数据中心建设背景 随着自然资源部的成立,自然资源的管理工作已成为重要任务之一,然而各种数据以不同的格式、标准存在于不同的管理部门中,充分利用数据资源,从实用性、创新性等方面谋划建立数据中心,可对数据进行有效管理、高效利用,并为规划、监管、分析决策提供数据支撑.自然资源数据中心作为数据存储、管理、加工、展示和服务决策的机制,利用大数据、云计算、数据库管理和GIS技术,并结合实际工作情况,提高了数据中心的分析处理能力,实现数据中心对数据管理能力的大幅提升.同时,数据的三维建模也是非常重要的发展方向之一,然而目前自然资源领域三维可视化的发展滞后,严重制约了管理部门对自然资源最大限度的管控.

笔者利用岩石薄片、铸体薄片、压汞和物性等资料,对富-黄地区延长组储层特征进行了深入研究,多角度分析影响富-黄地区储层物性的因素.研究表明,研究区沉积岩石类型主要为长石砂岩,填隙物为杂基和胶结物,杂基含量偏少,以水云母为主;胶结物含量偏高,其中方解石含量最高,硬石膏含量最低;孔隙类型以粒间孔和溶蚀孔为主;喉道偏细,表现为微细吼道和微吼道;储层物性较差,为低孔、低渗-超低渗储层,储集空间以孔隙为主;研究区沉积微相中分流河道物性最好,河口坝、席状砂其次,浊积扇最差.综合研究认为,压实作用和胶结作用是富-黄地区延长组储层形成特低孔渗储层的最主要原因.

富县槐农地区长6油层组成岩作用主要包括压实、胶结、溶解及交代作用四种,具有良好的期次性,成岩顺序为:机械压实→早期黏土膜形成→少量方解石沉淀→长石颗粒溶解→石英次生加大→石油侵位→晚期铁方解石充填→晚期白云石充填或交代碎屑颗粒,进入晚成岩阶段A期;压实和胶结作用破坏储层的孔渗性,溶解作用改善储层孔渗性,交代作用基本不改变储集空间.综合薄片鉴定、扫描电镜等相关资料,将富县槐农地区长6油层组成岩相划为4类:紧密压实相、方解石胶结相、长石溶蚀相和早期绿泥石薄膜相;其中以早期绿泥石薄膜成岩相为主导的区域为有利成岩相,是下步勘探的重点.

在前人研究基础上,对鄂尔多斯盆地腰坪地区地区延长组油藏分布规律及成藏主控因素进行研究表明,该区延长组油藏为典型的岩性油藏,油气主要富集在有利相带的主砂体发育部位,以岩性上倾尖灭油藏或透镜状砂岩油藏为主,在单斜构造的鼻状隆起部位,容易形成构造岩性油藏,油藏具有连通性差,非均质性强等特点.油藏平面上主要分布在浊积水道砂体中,纵向上油藏主要分布在长6-2、长6-3油层组,其次是长7油层组,油藏的形成和富集主要受油源条件、沉积微相和储层物性变化、鼻状隆起构造等几个方面的因素控制.

对鄂尔多斯盆地黄陵上畛子地区延长组长6油层组储层岩性 、物性 、电性与含油性特征及其关系进行了深入分析和研究,并进一步将该区长6储层分为产油层(油水同层)、产水层 、混合区(产油 、产水层混合区)以及干层四类,基于测井标准化,建立了目标区长6储层流体识别标准,经实例验证有效,为该地区快速准确识别产油层提供了有力技术支撑,具有重要的指导意义.

对目标区长8油层组岩心薄片、录井等数据资料统计,长8油层组储层岩性以细粒长石砂岩为主,石英含量20％～25％,长石含量49％～62％,填隙物以绿泥石为主,含量2％～5％,沥青质胶结,储层分选程度较好,以粒间孔为主;对岩心测量物性数据统计,长8油层组储层整体属于低孔低渗、特低渗储层,如下图1、图2所示,储层孔隙度主体分布范围7％～13％,储层渗透率主体分布范围0.1～1×10-3μm2,空间非均质性较强,孔隙结构复杂,储层分类及有效性评价难度较大;由于低孔、低渗(特低渗)储层微渗流作用使得泥饼不易形成,泥浆侵入较深,侵入带半径较大,进而改变了井眼周围地层原状流体分布,影响测井数据流体指示;同时,由于储层孔隙结构复杂,油气富集程度受烃源岩、储层物性、局部构造等多重因素控制,油水分异差,含油饱和度通常较低,测井信噪比较低,常规测井数据负载信息有限等因素均导致产油层与产水层电性特征差异小.

