针对弱胶结砂岩储层阳离子稳砂剂体系耐冲蚀性能差、稳砂有效期短问题,研发了一种集合树脂胶结剂强度好、季铵盐渗透率伤害小等特点MS型分子膜稳定剂体系,并对其分子结构、分子膜耐冲刷性、稳砂抑砂性、流体渗流性能进行了评价.研究结果表明,MS分子膜稳定剂体系具有较高强度,拉伸强度为2.5 MPa、断裂伸长率可达112％,耐冲蚀性能较好.MS稳定剂具有较强的稳砂抑砂能力,MS稳定剂质量分数为2％、处理量2.0 PV、处理时间8 h时,出砂浓度低于0.15 g/L;MS稳定剂具有阻水不阻油的功能,质量分数2％、注入体积2.5 PV、处理时间8 h时,岩心水相渗透率从510×10-3μm2降至450×10-3μm2,而油相渗透率几乎未变,在782×10-3μm2左右.稳定剂MS通过物理吸附、化学胶结实现对弱胶结地层微粒原位稳定,达到防止出砂目的.

成膜型控砂剂有效期取决于其在储层孔隙表面的吸附性能.为了延长成膜型控砂剂有效期,采用分子力学与蒙特卡洛相结合的方法研究了不同阳离子化合物在岩石表面的吸附性能,根据分子模拟结果设计和制备了两亲型有机阳离子聚合物作为新型成膜型控砂剂,研究了成膜型控砂剂的耐冲刷性能,并在胜利油田进行了现场应用.模拟计算结果表明,二酸类单体己二酸(HDA)、二胺类单体对环己二胺(DM1)与水互溶差而与油互溶性好,HDA-DM1型聚酰胺链段具有较好的吸附性能,在石英上的吸附能为-56.34 kcal/mol,热力学和机械性能较好.按照HDA-DM1结构合成的嵌段型高分子控砂剂具有良好的耐冲刷能力,耐冲刷性能高于标准要求的3倍以上.成膜型控砂剂在胜利油田应用达10口井,控砂效果较好,控砂有效期长.

覆膜砂防砂是主要的化学防砂技术之一,是胜利油田疏松砂岩油藏化学防砂的主导技术,在疏松砂岩油藏的开发中得到了大面积的应用,为低油价下油田的效益开发提供了技术支撑.针对该技术在应用过程中暴露的反应速度慢,固结强度低,候凝时间长的问题,进行了一系列室内实验,在不同的温度下,对软化剂、固化剂、调节剂的配比等进行了优化研究,形成了覆膜砂快速固砂技术.改进后固砂体系固化时间为24 h,固结强度大于3.5 MPa.该技术在16口井的现场试验表明,固砂有效率明显提高,有效期明显延长.

The Shengli Oilfield has about 730 large differential pressure wells,accounting for 17％ of the total injection wells.The general qualified rate of injection interval is only about 67.5％.Conventional testing and adjusting integration technology can not address the large differential pressurese parate layer water injection.Therefore,the large differential pressure pre-throttling integrated testing and adjusting has been developed.The pre-throttling integrated testing and adjusting water regulation technology has been studied to address the low qualified rate injection well section,forming arational water distribution technology for large layer pressure difference between 5 ～ 12 MPa.The anti-creep sealing technology has been researched to address the string creeping and the consequent reduced string service life due to the large pressure difference between the layers,forming the large differential pressure pre-throttling integrated testing and adjusting technology.Once the developed string run in,the water injection packer is set by the pressure difference of tubing and casing,then,the water regulator opens automatically to inject water.After stable water injection is achieved,the integrated testing and adjusting tool could be run to test and regulate each layer.The application results of 115 wells showed that the developed technology has effectively reduced the interlayer interference and realize layer sealing and effective water injection in the large differential pressure well,improving the qualified rate of the water injection interval.The conclusion could provide technical support for water flooding of blocks with large interlayer difference.

测调一体化分层注水技术测试调配效率高,已逐渐成为胜利油田分层注水主导工艺技术.结合油田油藏特征,胜利油田对测调一体化技术进行了改进和完善,并主要对配水器进行技术改进,设计了常规式、大压差式、免开式系列化可调配水器,满足了不同类型分层注水管柱的需求.同时针对高温高压注水需求开展了高温、高压密封材料优化研究,以满足120°、35 MPa高温高压注水需求;针对大斜度定向井,设计了测调仪器的滚轮式扶正装置,提高对井斜的适应性,满足井斜60°以内的测试调配.近年来,胜利油田推广应用测调一体化分层注水技术取得了良好效果,油田分注率、层段合格率效果均明显提升,为提高油田注水效果提供了技术支持.

