In this paper, the effect of soil water potential on the growth, water consumption characteristics, dry matter accumulation and distribution, water use efficiency (WUE) of flue-cured tobacco was studied. With 3 levels of soil water potential maintained by using a negative pressure irrigation device, pot experiments in situ field were carried out. The results showed that, the botanic traits of tobacco was well when soil water potential was in the range of-20~-10 kPa; Water consumption, water consumption intensity, total dry matter accumulation (DMA) and the ratio of leaf dry weight decreased when soil water potential increased, while water consumption modulus of different growth periods changed little with changed soil water potential;WUE increased when soil water potential decreased, and increased as the periods of flue-cured tobacco growing in the same soil water potential. For efficient utilization of irrigation water, different soil water potential should be maintained in the different growth periods, the suitable soil water potential for flue-cured tobacco at various growth stages as follows:the range of-30~-20 kPa at root stretch stage, about-10 kPa at fast growing stage, and about-20 kPa at mature stage.

采用高效液相色谱技术(HPLC)建立了一种同时快速测定烟叶中草酸、苹果酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸等非挥发性有机酸的方法.采用磷酸溶液,80℃水浴30 min,提取烟叶样品中的非挥发性有机酸,回收率可达到85.37％以上;采用Ultimate,AQ-C18反相色谱柱,在215nm波长下,以0.02 mol/L KH2PO4溶液(pH3.0)和甲醇作为流动相,可较好地分离和测定初烤烟叶中的非挥发性有机酸含量,相对标准偏差为0.58％～1.99％,最低检出限为0.03～0.80 μg/mL.

To explore quality characteristics of flue-cured tobacco, field experiments were conducted to study the characteristics of the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco infoursoils(paddy soil, yellow soil, red soil, and volcanicashsoil). The results showed that the physical properties of volcanic ash soils were fine, and itsbulk density was 0.73 g/cm3,which was the lowestamong the four soils.The content of total sugar was 30.14%influe-cured tobaccoplanted involcanic ash soil, which was significantly lower than those in the yellow soil and paddy soil. The content of potassium and the availabilityindexof chemical composition were 2.55%and 0.71,respectively,whichweresignificantlyhigher than those in yellow soil andpaddysoil. The content of lutein, beta-carotene and rutin were 130.40 μg/g, 133.40μg/g and 11.75 mg/g respectively, which were the highest among the four soils.The contentof pigmentdegradation products was 31.42 mg/g, andthere wasnot significant differenceobserved amongfour soils; The content of total volatile organic acids was 70.03 mg/g,which was significantly higher thanthose inyellow soil and red soil. Malic acid was 45.10 mg/g,whichwas the highest among the foursoils. The physical characteristics of volcanic ash soilsseems to beimportant factorsfor highquality tobacco with characteristicsin volcanic ash soil.

Altitude suitability of K326, Hongda and Yunyan87 in 4 main tobacco growing townships in Tengchong and Changning counties of Baoshan municipality were studied. Data were collected from experiments carried out in 48 sites of paddy or red soil of every 100m within altitude range of 1450m to 2150m, where other cultivation conditions were as consistent as possible. Effects of altitude and soil type on physical properties and chemical components of flue-cured tobacco were analyzed. Results showed that within altitude range of 1400m to 2200m, significant (p<0.05) or highly significant (p<0.01) negative correlations existed between altitude and ratio of leaf length to width, total N, K and content of nicotine. Significant (p<0.05) or highly significant (p<0.01) positive correlations existed between altitude and content of total sugar and reducing sugar. The effect of altitude on physical properties and chemical components were higher than that of soil. K326 and Hongda were more sensitive to altitude than Yunyan87. Leaves of K326 and Hongda from 1400m to 1800m altitude were of better industrial value (p<0.05) than that from 1800m to 2200m.

