ⅱ组)、缺血再灌注前pHGF干预组(Ⅲ组)和缺血再灌注后pHGF干预组(Ⅳ组)。用无损伤动脉夹钳夹大鼠双侧肾蒂45min制成肾缺血再灌注损伤(renal ischemiareperfusion injury,RIRI)模型。假手术组只暴露双肾,不钳夹肾蒂。Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别在术前和术后腹腔注射pHGF 50mg/kg。检测术后12h血清IL-1β、NO和Scr的浓度及病理切片观察肾脏组织病理学改变。结果Ⅰ组血清IL-1β、NO、Scr水平均为最低,Ⅱ组各值均显著升高,两组比较各项均有显著差异(均P<0.01)。Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组各项数值较Ⅱ组均有一定程度的降低,两组分别与Ⅱ组比较均有显著差异(均P<0.01)。但Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组之间比较无显著差异(P>0.05);缺血再灌注12h肾脏病理改变最严重,肾小管损伤程度评分最高,pHGF干预后,肾脏形态学改变明显减轻,肾小管损伤程度评分降低;血清IL-1β和NO水平与肾脏损伤程度呈正相关(均P<0.01)。结论pHGF能抑制肾缺血再灌注损伤大鼠血清IL-1β、NO水平,对IARF在肾脏结构及功能上既有保护作用又有治疗作用。

Objective To investigate serum Interleukin-1β(Il-1β) expression and pathological change of lungs in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion.Methods The animal model of renal ischemia reperfusion injury was setup by operation of 45-min bilateral renal pedicle clamping and later reperfusion for 2h、6h、12h、24h、72h on Sprague-Dawley rats.Samples for serum and the left lung of each animal was taken.The serum sample was for analysis of expression of IL-1βusing ELISA,and the lung sample for histologic examination.Results The expression of serum Il-1βand Scr and the lung injury degree score were gradually increased from sham to IR 12h group.The pathological lesions of lungs were most severe at IR 12h.Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate that the expression of serum Il-1βand Scr were increased in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion.The Il-1βwas involved in the process of pathophysiology in lung injury.

Objective To explore the effects of hepatocyte growth-promoting factor(pHGF) on renal function and cell apoptosis in kidney of rats with renal ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI).Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups:sham-operated control group(groupⅠ),renal ischemia reperfusion control group(groupⅡ),one experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) before renal IRI(group Ⅲ),and another experimental group injecting pHGF(50 mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) after renal IRI(group Ⅳ).The animals with renal IRI exposed to 45 min bilateral renal pedicle clamping.All ischemia reperfusion rats in group Ⅰ and Ⅱ were intraabdomially injected equal volume of physiological saline(0.8 mL) at the time when the rats in experimental groups were administered 50 mg/kg pHGF.Twelve hours after IRI,samples for serum and the left renal tissue of each animal were taken.The serum sample was used to detect expression of serum creatinine(Scr),and the renal tissue sample for evaluation of apoptosis.Results Compared with the level of Scr in groupⅠ(22.775±6.508) μmol/L,Scr was markedly higher in groupⅡ(120.850±22.237) μmol/L(P0.01).While Scr level in group Ⅲ(60.413±10.197) μmol/L and group Ⅳ(69.40±11.443) μmol/L were lower than that in groupⅡ(Pa0.01).The renal tubular epithelial apoptosis cells showed significantly increased values in groupⅡ(26.850±1.476) compared with groupⅠ(0.90±0.385)(P0.01).While data with regard to the cell numbers of apoptosis markedly reduced in group Ⅲ(8.30±1.146) and group Ⅳ(9.0±0.869) compared with that in group Ⅱ(Pa0.01).No statistical significance was found between group Ⅲ and group Ⅳ concerning any detected parameters in the study(Pa0.05).Conclusions The laboratory investigation suggests that pHGF might be an effective pharmacological agent against renal IRI according to the findings of the evaluated parameters,and protective effect by pHGF against renal IRI might involved in the mechanisms decreasing tubular cells apoptosis.It is likely that pHGF is a potential therapentic agent in clinical renal IRI circumstances.