生物膜(Biofilm)是在相对封闭水环境体系中形成的一层微生物膜.本文研究了在史深100污水生物膜生成过程中水质细菌量、化学需氧量(CODcr)、硫化物含量、悬浮物含量等的变化,进而探讨了生物膜的形成对水质的变化影响规律.研究结果表明,随培养时间的延长,史深100污水细菌菌量、CODcr值、硫化物含量、悬浮物含量均有先增大后减小的变化趋势,而水质中Fe2+含量则近似呈逐渐增大趋势,表明了史深100污水腐蚀、结垢主要是由于史深100污水中生物繁殖发育,生物膜的形成导致史深100污水在注水过程中水质不稳定,腐蚀、结垢严重.图1表4参14

According to the reservoir characteristics and water flooding situation in Shengli Oil-field,the status of process technology of separate layer water injection were summarized.And,the new progress of separate layer water injection technology in recent years was introduced in detail, including the field application of 4 techniques such as high temperature deep layer water injection technology,layered sand and layered water injection integration technology,anti-flowback layered water injection technology and measuring and adjusting integration layer water injection technolo-gy.The further development of separate layer water injection technology was prospected accord-ing to the demand of Shengli oilfield.

Shengli oilfield was mainly developed by water flooding .There were 1 954 layers that had not adequate water injection ,which was short of 8 .6 × 104 m3 per day .There were 576 layers in low permeability oilfield among them ,which was short of 1 .2 × 104 m3 per day .The main plugging removal and increase injection techniques at home and abroad are described in this paper .Particularly ,the development of these techniques in Shengli oilfield was summarized ,and the fitting injection measures were collected according to different short shot reasons in Shengli oilfield .The acidification with hydrochloric acid and mud acid in mid-high permeability reservoir and plug removal ,matrix processing and activity of decreasing pressure and augmented injection technology in low permeability oilfield are implemented .In the aspect of physical stimulation , the technologies such as hydraulic deep penetration perforation ,horizontal well drilling technolo-gy and the radial vibration of plugging removal technology ,and added the matching technology of preprocessing and post discharge were mainly implemented .With the application of new technol-ogy ,the surface modification of increasing injection technology ,and pulse plugging removal test application technology conditions were analyzed .Finally ,the research direction for the next step was put forward ,aiming at the problems in short injection .

针对胜利油田低渗透油藏注水开发过程中欠注原因复杂,处理难度大,化学酸化处理半径小等问题,引进了聚能冲压复合解堵增注技术.该技术是一项集物理增注与化学增注为一体的增注技术,它一方面利用其物理特性实现解堵,另一方面又利用酸化的优势,实现低渗透油藏的深部解堵及渗流能力的改善,具有增注效果好,有效期长的特点.现场26口注水井的试验结果表明,聚能冲压复合解堵增注技术有效率90％,平均单井累计增注在3 000 m3以上,有效期超过180 d.该技术的实施对于进一步挖掘剩余油潜力和提高水驱油藏采收率具有重要意义.

提出了最低井底流压及最大提液量的计算公式,以CB11D-2井为例对单井最大提液量进行了计算,并通过实际测压资料对其进行拟合和校正,利用同样的方法对其它6口井也进行了提液潜力分析。结果表明,在目前含水条件下,这7口单井尚有平均87.3t/d的提液潜力。

In order to study the polymer used for chemical displacement in Chengdao Oilfield of Shengli Oilfield,experiments were performed to study the shearing retention rate of different concentrations of polymer fluids flowing through ordinary metal felt,hydrophobic metal felt,wrapping wire and other three types of screens under different injecting flow rates.Experiments results show that based on precision of sand barrier,the field sand retention accuracy demand is satisfied with oilfield requirements compared with ordinary metal felt and hydrophobic metal felt,the shearing retention rate of polymer fluid flowing through wire wrapped screen with 0.1mm accuracy is the highest,average value is more than 96%.Under the same accuracy,the viscosity retention rate of hydrophobic metal felt screen is much higher than that of ordinary melt felt screen.In combination with special offshore oilfield conditions,coating hydrophobic metal felt screen is recommended.

Integrated testing and allocating technologies are used for hollow water segregator in water injection wells to aim at the issues such as the huge difficulties in the testing, the low accuracy in the allocating, the high cost and the long time it takes. According to the theory of mechanical and electrical integration, we adopt the method of testing the injection well while the allocating is going on to make these two processes successful. So while down the instrument to the hole once, the testing and allocating for all layers could be finished. This technology has increased the accuracy of flow regulation, reduced the workload, and greatly raised the efficiency. Pilot test with 9 operations has launched and the success rate of treatment has reached to 100% with 90% allocating accuracy.

