OBJECTIVE:To investigate aztreonam-avibactam (AZA) susceptibility and molecular features of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) at a Shenzhen hospital. METHODS:CRE isolates were collected from January 2018 to September 2025 and analysed by whole-genome sequencing, AZA disk diffusion, and clinical data review. Regional phylogenetic analysis from multiple hospitals in Guangdong Province was conducted. RESULTS:Among 8655 Enterobacterales isolates, 152 (1.8%) were CRE, with prevalence increasing from 0.3% (2018) to 2.5% (2025). Isolates were predominantly carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP, n = 79) and Escherichia coli (CREC, n = 43), mainly from the intensive care unit (37.5%) and elderly patients (≥60 y, 55.9%). Ceftazidime-avibactam was 45.4% resistant overall, 91.5% susceptible to blaKPC-CRE, and 100% resistant to blaNDM-CRE. All isolates were susceptible to AZA. CRKP was dominated by the ST11-KL64 clone (46.8%), while CREC was genetically diverse. The blaKPC-2 predominated in CRKP (58.2%) and blaNDM-5 prevailed in CREC (74.4%). Notably, 40 carbapenemase-negative CRE isolates accounted for 26.3% of all CRE isolates during the study period. Key resistance genes in CRKP included rmtB (58.2%), qnrS1 (72.2%), blaCTX-M-65 (48.1%), blaLAP-2 (57.0%), blaSHV-134 (38.0%), and fosA6 (93.7%); those in CREC were dfrA12 (41.9%), floR (58.1%), and mphB (88.4%). Regional phylogeny demonstrated that local CRKP clustered within the provincially dominant ST11-KL64 epidemic clade, while CREC were intermixed with strains across Guangdong Province, indicating widespread regional transmission and multiple independent introduction events. CONCLUSIONS:The rise of CRE driven by ST11-KL64 and a growing proportion of non-carbapenemase producers necessitates strengthened infection control. The universal in vitro AZA susceptibility offers a promising therapy.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) susceptibility and molecular features of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) isolates from a Shenzhen teaching hospital. Methods A retrospective study on CRAB was conducted from January 2018 to June 2025. Isolates were screened for gyrB and β-lactamase genes (blaOXA-23, -24, -51, and -58). Multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) was used for genotyping, and SUL-DUR susceptibility was tested by disk diffusion. The SUL-DUR-resistant isolate underwent whole-genome sequencing to identify resistance mechanisms. Results Of 741 non-duplicate A. baumannii isolates, 147 were CRAB, with its annual percentage rising from 11.4% (2018) to 47.2% (2025). Most isolates came from the ICU (53.7%), and affected patients were predominantly aged ≥60 years (62.6%). Sputum was the primary source (49.7%). Resistance rates exceeded 90% for multiple antibiotics, but only one isolate (0.7%) was resistant to SUL-DUR. This strain harbored nine resistance genes (including blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-66) and had substitutions in penicillin-binding protein 2 (PBP2) and a putative D-Ala-D-Ala carboxypeptidase.Five sequence types (STs) were identified, including ST2, ST877, ST133, ST195, and a novel sequence type (ST3267), with ST2 being predominant (96.6%). The blaOXA-23 gene was present in 72.8% of isolates, while blaOXA-24 was rare (2.7%). All isolates carried intrinsic blaOXA-51 and gyrB, but blaOXA-58 was absent. Conclusions The increasing percentage of carbapenem-resistance among A. baumannii, dominated by ST2 and blaOXA-23-positive strains, highlights an urgent need for stricter infection control. Meanwhile, the notable in vitro susceptibility of CRAB to SUL-DUR offers a promising therapeutic alternative for patients infected with CRAB.