Objective To investigate Interleukin-1β(IL1β) expression and pathological lesions of lungs in rats with renal ischemia reperfusion and the effects of Hepatocyte Growth-promoting Factor(pHGF) on them.Methods Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups(n=8):Sham-operated control group(Group Ⅰ),renal IR control group(Group Ⅱ),one experimental group injecting pHGF(50mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) before renal IR injury(Group Ⅲ);and another experimental group injecting pHGF(50mg/kg,intraabdominal injection) after renal IR injury(Group Ⅳ).The animals with renal IR injury exposed to 45-min bilateral renal pedicle clamping.All the rats in Group Ⅰand Ⅱ were intraabdomially injected equal volume of physiological saline(0.8ml) at the time when the rats in experimental groups were administered 0.8ml pHGF.Twelve hours after IR injury,samples for serum and the left kidney and lung of each animal were taken.The serum sample was for analysis of expression of creatinine(Scr) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and the kidney and lung in each group for histologic examination.While lung dry to wet weigh ratio were respectively examined.Results The level of blood Il-1βand Scr in group Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in group Ⅰ(P0.01).The level of blood Il-1βand Scr in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were decreased significantly by comparison with those in group Ⅱ(P0.01).Lung dry to wet weight ratio in group Ⅱ was markedly lower than that in group Ⅰ,and those in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly increased compared with group Ⅱ(P0.01).The pathological lesions of lungs were most severe at IR 12h.After rats were given pHGF,lungs injury were significantly attenuated(P0.01).No statistical significance was detected between Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅳconcerning any detected parameters in the study(P0.05).Conclusion this study demonstrate that renal IR cam result in local and remote organ(lung) injury in rats.pHGF not only protect butalso treat lung injury of rats with RIRI through decreasing the level of Il-1βpartially.

Objective To investigate the effects of hepatocyte growth-promoting factor (pHGF) onBcl-2 (anti-apoptotic protein), Bax (pro-apoptotic protein), and renal ischemia reperfusion injury (RIRI)in a rat model. Methods 32 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 groups (n= 8): Sham-operated control group, RIRI group (group I), one experimental group injecting pHGF 0. 8 ml (50 mg/kg, intra¬abdominal injection) before RIRI (group Ⅱ) ; and another experimental group injecting pHGF (50 mg/kg, intra-abdominal injection) after RIRI (group Ⅲ). The animals with RIRI exposed to 45 min bilateral renal pedicle clamping. All the rats in control group and group I were intra-abdomia injected equal volume of physiological saline (0. 8 ml) at the time when the rats in experimental groups were administered 0. 8 ml pHGF. 12 h after RIRI, samples for serum and the left renal tissue of each animal were taken. The serum sample was for analysis of expression of serum creatinine (Scr), and the renal tissue sample for evaluation of Bcl-2 and Bax and renal tubular epithelial cells injury degree score. Results Compared with the expression of Scr in control group [(22. 775 ± 6. 508)μmol/L], that was markedly higher in group I[(120. 850±22. 237)μmol/L; P 0. 05). Conclusion The laboratory investigation suggests that pHGF might be an effective pharmacological agent against renal IR injury according to the findings of the evaluated parameters, and protective effect by pHGF against renal IR injury might involved in the mechanisms up regulating Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein and down regulating Bax pro-apoptotic protein. It is likely that pHGF is a potential therapeutic agent in clinical RIRI circumstances. Key words: hepatocyte growth-promoting factor (pHGF); kidney; reperfusion injury (RI); Bcl-2; Bax

Objectives In order to detect the red cell immunology function and T-lymphocyte subsets of children with recurrent respiratory tract infection(RRTI).Methods The red cell immunol complex rosette(RICR) and red cell receptor rosette(RCRR) and CD３、CD4、CD8 T-lymphocyte subsets were assayed for 60 children with RRTI and 20 cases of health control group.Results It was compared to show that RICR in children with recurrent respiratory tract infection was higher than that in the control group ,RCRRwas lower than that in the control group,That CD3、CD4 T-lymphocyte of children with RRTI was lower than the control group and CD8 was higher than the control group.There was a negative correlation between RICR and CD4 T-lymphocyte.There was a positive correlation between RCRR and CD4 T-lymphocyte.Conclusions There is double dysfunction of red cell immunology and T-lymphocyte subsets in children with RRTI.