针对胜利油田水平井套管出现多段破损或长段破损,在直井上采用的常规工艺技术难以解决水平井段套管长距离多处损坏的问题,开展了水平井在Φ177.8mm套管内下Φ127mm套管卡堵技术的研究与应用.该工艺采用Φ127mm无接箍套管及扩大通径为核心的悬挂丢手封隔器、液压封隔器、安全接头等,并应用封隔器水平液压坐封工艺,具有施工工艺简单、周期短、成本低、留井内通径大,后期作业和措施难度相对较小等特点,可作为水平井套损停产恢复的替代技术.文中介绍了这种卡堵方式的原理和施工工艺以及在胜利油田试验应用情况.

针对埕岛油田先后采用的3种分层防砂分层注水工艺存在的问题,开发了液控式分层注水工艺技术.该技术可有效地解决目前可洗井注水封隔器分层可靠性差的问题,既提高了分注合格率,又解决了可洗井封隔器反洗排量小、反洗通道易堵塞、反洗不彻底的问题,实现了全井筒大排量洗井.埕岛油田CB1B-4井的现场试验表明,该技术可有效缓解目前埕岛油田层间开发矛盾,提高注采对应率,对于降低含水上升率及提高单层开采效果,具有决定性的意义.

The ordinary tubing anchoring tool used in large-deviation directional well has such problems as loose anchoring and difficult releasing. Therefore, a kind of energy-storage forcible releasing tubing anchoring tool is developed. The elastic energy-storage latching mechanism and forcible releasing mechanism are designed in the tool for effectively solving the above problems. The field application in more than 40 wells indicates that the tool features simple technique and convenient operation with 100% of success rate. The tool, after anchored, is difficult to be loosened, but easy to be released. It is an ideal tubing anchoring tool for large-deviation directional well.

渤深6区块地层埋藏深、温度高(160℃以上),压力系数大,一般的地面直读固定式压力计无法满足要求.为了搞好该区块的产能建设,认识储层物性,确定合理的工作制度,采用了毛细管测压系统.该技术具有井下装置结构简单、无易损件、能承受高温、安装和操作简单、数据地面直读、测压精度高、时间长等特点,能适用于各种超深、高温、高压井测试.

针对电潜泵在胜利浅海油田稠油开发中遇到的问题,研制了电潜泵泵下电加热装置,并配套形成了适合海上电潜泵管柱的泵下电加热技术.该技术可以有效降低电潜泵吸入口处原油粘度,减小电潜泵机组负荷,提高泵效,增加原油产量;动力电缆与筛管式加热器同时发热,保证了全井筒的原油温度,同时耐温耐压能力强,抗挤毁强度高,使用寿命长;该技术可与潜油螺杆泵等技术配套应用,解决部分稠油井稠油在井筒中流动困难和难以举升的问题.该技术在胜利浅海油田的应用取得了较好的效果.

With the further exploration of oilfield, there are some heavy-deviated and much deeper wells need to be fractured. The pipe strings being used now for well fracture all have shortcomings in fracture operation of heavy-deviated and much deeper wells, that decreases the success ratio of fracture operation. This paper analyses the characteristics of present pipe strings for fracture operation, and put forwards a new pipe string that is easy to be set, to be checked, to be released and suitable for heavy-deviated and much deeper well.

针对浅海油田开发和安全环保的要求,研制了SC35-120A型井下安全阀.该型阀由控制总成、蝶阀总成及锁定总成等3部分组成,其打开压力13.3～15.4 MPa,关闭压力4.8～5.2 MPa,液压系统和阀板密封严密,能承受51.3～53.9 MPa内压,安全控制可靠,各项指标均达到设计要求,并符合API Spec 14A中1级阀标准.该型阀已在胜利浅海油田的10余口油井中做了现场应用,除1口井内的安全阀因地质原因起出外,其余都在正常使用.现场应用证明,SC35-120A型井下安全阀的各项性能指标均能满足浅海及海洋油田油井井控要求.

针对目前胜利油田探井试油在录取含水、流量、温度、压力等试油数据时测量精度低、容易存在人为误差和测试数据不连续等问题,研制开发了IMM-I型单井井口多参数智能计量装置.这种装置主要由测试模块、数据采集模块和气体分离模块3部分组成.实现了测试自动化操作和油井采出液连续不分离自动计量,并且整个装置为橇装式,便于移动安装,能满足探井试油、稠油、低边远井的精确计量和测试需要.测取资料准确、可靠.