Background Bongkrekic acid (BKA) is a potent mitochondrial toxin secreted by certain strains of Burkholderia gladioli, previously known as Pseudomonas cocovenenans. It poses a significant risk to public health, particularly through contaminating fermented or spoiled food products. This study focuses on the isolation and genomic analysis of a novel strain of Burkholderia gladioli from a non-fermented rice noodle linked to a foodborne outbreak in China. Results The study employed a multifaceted approach including microbiological isolation, phenotypic characterization, biochemical assays, and molecular identification. Animal experiments were conducted to observe the effects of BKA on rats. Genomic DNA was extracted, sequenced, and analyzed using bioinformatics tools to determine the genetic makeup, gene function annotation, and comparative genomic analysis. The isolated strain, designated as Burkholderia gladioli 201, was found to produce BKA, which was confirmed through animal experiments showing characteristic symptoms and subsequent toxicological examinations. The complete genome sequence revealed a high degree of genetic similarity with other B. gladioli strains, with a distinct BA biosynthesis gene cluster. Comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic trees constructed from single-copy core genes indicated a close relationship between Burkholderia gladioli 201 and other strains of the species. Conclusion This study successfully isolated and characterized a novel strain of Burkholderia gladioli capable of producing BKA from a non-fermented food source. The genomic analysis provided insights into the genetic basis of BKA production and the evolutionary relationships within the Burkholderia genus. The findings underscore the need for enhanced surveillance and preventive measures to mitigate the risk of BKA-associated food poisoning.

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in the Third World. Identification of the pathogen that causes diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan. Our study aimed to determine the Prevalence of specific protozoan pathogens (Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum., and Giardia spp) in children in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children under five years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea between April and December 2014. Diarrheal stool samples were collected and E. histolytica, C. parvum, and Giardia spp were examined using multiplex real-time PCR. Results Four hundred and thirty-seven children with acute diarrheawere included in this study; the higher Prevalence of diarrhea was in the age less than ≤ 2 years old (403,92.2%). The male-to-female ratio in this study was 1:1.7. infection with intestinal parasite was found in 155 (35.5%) cases, and co-infection was detected in 16 (10.3%) cases. Giardia spp(18.8%) and C. parvum (15.8 %) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by E. histolytica (0.9). The parasite infection rate was highest and lowest in the under 2-year-old group (92.3%) and the 2–4-year-old group (7.3%). The infection rate was higher in boys (67.1%) than in girls (32.9%). The incidence of protozoan infection was higher in the rainy season (August to December) (92.2%), corresponding with that in the dry Season (April to June). (7.8%). Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of Giardia spp and C. parvum in children with diarrhea in the Khartoum region and the usefulness of the multiplex real-time method in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.

Background: To investigate the clinical distribution and changing trend of antibiotic resistance profiles of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), a retrospective study was undertaken. Methods: The characteristics of MDROs isolated from 2016 to March 2023 were retrospectively analysed. The detection rate of these MDROs was compared prior to COVID-19 (Period 1, 2016-2019), during the COVID-19 pandemic with restrictions (Period 2, 2020-2022), and after the end of zero-policy (Period 3, Jan-March, 2023). Antibiotic-resistant genes were detected. Results: The overall detection rates of CRPA, CRAB, CREC, CRKP, MRSA, and VREfm were 22.6%, 22.6%, 1.3%, 4.0%, 19.5%, and 3.1%, respectively. The detection rate of CRAB was significantly lower in Period 2 and 3 compared with Period 1 ( P < 0.0 0 01). The detection rate of CRPA and VREfm was significantly increased in Period 3 compared with Period 1 and 2 ( P < 0.0 0 01). The resistance rate to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (TIM) and piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) has gradually increased in CRPA since 2018. NDM and KPC were the most common carbapenemase genes identified in CREC (60.0%) and CRKP isolates (47.8%), respectively. All the 10 VREfm isolates carried the vanA gene. Conclusions: The detection rate of CRAB has decreased since 2018, but a significantly increased prevalence of CRPA and VREfm was seen after the end of zero-policy. An increasing resistance rate to TIM and TZP was seen in CRPA. NDM, KPC, and vanA were the common genes harboured by CREC, CRKP, and VREfm, respectively. Ongoing surveillance after the COVID-19 era is suggested. (c) 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.

