In order to obtain particles with an optimal loading rate and encapsulation efficiency and to explore the effects of sodium alginate, carboxymethyl chitosan, and bentonite on the particle loading rate and encapsulation rate, the preparation parameters of particles were optimized by the response surface method. A series of particles with constantly changing components were prepared, and the particle loading rate and encapsulation rate were determined. The release experiment of granules in different mass release media was implemented, and the optimal loading rate and encapsulation efficiency of particles were used to control the fall armyworm (FAW). The results showed that when the amount of sodium alginate was 1.83%, that of carboxymethyl chitosan was 0.41% and that of bentonite was 0.37%. The maximum theoretical value based on the response surface simulation was 92.63%, and the actual value at this ratio was 91.61%, which was 98.90% of the theoretical value. The release assay indicated that the mechanism of particle release in 2, 4, and 6 mL of the release medium was non-Fickian diffusion, and the controlled mechanism in 25 mL of the medium was Fickian diffusion. The beads were spread directly into maize leaf whorls in field production; at 14 days after application, the efficacy reached 91.28-98.82%. The combination of emamectin benzoate and hexaflumuron granules has a good control effect on the FAW.

Good control effects on fall armyworm (FAW) can be obtained by broadcasting emamectin benzoate (EB) granules into maize leaf whorls. However, the distribution of EB in maize plants is not clear. In this study, EB granules were prepared by the rotating granulation method, and the granules were characterized using a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The behavior of EB granules in water was observed using a microscope, and in vitro release of EB from granules was also studied. A method for the determination of EB in maize plants, old leaves, grains, and cobs was established by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed that EB was loaded in granules successfully, and the granules disintegrated slowly in water, so the release of granules could be regulated using various water contents. The prepared EB granules were qualified and stable. The field experiment showed that the concentration of EB in maize leaf whorls could be maintained above 0.23 mg·kg-1 within 3 days after broadcasting EB granules. This ensured that FAW could be killed in a short time. Then, EB gradually transferred to the old leaves. After 21 days of application, the content of EB in the old leaves was 0.07 mg·kg-1, which has long-time control effects on FAW. The control effects of the three doses of granules against Spodoptera frugiperda were higher than 78% after 14 days of application. At the tested dosage, no phytotoxicity to crops was observed. At harvest, neither the maize grain nor the cobs had EB content. New controlled formulations to S. frugiperda were developed and will be suitable for application in mountainous areas where the lack of water resources is a factor.

Background The fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), is known to cause large agricultural production losses. Emamectin benzoate is one of the most effective insecticides to control this pest; however, its effective time is not sufficiently long to control FAW. Therefore, it is important that new controlled insecticide formulations with new application methods are developed. Results A series of emamectin benzoate polymer gel granules were prepared with sizes ranging from 0.95 to 1.5 mm. As the bentonite content increased, the release rate decreased. The cumulative release process of emamectin benzoate mainly depends on the cracks in the surface of the granules, and the release rate can be described by non-Fickian and Fickian diffusion, which are closely related to the water content. By spreading the developed polymer gel granules into maize leaf whorls, the control effect reached 83% after 21 days in field trials. Conclusion A novel polymer gel granule was developed that can effectively regulate emamectin benzoate release. By broadcasting polymer gel granules into maize leaf whorls, significant control efficacy against FAW can be obtained, and this could potentially be used for the effective control of FAW. (c) 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

[目的]基于经典QuEChERS前处理方法,结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)建立同时检测半夏块茎中31种农药残留分析方法.[方法]样品经乙腈提取,100 mg PSA净化,以0.1％甲酸水-甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱,采用UPLC-MS/MS测定,基质外标法定量.[结果]31种农药在0.01～1000 μg/L范围内色谱峰面积与质量浓度呈良好线性关系,决定系数(R2)大于0.9990;在3个添加水平(LOQ、10倍LOQ、100倍LOQ)下,31种农药在半夏中的平均添加回收率为72％～115％,相对标准偏差为1.19％～13.25％(n=7).31种农药的定量限为0.000 02～0.002 mg/kg.采用所建方法对贵州省赫章县23批半夏块茎样品进行残留检测,结果显示31种农药残留范围＜LOQ～0.14374 mg/kg.[结论]该方法简单、快速,方法的精密度、准确度和灵敏度均满足农药残留检测分析要求,适用于半夏中31种农药残留的同时检测.

本研究建立了一种农药制剂中异硫氰酸烯丙酯的气相色谱分析方法.采用气相色谱仪分析农药制剂中异硫氰酸烯丙酯的质量分数,使用HP-5毛细管柱和氢火焰离子化检测器,在载气流速1.5 mL/min,分流比30:1,进样口温度180℃,柱温70℃,检测器室180℃的条件下,用癸烷作为内标,用内标法对有效成分进行定性、定量分析.结果表明,本文所建立的方法在异硫氰酸烯丙酯质量浓度为1 029.1～5 204.6 mg/L时,异硫氰酸烯丙酯与内标物癸烷的峰面积比与质量比线性关系良好,线性相关系数为1.000 0;异硫氰酸烯丙酯可溶液剂、水乳剂标准偏差分别为0.01％、0.18％,平均回收率分别为99.01％、100.85％.所建立的检测方法灵敏、快速,适用于农药制剂中异硫氰酸烯丙酯的含量检测.