The correlations between soil nutrients in Baoshan and the contents of chemical components in flue-cured tobacco were analyzed with descriptive statistics analysis and canonical correlation analysis.The results indicated that:1)Soils in tobacco-growing in Baoshan were generally rich in nutrients but the nutrients were not evenly distributed.The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar were higher,the contents of nicotine and total N were suitable,the contents of K and Cl were lower in flue-cured tobacco;2)Within a certain range,there was significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the contents of nicotine,total N in flue-cured tobacco and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable N,available B in soil,a significant or extremely significant positive correlation between the contents of total sugar,reducing sugar,ratio of potassium to chlorine,ratio of total sugar to nicotine,ratio of total N to nicotine in flue-cured tobacco and the contents of available P,available Mg in soil;3)In order to improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Baoshan,it was necessary to control N fertilizer,apply more P and trace elements and promote the utilization of K fertilizer in soil.

Field experiments were conducted to study the effect of by mixing volcanic gravel into soil on growth,tobacco diseases,yield,chemical composition and contents of the pigment and polyphenol of flue-cured tobacco in Tengchong,Yunnan province.The results showed that in paddy fields experiment,tobacco of the treatment grew more rapidly at the early growth stage and had significant difference(P0.05),the yield was about 3 247.05 kg/hm2and the economic value was about 57 148.08 yuan/hm2,they all were significantly higher than CK(P0.05),the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco was more harmonious,the content of the pigment was higher but there was no significant difference on the content of polyphenol.In the dry land experiment,the incidence and disease index of tobacco brown spot and TMV in the treatment were lower significantly than CK(P0.05),the economic value was about 4 8407.13 yuan/hm2,the proportion of middle-superior leaf was about 72.10% and the average price was about 17.3 yuan/kg,they all were significantly higher than CK(P0.05),the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco was more harmonious,there was no significant difference on the content of polyphenol and pigment.

农药残留是影响烟叶安全性的重要问题之一.从烟草生产中使用的农药及其残留的降解途径、目前国内外制定的农药残留限量标准和烟草生产、加工和燃吸过程中农药残留消解动态等方面,对近年来取得的研究结果进行了综述,并展望了消除消费者对卷烟抽吸安全性的顾虑,控制卷烟烟气中农药残留,提高烟叶及卷烟吸食安全性的有效措施.

Using flue-cured tobacco cv.K326 as material,the plant growth and leaf glandular trichomes development of flue-cured tobacco in the deficiency of nutrient elements during plant growing were studied.The results indicated that a deficiency of N,P,K,Mg not only negatively affected the growth of tobacco plant,but also had a significant effect on the growth and development of leaf glandular trichomes.N deficiency would decrease leaf area and stimulate the growth of various glandular trichomes,and the density of glandular trichome increased accordingly,while P,K,Mg deficiency would reduce the density of glandular trichome greatly besides leaf area reduction.Therefore,sufficient P,K,Mg nutrients application in the early growth stage of tobacco plant is particularly important for enhancing glandular trichome density and glandular secretion of tobacco leaves.

Morphology and ultrastructure differences of tobacco leaf trichome during growth were studied by micro techniques.The whole development process could be divided into growing stage,mature stage,and secretory stage.During growing stage,the head cells of trichome,with thick cytoplasm,rich mitochondrias and mature chloroplasts,grew and proliferated vigorously.During mature stage,cell division stopped,and the morphology of trichome development finished.The chloroplast-particle layer disappeared,and the osmiophilic particles accumulated gradually,which suggested that the substance synthesized and transformed actively in the trichome.While the trichome began to secrete,the viscosity of trichome cells increased.The chloroplast degraded completely,and the osmiophilic substances was dispersed into cytoplasm and accumulated along the plasmalemma.At the same time the whole cell also began to degrade.

Quantity analyses of cigarettes consumption data and factors affecting the demand of cigarettes in Zhangzhou were carried out by Partial Least-Squares(PLS) regression.According to the analysis,the type cigarettes of first and second are the growth pole of cigarettes consumption in Zhangzhou,the third and fourth are becoming the capital cigarette consumption type and the fifth is exiting the market progressively.The cumulative fraction of the sum of squares(SS) of all the Y and Z variables explained by all extracted components were 99.2% and 99.6% while the cumulative overall cross-validated R2Z for the component was 0.99.All the points consisted of the observed and predicted values fell close to the 45 degree line of regression plot and the regression coefficient was 0.9966.So,the forecast pattern was a good model.Consumer fixed-base price index is the most influence factor of cigarettes consumption.As increasing of GDP,rapid growing of every industry and improving of people′s livelihood,the demand of cigarettes will increase.Raise cigarettes retail price properly could reduce cigarettes consumption.