Aim:Mycobacterium abscessus is ubiquitous in the environment and seldom causes infections in immunocompetent individuals. However, skin and soft tissue infections caused by M. abscessus have been reported in recent years. Additionally, the cutaneous infections or outbreaks post cosmetic surgery caused by M. abscessus have been increasing due to the popularity of plastic surgery. The main modes of transmission are through contaminated saline, disinfectants, or surgery equipment, as well as close contact between patients. This article describes three patients who were admitted to our hospital between November 2019 and October 2020. They presented with long-term non-healing wounds caused by M. abscessus infection after undergoing plastic surgery. Symptoms presented by the three patients included swelling, ulceration, secretion, and pain. After identification of M. abscessus with Ziehl-Neelsen staining and MALDI-TOF MS system, the patients were treated with surgical debridement and clarithromycin.Conclusion:It is important to note that a long-term wound that does not heal, especially after plastic surgery, should raise suspicion for M. abscessus infection. The infection mechanism in these three patients may have been due to exposure to surgical equipment that was not properly sterilized or due to poor sterile technique by the plastic surgeon. To prevent such infections, it is important to ensure proper sterilization of surgical equipment and saline.

BackgroundCOVID-19 has caused severe morbidity and mortality worldwide. After the end of the dynamic zero-COVID policy in China in December, 2022, concerns regarding reinfection were raised while little was known due to the lack of surveillance data in this country.AimsThis study reviews the probability, risk factors, and severity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant reinfection, as well as the interval between infections, risk of onward transmission by reinfected cases, and the role of booster vaccination against reinfection.SourcesReferences for this review were identified through searches of PubMed and Web of Science up to September 24, 2023.ResultsThe rate of reinfection ranges from 3.1% to 13.0%. Factors associated with a higher risk of reinfection include being female, having comorbidities, and being unvaccinated. Reinfection with the BA.4 or BA.5 variant occurs approximately 180 days after the initial infection. Reinfections are less clinically severe than primary infections, and there is evidence of lower transmissibility. The debate surrounding the effectiveness and feasibility of booster vaccinations in preventing reinfection continues.ConclusionsThe reinfection rate during the Omicron epidemic is significantly higher than in previous epidemic periods. However, the symptoms and infectivity of reinfection were weaker than those of the prior infection. Medical staff and individuals at high risk of reinfection should be vigilant. The efficacy of booster vaccinations in reducing reinfection is currently under debate.

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in Third World. Identification the pathogen that cause diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan. Our study aimed to determine the Prevalenceof specific protozoan pathogens (Entameobia histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum., and Giardia lamblia) in children in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children under five years of age hospitalized with acute diarrhea between April and December 2014. Diarrheastool samples were collected and examined E. histolytica, C. parvum, and G. lamblia using a multiplex real-time PCR. Results 437 acute children were included in this study; the higher Prevalence of diarrhea was in the age less than ≤2years old (403,92.2%). The male-to -female ratio in this study was 1:1.7. infection with intestinal parasite was found in 155 (35.5%) cases, and co-infection was detected in 16 (3.7%) cases. G. lamblia (18.8%) and C. parvum (15.8 %) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by E. histolytica (0.9). The parasite infection rate was highest and lowest in the under 2-year-old group (32.7%), and in the 2–4-year-old group (2.7%),the infection rate was higher was higher in boys (23.7%) than in girls (11.7%). tThe incidence of protozoan infection was higher (37.7%) in the rainy season (August to December) (32.7%), corresponding with that in the dry Season (April to June). (2.7%) Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of G. lamblia and C. parvum in children with diarrhea in Khartoum region and usefulness of the multiplex real-time method in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the prevalence and characteristics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) isolates in a Chinese tertiary hospital in Shenzhen. METHODS:A hospital-based retrospective epidemiological survey of Enterococcus was conducted over a 6.5-y period, from January 2018 to June 2024. The VRE isolates were identified and subjected to screening for the six van genes and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) genotyping. The clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and molecular features were subjected to analysis. RESULTS:A total of 34 non-duplicate VRE isolates were identified, comprising 32 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) and 2 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREfa) strains. Since its initial isolation in 2022, there has been an observable increase in the detection rate of VRE. The detection rate of VRE between 2022 and 2024 (until June) was 0.3%, 4.8%, and 8.6%, respectively. The majority of the VRE strains were isolated from urine (25/34, 73.5%), and the highest detection rate (9.1%) of VRE infections was observed in the patients aged ≥75 y. In excess of 90% of VRE isolates exhibited resistance to ciprofloxacin (97.1%) and levofloxacin (97.1%), followed by ampicillin (94.1%) and penicillin (94.1%). The non-susceptible rate was observed to be low for linezolid (2.9%) and tigecycline (5.9%). Of the 29 VREfm isolates preserved and tested, 28 were found to harbour the vanA gene. A total of six STs were identified among the 29 VREfm isolates, with ST80 (16/29, 55.2%) being the predominant. The ST80 remained the most prevalent clone until the introduction of ST78 in May 2023, at which point these two clones became the most prevalent. CONCLUSION:There has been an observable increase in the prevalence of VRE in our hospital since 2022. Furthermore, an ongoing outbreak of ST80 and ST78 VREfm with vanA-harboring plasmid was identified. It is imperative that continuous surveillance be conducted in order to inform public health interventions.