通过开展田间施药试验调查并比较了 10种杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾的防治效果.药后3d,除20％氟苯虫酰胺悬浮剂防效低于80％外,其余9种农药的防效均高于90％,表现出较好的速效性;药后14d,11％甲维·氟铃脲水分散粒剂、15％虫螨·茚虫威悬浮剂、8％阿维·茚虫威水分散粒剂、30％吡丙·虫螨腈悬浮剂防效仍能保持在85％以上,表现出较好的持效性.

采用高效液相色谱仪分析30％甲酰胺基嘧磺隆水分散粒剂的质量分数,使用C18不锈钢反相色谱柱和紫外可变波长检测器,以甲醇+磷酸溶液为流动相,用外标法对有效成分进行定性、定量分析.甲酰胺基嘧磺隆线性相关系数为0.9999;标准偏差为0.36;变异系数为1.09％、0.81％;平均回收率为102.11％.结果表明,此检测方法灵敏、快速,适用于30％甲酰胺基嘧磺隆水分散粒剂的含量检测.

采用气相色谱(μ-ECD)开发了高效氯氟氰菊酯在万寿菊上的残留分析方法,利用QuChERS前处理方法,经乙腈提取、PSA净化,氮气吹干后用正己烷定容,外标法定量.高效氯氟氰菊酯在万寿菊中的添加回收率为97％～99％,相对标准偏差在4.0％～8.5％.笔者建立了万寿菊中高效氯氟氰菊酯气相色谱残留分析方法,能够满足万寿菊样品中的高效氯氟氰菊酯的定量分析,并对万寿菊高效氯氟氰菊酯最终残留量进行了检测,样品中的高效氯氟氰菊酯均未检出.

为筛选植物源农药提供参考,选用小赤麻、水麻、野线麻、苎麻和蝎子草等荨麻属植物处理萝卜种子,检测其对萝卜幼芽和幼根的抑制率.结果表明:荨麻植物能延缓种子萌发,对种子幼芽抑制率超过70％,对种子幼根的抑制率在60％以上,蝎子草对萝卜种子幼芽和幼根的抑制率均为90％以上.

[Objective]This test was aimed to study the effects of commercial organic fertilizer,peat,rice straws and its extracts on the growth and development of rice under cadmium stress with different con-centration.[Method]A pot culture experiment was conducted for comparing of the peat,rice straws,or-ganic fertilizer and its extracts in the soil with cadmium concentrations 0.5,5.0 and 10.0 mg/kg,re-spectively. The plant height and tiller were measured in the late tillering stage.[Results]①Under Cd stress with 0.5 mg/kg concentration,the effects of different amendments and its extracts on the growth and development of rice increased as the order:organic fertilizer﹥peat'extract﹥rice straws﹥organic fer-tilizer'extract﹥rice straws'extract﹥peat;②Under Cd stress with 5.0 mg/kg concentration,the effects of different amendments and its extracts on the growth and development of rice increased as the order:or-ganic fertilizer'extract﹥organic fertilizer﹥peat'extract﹥peat﹥rice straws'extract﹥rice straws;③Under Cd stress with 10.0 mg/kg concentration,the effects of different amendments and its extracts on the growth and development of rice increased as the order:peat﹥organic fertilizer'extract﹥organic fertilizer﹥rice straws﹥peat'extract﹥rice straws'extract.[Conclusion]The result showed that the effects of three amend-ments and its extracts on the growth and development of rice were not consistent under different con-centration of cadmium. Therefore,we should consider the concentration of cadmium pollution in the paddy field,and then consider adding different modifiers and dosage in order to achieve the best control effect.

鳞翅目昆虫的研究越来越受到人们关注,而人工饲养是昆虫研究的基础,尤其是昆虫人工饲料配方的研发.文章以现有相关文献为依据,从人工饲养技术研究、人工饲料配方的研制方法、饲养环境和饲养操作优化等方面总结鳞翅目昆虫人工饲养技术研究进展,发现鳞翅目昆虫人工饲养技术及饲料配方已取得较大进展,但现行研究主要以提高饲养昆虫的存活率为目的,而忽略昆虫的生理性状.因此,建议在优化人工饲养技术的同时,需连续和定期评估人工饲养的种群与野生种群的性能差异,为科学研究提供大量高质量的实验虫源.