Understanding the macrostructure and microscopic characteristics of reservoirs is of great significance to the future petroleum exploration.This paper focus on the Zengcha Area in Ordos Basin,where new oil reservoirs have been found in recent years but the research level still need improve.According to the massive data of reck thin section,cathodoluminescence,scanning electron microscope and the physical property analysis,in the context of distributionof the sedimentary sand body of the sedimentary sand body distribution,the reservoir characteristics and control factors of Yan'an Formation and Yanchang Formation were compared and analyzed.The results show that the rock types of the Yan'an Formation and the Yanchang Formation are mainly composed of medium-fine quartz arenite and arkose.The cement content of Yanchang Formation was larger than Yan'an Formation,and the cement is dominated by calcite and chlorite.The main pore type of the reservoir is intergranular,whereas feldspar,cuttings and intercrystauine solution pores are also identified.In general,the pore structure and physical properties of the reservoirs in Yan'an Formation are better than those in Yanchang Formation.In Yanchang Formation,the Chang 6 is better than the Chang 4 + 5,Chang 7 and Chang 9.In Zengcha Area,the development of reservoirs is controlled by the coupling of sedimentation and diagenesis,the physical properties of the point bar and braid bar are generally better than the channels,and distributary channels in the delta front are generally better than levees.The destructive impact of cementation and compaction on reservoir is greater in Yanchang Formation,where the dissolution is more abundant.Secondary pore formed by dissolution is the main factor enhancing reservoir property in Yanchang Formation.Although the carbonate cement content in the studied reservoir is high,the dissolution is relative weak;the impact of carbonate cement on reservoirs is mainly manifested by the destruction of physical property of reserviors.

According to the characteristics,origin,source and distribution,the crude oil of the Albian Sendji Formation of deepwater area in the northwest Lower Congo Basin is generally light crude oil based on the study of the physical parameters,stable carbon isotope and biomarker compounds of 15 crude oil samples from 7 wells in the area.It reveals that the crude oil of the Sendji Formation in the 3 oilfields on the landward is characterized by lacustrine crude oil,which is derived from the lacustrine hydrocarbon source rock of the subsalt lake.However,the crude oil from the Sendji Formation of the MOHO oilfield in the ultra deepwater area on the seaward area,shows characteristics of marine crude oil,possibly resulted from the marine source rocks of Likouala Formation.Generally,lacustrine oil is mainly distributed in the landward side of the shallow water and part of the deep water area,marine crude oil is mainly distributed in seaward side of deepwater and ultra deepwater,and the mixed oil with lacustrine and marine facies is in the middle transitional zone.

借助丰富的岩心物性分析、铸体薄片、压汞、扫描电镜、阴极发光等资料,对研究区的储层特征进行了分析,长8油层组储层主要以长石砂岩为主,其次为岩屑质长石砂岩.砂岩碎屑成分以长石为主,其次为云母、石英以及各类岩屑和少量的重矿物,分选较好.胶结物以碳酸盐胶结物为主,其次是粘土胶结、以及少量的硅质和铁质胶结.研究区长8油层组为特低孔、特低渗储层,次生孔隙较为发育.沉积作用是研究区储层物性的主要因素.此外成岩作用对储层物性也有一定的影响.研究区储层有利的成岩作用主要有溶蚀作用,而胶结作用、压实作用等会使储层的孔隙降低,储层物性变差.

陕北斜坡位于鄂尔多斯盆地东缘，区域内地质构造活动较弱，地层发育平缓，缺乏有利于油气聚集的二级构造带和构造圈闭，宏观上主控于岩性影响，形成了低渗复杂岩性圈闭类型油气藏，岩性油气藏有着复杂的矿物组分、孔隙结构、粒度分布及薄互层等特征，导致油水层电性差异小，电测井识别困难。

储层”四性”关系研究是指对储集层的岩性、物性、电性及含油性特征进行分析,并对其相互间关系研究,此项工作是储层流体识别、储量参数计算、试油试采、选层选段的基础.鄂尔多斯盆地是一个大型中生代内陆坳陷型盆地,油气资源丰富[1-2].郑寨子地区位于鄂尔多斯盆地中部,行政区划属陕西省榆林市旬定边县东勘探面积约600多平方公里,目前开发层系包括长8、长6、延10、延8等,主力产层长6-1发育低阻油层,具有较好的勘探潜力,对该地区开展储层四性关系分析尤其是低阻油层识别具有重要的意义,这将为该区进一步开发评价和增储增产,提供了有力依据[8-13].因延8等层试油仅个别井出油,动态及岩心数据较少,目前不足以支撑储层四性分析及流体识别等研究,本次研究重点是对目标区长6低阻储层四性关系及其流体识别方法进行了研究.

系统采集鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界的烃源岩、富县地区延长组原油及油砂样品,对它们的饱和烃馏分进行GC-MS分析,通过对生物标志物组成特征的研究探讨富县地区延长组原油的来源.结果表明:根据Pr/Ph,8β(H)-补身烷和C30重排藿烷相对含量,鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界烃源岩可划分为A1、A2、A3、A4、B类,富县地区延长组原油可划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类,目前发现的原油主要是第Ⅰ类;第Ⅰ类原油来自A,类烃源岩(深湖相沉积相带的长7油页岩),第Ⅱ类原油来自A2类烃源岩(深湖—半深湖沉积相带的长7暗色泥岩),第Ⅲ类原油来自A3类烃源岩(半深湖沉积相带的长7暗色泥岩).