Introduction Diarrhea is a significant health problem in the Third World. Identification of the pathogen that causes diarrhea is vital for measures to prevent and control this disease. There are also very few reports of diarrhea in Sudan. Our study aimed to determine the Prevalence of specific protozoan pathogens (Entamoeba histolytica, Cryptosporidium parvum., and Giardia spp) in children in Khartoum, Sudan. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey among children under five years of age hospitalized with acute diarrhea between April and December 2014. Diarrheal stool samples were collected, and E. histolytica, C. parvum, and Giardia spp were examined using multiplex real-time PCR. Results Four hundred and thirty-seven children with acute diarrhea were included in this study; the higher prevalence of diarrhea was in the age ≤ 2 years old (403, 92.2%), >2–≤4 years (32, 7.3%), and >4–<5 years (2, 0.5%). The male-to-female ratio in this study was 1:1.7. Infection with intestinal parasite was found in 155 (35.5%) cases, and co-infection was detected in 16 (3.7%) cases. Giardia spp (18.8%) and C. parvum (15.8%) were the most frequently identified parasites, followed by E. histolytica (0.9). The parasite infection rate was highest and lowest in the under 2-year-old group 143 (35.5%) and the 2–4-year-old group 12 (37.5%). The infection rate was higher in boys 104 (37.7%) than in girls 51 (31.7%). The number of positive cases was higher in the rainy season (August to December) 143 (37.4%), corresponding with that in the dry Season (April to June) 12 (21.8%). Discussion Our present study demonstrated the high prevalence of Giardia spp and C. parvum in children with diarrhea in the Khartoum region and the usefulness of the multiplex real-time method in disclosing pathogenic protozoal agents. Our result highlighted the necessity of developing intervention measurement and control strategies to deal with childhood parasitic diarrhea in this region.

Bongkrekic acid (BA) poisoning can progress rapidly and lead to the failure of multiple organs, such as brain, liver and kidney. The mortality of BA poisoning is 40-100%. Little information is available on the toxicokinetic parameters of BA in human. Although hemodialysis is widely utilized for patients with severe BA poisoning, the exact amount of BA removed by hemodialysis is poorly documented. We analyzed toxicokinetic parameters, endogenous clearance and hemodialysis clearance in a patient with BA poisoning. A 27-year-old male developed symptoms of severe diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and weakness after eating rice noodles for more than one day. The patient developed multiple organ failures, especially the liver. Initial serum BA concentration was 0.5μg/mL. He received plasmapheresis, routing, and Oxiris-based Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT). The whole blood, serum, urine and dialysate BA concentrations were collected and analyzed hourly. Toxicokinetic parameters relationships were determined using noncompartmental analysis. The clearances were determined using standard pharmacokinetic calculations. The disposition of BA was characterized by a long half-life (t1/2 of 102) and high max plasma (CL of 129,000 L/h/kg) following ingestion of contaminated food. The average serum clearance of BA during PE is remarkable higher than CRRT and the endogenous clearance. In contrast, the rates of decline in blood levels during the CRRT treatments were similar to the natural rate of decline. The total amount of BA removed by Plasmapheresis was 5.51mg. However, most CRRT failed to eliminate BA. We report a rare case of BA poisoning with a complication of liver failure and acute kidney damage. The patient expired, even with supportive care, plasmapheresis and hemodialysis. Analysis of whole blood, serum, urine and dialysate concentrations showed limited efficacy of CRRT in removing BA from blood. In contrast, there was significant extraction of BA from Plasmapheresis.