黄芪是我国最常见的一种中药药材，在人类的中药和农牧业畜禽的中草药饲料添加剂里广泛使用。但是黄芪种植会使用农药进行杀虫，从而影响了中药效果的发挥，也会对人和动物健康产生一定的危害。本文通过试验对比对不同产地黄芪中有机氯农药的残留问题进行的分析。

The UPLC-MS/MS with rapidity, accuracy and stability was established to detect tebupirimfos residue in corn and soil.There is a good linear relation (R 2≥0.999)when tebupirimfos residue is 1~1000μg/L.The average recovery rate with 1.58%~6.69% of relative standard deviation is 86.5%~95.5% in corn and soil when the tebupirimfos addition is 0.01~1 mg/kg.The limits of detections (LOD)in corn and soil are 0.034μg/kg and 0.035μg/kg,while the limits of quantification (LOQ)in corn and soil are 0.112μg/kg and 0.118μg/kg.In conclusion,the UPLC-MS/MS can meet the large-scale detection demand of tebupirimfos residue in corn and soil.

A method for determination of fenhexamid and tiadinil residues in rice field ecosystem was estab-lished based on ultraperformance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry( UPLC-MS/MS) . The samples were extracted by acetonitrile and then purified by primary secondary amine ( PSA) and graphitized carbon black ( GCB) . The fenhexamid and tiadinil residues were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS under multiple reac-tion monitoring mode and quantified with matrix-match external standards. Average recoveries of fenhexamid and tiadinil in rice at three levels (0. 005, 0. 05, 0. 5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) ranged from 81. 9% to 107. 6% with relative standard deviations from 1 . 4% to 9 . 6%. Limits of detections for fenhexamid and tiadinil were 0 . 019~0. 061 μg/kg,while limits of quantifications were 5 μg/kg. The method is simple, rapid, and accurate, and it can meet the requirements of the domestic and international legislation. The method may adapt to detect residues of fenhexamid and tiadinil residues in rice field ecosystem.

In order to build a rapid and sensitive analytical method for determination of fosthiazate residues in cucumber,tomato and soil,the determination conditions of fosthiazate residues by the method of UPLC-MS/MS were studied.Results:the samples were extracted by acetonitrile and then purified by primary secondary amine (PSA)and graphitized carbon (GCB).The mass spectrometer was operated with electrospray in the positive ion mode (ESI+ ).The fosthiazate was quantified by external standard method and matched standard solution used to compensate for matrix effect.The qualitative results were obtained on retention time,the precursor ion and two daughter ions,and the qualitation results were on the intension of the characteristic m/z 284.3/228 ion and m/z 284.3/104 ion.Average recoveries of fosthiazate in cucumber,tomato and soil at four levels (0.002 mg/kg,0.02 mg/kg,0.2 mg/kg and 2 mg/kg)ranged from 86.0% to 101.9% with relative standard deviations from 1.7% to 9.4% (n=5).Limits of detections of fosthiazate in cucumber,tomato and soil were 0.042~0.049 μg/kg,while limits of quantifications were 0.141~0.164μg/kg,respectively.The method is simple,rapid and accurate,and it can meet the requirements of the domestic and international legislation.The method adapts to confirm residues of thifluzamide in rice,corn and potato.

To screen the preservatives on cutting flowers,the fresh-keeping effects and vase-life of different preservative formulas on cutting G.jamesonii were studied.The results showed that all the four kinds of preservatives could prolong the vase-life in different degree.Among them the formula of 2% sucrose+200 mg/L 8-HQS+50 mg/L AgNO3+50 mg/L Al2(SO4)3 was the best treatment with the fresh-keeping time of as long as 22.7 days.

Two herbicides with different concentration were used to test the control effect of Eupatorium adenophorum in different habitats.The results showed that 74.7% Glyhosate ammonium and 200 g/L Fluroxypyr-methyl both had good effect on controlling Eupatorium adenophorum,the effective component dosage of 74.7% Glyhosate ammonium and 200g/L Fluroxypyr-methyl was 2241g/hm2 and 240g/hm2 respectively,the plant and fresh weight control effect of 74.7% Glyhosate ammonium and 200g/L Fluroxypyr-methyl in woodland were 94.1% and 85.1%,and 69.1% and 66.9% after 35 d respectively,and the plant and fresh weight control effect of 74.7% Glyhosate ammonium and 200g/L Fluroxypyr-methyl in wasteland were 98.4% and 92.1%,and 77.5% and 74.6% after 35d separately,which indicates that two herbicides can be used in control of Eupatorium adenophorum.

7 kinds of herbicides with different concentration were used to test the control effect in Eupatorium adenophorum to screen the best reagent in this study.The results showed that there was best effect when the active ingredient of 10% metsulfuron-methyl and 200 g/L starane(fluroxypyr) were 44.2 g/hm2 and 211.5 g/hm2 respectively.The fresh weight control effects were 80.9% and 81.0%,respectively,after 35 days of the 2 nd spray.Since metsulfuron-methyl had negative effect on succession crops,it was suggested that starane(fluroxypyr) could be favorable in crop production,10% metsulfuron-methyl could be used in wasteland,mountains,roadside,and forestland.