致密油是继页岩气之后全球非常规油气勘探开发的又一新热点,被中国石油界广泛关注,但目前对致密油的定义还存在诸多分歧.基于鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油特征分析,从致密储层物性、可动流体等方面对致密油定义进行深入研究,综合勘探开发成果确定延长组致密油渗透率界限,进而探讨致密油的定义标准.研究结果表明,鄂尔多斯盆地延长组致密油成藏条件良好,主力层系为长6、长7、长8及长9油层组,盆地中部及南部深湖相沉积发育区是最有利的致密油勘探区.综合分析测井、物性、可动流体、主流喉道半径、启动压力梯度、原油粘度、压力系数以及试油试采等资料,提出利用致密油储层六参数法对鄂尔多斯盆地延长组储层分类标准进行调整,将延长组致密油渗透率界定为小于0.5×10-3 μm2,主要包括致密砂岩油和页岩油.其他盆地或油田应结合实际地质特征及勘探开发实践对致密油进行定义.

综合分析鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长探区的岩心、测井、铸体薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光、X衍射、压汞分析等资料,对研究区长8油层组储层特征以及影响因素进行研究.结果表明长8油层组主要为长石砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,成分成熟度低、结构成熟度中等;储层孔隙类型多样,粒间孔和长石溶孔为主要的储集空间,喉道类型以小孔微喉型为主;物性特点为典型的低孔低渗储层;储层明显受沉积相和成岩作用的综合影响.最有利的沉积微相为沉积厚度大、粒度较粗的水下分流河道微相;同时,建设性及破坏性成岩作用对储层物性改造具有双重作用,建设性成岩作用由于溶蚀作用使得物性变好,而破坏性成岩作用由于胶结及压实致使物性变差.

充分利用大量的测井资料对研究区延长组烃源岩的有效性进行全井段整体研究,克服了可能会由地球化学资料不系统、单井地球化学数值不连续等方面的局限性而造成的对有效烃源岩空间分布特征难以把握的困难,提出了用优质烃源岩体积与有效烃源岩体积的比值作为有效烃源岩分布质量评价参数,运用该参数可以较好地评价研究区延长组不同油层组烃源岩的有效性及品质,比较客观地揭示了研究区有效烃源岩分布明显受沉积环境的控制,靠近湖盆中央的深湖—半深湖相带是优质烃源岩的主要发育区,同时预测了研究区常规与非常规油气勘探的重点区域.

We studied the distribution and main controlling factors of the reservoirs of the Yanchang formation in the Xuyi area, southern Ordos Basin. The results showed that the reservoir is a typical lithologic reservoir, with the characteristics of poor connectivity and strong heterogeneity. The reservoir is mainly distributed in the plane underwater distributary channel and mouth bar sand, longitudinally developing 7 sets of oil-bearing strata. The formation and accumulation of reservoir were mainly controlled by oil source conditions, change of sedimentary microfacies and reservoir properties, tectonic uplift nose and fractures.

In the eastern part of the junggar basin jurassic coal bearing strata mainly Badaowan and Xishanyao formation as the research object, through a large number of drilling core observation,combined with previous research, analysis of coal bearing strata lithologic features and characteristics of lithofacies paleogeography, the mid-Badaowan formation was the maximum flooding period, and the late Badaowan and Xishanyao formation as the most important coal-forming period, identify the deep lake,semi-deep lake-shallow lake, braided river delta, meandering river delta, braided river, meandering rivers, swamps and fan delta sedimentary environments, the braided river delta and meandering river delta is the most favourable coal forming environments.

Aimed at the problem that cannot make sure each slug’s function during water-CO2 alternate flooding in heterogeneous reservoirs, in heterogeneous core model, four contrast experiments for studying water-CO2 alternate flooding and water-CO2 alternate flooding after gas injection with different patterns were carried out. The results indicate that the water-CO2 alternate flooding, continuous gas injection, intermittent injection-production, cyclic gas injection can increase the recovery by 78%, 41.9%, 32.2%, 42.3%. And the water-CO2 alternate flooding after carrying out the last three gas injection patterns can increase the flooding recovery by 9.5%,43.7% and 16.6% again. In heterogeneous core model,water-CO2 alternate flooding can increase pressure gradient,expand swept volume and enhance oil recovery;CO2 slug is main slug to displace residual oil, water slug play a major role in increasing CO2 slug flow resistance.

统计与分析鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组84口井具有代表性的139块样品的典型孔隙结构特征参数,探讨其与物性及驱油效率的关系.结果表明鄂尔多斯盆地南部延长组孔隙结构参数中的排驱压力、中值压力与物性呈负相关性,中值半径、喉道直径均值、分选系数与物性呈正相关性,孔隙结构系数、均质系数与物性基本不具有相关性;驱油效率与孔隙结构参数之间存在一定的相关关系,总体而言,孔隙结构对驱油效率影响的机理较复杂,非简单的线性关系.