Background:Antibiotic resistance represents a serious global health challenge, particularly with the emergence of strains resistant to last-resort antibiotics such as tigecycline, polymyxin B, and vancomycin. Urgent measures are required to alleviate this situation. To facilitate the judicious use of antibiotics, rapid and precise antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is essential. Heavy water (deuterium oxide, D2O)-labeled Raman spectroscopy has emerged as a promising time-saving tool for microbiological testing.Methods:Deuterium incorporation and experimental conditions were examined to develop and apply a Raman-based AST method to evaluate the efficacy of last-resort antibiotics, including tigecycline, polymyxin B, and vancomycin, against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecium. Essential agreement and categorical agreement were used to assess the metabolism inactivation concentration based on Raman spectroscopy (R-MIC)-a new metric developed in this study-and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determined via the traditional microdilution broth method. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was employed to measure the association between R-MIC and MIC values.Results:The Raman-based AST method achieved a 100% categorical agreement (92/92) with the traditional microdilution broth method within five hours, while the traditional method required approximately 24 h. The R-MIC values shared 68.5% (63/92) consistency with the MIC values. In addition, the R-MIC and MIC values were highly correlated (Spearman's r=0.96), resulting in an essential agreement of 100%.Conclusion:Our optimized experimental method and conditions indicate that Raman-based AST holds great promise as a solution to overcome the time-consuming challenges of traditional AST methods.

脓肿分枝杆菌极少引起正常人群感染,但诊断和治疗较难.该菌可引起创伤、文身、皮外伤、外科手术后的皮肤感染[1],在免疫功能抑制人群中可能引起肺部感染和全身性感染[2].由于该菌对多种抗生素耐药,感染的诊断和治疗常依赖病原学检查结果.

Sepsis is a disease with a high morbidity and mortality rate. At present, there is a lack of ideal biomarker prognostic models for sepsis and promising studies using prognostic models to predict and guide the clinical use of medications. In this study, 71 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by analyzing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and transcriptome RNA-seq data, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment pathway analyses were performed on these genes. Then, a prognosis model with CCL5, HBD, IFR2BP2, LTB, and WFDC1 as prognostic signatures was successfully constructed after univariate LASSO regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis. Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival analysis, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) time curve analysis, internal validation, and principal component analysis (PCA) further validated the model for its high stability and predictive power. Furthermore, based on a risk prediction model, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that multiple cellular functions and immune function signaling pathways were significantly different between the high- and low-risk groups. In-depth analysis of the distribution of immune cells in healthy individuals and sepsis patients using scRNA-seq data revealed immunosuppression in sepsis patients and differences in the abundance of immune cells between the high- and low-risk groups. Finally, the genetic targets of immunosuppression-related drugs were used to accurately predict the potential use of clinical agents in high-risk patients with sepsis.

BACKGROUND:There is a big difference in the expression of miRNAs of plasma exosomes of patients with HBV infection. This study aims to analyze four molecular markers of peripheral blood plasma exosomes to evaluate their potential diagnostic values in HBV infection.METHODS:A total of 55 cases of patients with chronic hepatitis B were in Experimental Group 1; 49 cases of hepatitis B carriers were in Experimental Group 2, and 46 cases were in the healthy control group. The total RNA of the plasma exosome was used to analyze the specificity and sensitivity and draw ROC curves.RESULTS:There was a significant difference in the expression of miRNA-1246, miRNA-150-5p, miRNA-5787, and miRNA-8069 down-regulated by plasma exosomes in Experimental Group 1 and Group 2 and Control Group, with a p value of less than 0.05.CONCLUSIONS:The molecular markers down-regulated were miRNA-1246, miRNA-150-5p, miRNA-5787, and miRNA-8069. The four miRNAs were initially identified as new markers of miRNAs of peripheral blood plasma exosomes after HBV infection. It is better to use multiple markers for combined diagnosis.