Objective:To analyze comprehensively the effects of human being after took nicotine and to understand objectively the methods to stop smoking and utilize nicotine.Methods:We summarized the previous reports and documents in various aspects.Results:Studies indicated that nicotine could be involved in the pathogenesis of several cognition disorders to protect the nerve such as Alzheimer's disease,Parkinson's disease and epilepsy.It was also applied in inflammation diseases and helped to improve the memory and attention.However,smoking was regard to leading to chronic obstructive diseases,atherosclerosis,cardiovascular disease,emphysema and even lung cancer.Conclusion:Apparently,it was not scientific to take nicotine via smoking.Due to minimize the side effects,it was necessary to be cautious when utilized nicotine in clinical application,especially with the non-smoking patients.

According to the regulations on cigarette package and label in Framework Convention on Tobacco Control,the recent progress in the basic attitude of participants,the pattern,language and rotation of health warning,and the release of information about ingredients and smoke deliveries was analyzed.It provided a reference for relevant regulation drafting in China.

Ultrastructure differences of flue-cured tobacco leaf trichome under water stress were studied by transmission electron microscope.Results showed that the top cell of trichome under normal irrigated condition contained abundant organelles in the cytoplasm,and a great deal of the dark small osmiophilic droplet existed in the vacuole.Under mild drought stress,the number of organelles decreased,vacuole enlarged,and the number of dark osmiophilic droplet increased.In severe drought stress,the trichome top cell contained fewer organelles in the cytoplasm and more osmiophilic droplets.Some cells,were dissolved.

The current status of Banning or Restricting Tobacco Advertising in different countries and regions was analysed in the context of WHO's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) entering into force. Suggestions for future tobacco advertising in the changing environment were made with references to FCTC articles on tobacco advertising.

本调查报告对我国履行<烟草控制框架公约>之前的基本情况分15个专题所采集的资料进行分析认为:关注健康成为人类社会文明进步的主流,但未来一段时间内吸烟人口将不会有很大变化.中国已经形成了比较完备的控烟法规体系.烟草业要努力降焦减害,树立负责任的社会形象.要关注卷烟包装、烟草税收、烟草走私、未成年人吸烟等问题,使履约控烟和烟草经济平衡发展.烟草业履约的基本思路是:关注健康,履行义务,加强自律,平衡发展.

悬浮培养中烟草（Nicotianatabacum）发状根的生长及烟碱合成受到基本培养基浓度、初始pH值、激素种类和浓度等因素的影响。一个5cm长的根尖,悬浮在40mL、pH值为6.0、附加1.0mg.L-1IAA的1/2MS液体培养基中,28℃、散光条件下培养30天,烟碱产量可达0.241mg.mL-1。

一、世界卫生组织在烟草控制中的作用 世界卫生组织(WHO)是联合国下属的一个专门机构,其前身可以追溯到1907年成立于巴黎的国际公共卫生局和1920年成立于日内瓦的国际联盟卫生组织.1946年7月,64个国家的代表在美国纽约举行了一次国际卫生会议,签署了<世界卫生组织组织法>.1948年4月7日,该法得到26个联合国会员国批准后生效,世界卫生组织宣告成立.每年的4月7日也就成为全球性的"世界卫生日".同年6月24日,WHO在日内瓦召开的第一届世界卫生大会上正式成立,总部设在瑞士日内瓦.

文章在对"吸烟与健康"的早期研究、世界卫生组织烟草控制的历史,以及<烟草控制框架公约>的制定过程进行了简要回顾的基础上(见本文第1部分),全面概括了其主要内容,并就其对烟草业的影响进行分析,探讨了在未来履行公约具体义务的过程中,烟草业可采取的有关应对措施.

文章对"吸烟与健康"的早期研究、世界卫生组织烟草控制的历史、<烟草控制框架公约>的制定过程进行了简要回顾,并对世界卫生组织制定<公约>的主要目的进行了分析,为烟草业全面研究分析其可能产生的影响,探讨在未来履行公约具体义务的前提下,烟草业可采取的有关措施提供背景资料和相关依据.