目的 了解深圳某综合医院(2016～2020)年淋病奈瑟菌(淋球菌)的检出情况,了解本地区淋球菌的流行状况和为制订淋病的防控措施提供依据.方法 统计分析南方医科大学深圳医院(2016～2020)年淋球菌送检情况和阳性患者的临床信息,检测阳性结果定义为革兰阴性双球菌涂片、淋球菌培养或淋球菌核酸定性检测任一结果为阳性.结果 共收到6362份送检标本,其中涂片705份、分离培养868份、核酸定性检测4789份.共检出921例淋球菌阳性(14.5％),其中涂片291份(41.3％)、分离培养132份(15.2％)、核酸检测498份(10.4％).(2016～2020)年送检标本的淋球菌检出率分别为15.1％、18.2％、18.0％、10.0％、14.3％.921例淋球菌感染患者中男女比例为23∶1;(21～30)岁年龄段占比最高(43.4％),其次为(31～～40)岁(33.9％).结论 (2016～2020)年本地区淋球菌的检出率较高,多种检测方法联合可提高淋球菌的检出率.淋球菌感染者以男性为主,(21～40)岁中青年为主要感染人群,应对该人群加强宣传教育.

目的 分析耶氏肺孢子菌肺炎的临床特征和实验室检测结果,为临床早期诊断和治疗提供依据.方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2020年5月深圳某综合医院耶氏肺孢子菌的检出和临床分布情况、影像学特征、生化指标,以及六铵银染色检查的注意事项.结果 共检出6例耶氏肺孢子菌感染,患者年龄14～59岁,来源于ICU、血液内科、儿科等科室,主要临床诊断为白血病或肾炎.血清(I-3)-β-D-葡聚糖和乳酸脱氢酶均升高.染色温度和时间对六镀银染色的结果影响较大.影像学表现以胸部CT均发现磨玻璃密度影为主,患者经过复方新诺明和糖皮质激素联合治疗,症状有不同程度改善.结论 患有不明原因肺炎的白血病或肾炎患者,常规治疗无效的,应考虑耶氏肺孢子菌感染;六铵银染色法是一种检测耶氏肺孢子菌快速、简便的方法,应注意控制染色温度和时间.

目的 了解深圳地区沙门菌的感染率、血清学分布和耐药性特征,为制定防控措施提供依据.方法 选择3家哨点医院(北京大学深圳医院、深圳市儿童医院、中山大学附属第八医院),对2016-2018年肠道门诊急性腹泻患者粪便标本分离的沙门菌进行血清分型、抗生素敏感性试验和耐药基因gyrA、gyrB、parC、parE的检测.结果 从2 842例腹泻患者的粪便标本中分离出187株(6.6％)沙门菌,共鉴定出25种血清型,其中鼠伤寒沙门菌的分离率最高(3.5％),其次为肠炎沙门菌(1.3％)、4,5,12:i:-(0.3％).沙门菌对氨苄西林、磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶、萘啶酸的耐药率较高,分别为81.0％、36.0％、31.0％.肠炎沙门菌和4,5,12:i:-分别对萘啶酸和氨苄西林全部耐药;鼠伤寒沙门菌和4,5,12:i:-对头孢菌素类、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和磺胺甲恶唑/甲氧苄啶耐药率较高.所有环丙沙星/左氧氟沙星耐药菌株的gyrA基因均发现突变,而gyrB、parC、parE基因均未发生突变.结论 鼠伤寒沙门菌和肠炎沙门菌是深圳地区流行的最常见血清型,鼠伤寒沙门菌对抗生素的耐药率较高.氟喹诺酮耐药可能与gyrA基因突变有关,建议临床合理使用抗生素,并对本地区沙门菌的流行状况进行持续监测.