孤岛含硫化氢井井数多,分布广,治理难度大,高含硫化氢井主要集中在蒸汽驱区块,主要采用单井井口套管投加脱硫剂治理,效果较好.随着外围油田开发,垦西油田部分区块的非热采井生产出现高含硫化氢气体,分布较广,药剂用量大,综合治理成本高.同时外围油田采出液矿化度高,常规脱硫剂配伍性差,促进结垢影响生产.非热采井无稳定的高温高压环境,其硫化氢产生原因尚不明确,无较好的针对性治理措施.该文针对孤岛外围油田区块,明确非热采井硫化氢产生机理,开展非热采井生物脱硫技术研究,现场应用取得明显效果,有效解决生产现场的安全和环境问题,具有良好的推广前景.

近年来,随着孤岛油田持续开发,硫化氢井井数逐渐增多,特别是采油管理八区、九区等管理区,硫化氢问题日益突出.同时外围区块存在采出液与常规脱硫剂配伍性差、脱硫剂用量大成本高等问题.通过分析孤岛油田外围区块硫化氢成因,优化脱硫剂配方,开展生物脱硫抑硫技术研究,完善配套加药工艺,形成了针对不同性质采出液的系列脱硫技术,现场应用取得良好成效.

随着稠油开采规模逐步加大,孤六联稠油采出液油水分离问题日益突出.为了提高破乳剂在较低温度下的脱水速度,利用改性淀粉作为起始剂,加入环氧乙烷、苄基氯和有机胺合成了一种破乳增效剂.室内实验表明:破乳剂与破乳增效剂按照6:4的比例复配投加,在55℃条件下可提高破乳剂脱水速度1倍以上.在孤六联现场实施,将破乳剂与破乳增效剂在二次罐出口按照6:4复配投加,同时优化现场加药工艺,电脱水器的处理液量由原来的1600 m3/d降至目前的1100 m3/d,减少约30％的无效加热液量;在70℃即可保证孤六联合站正常运行,原料油含水率由试验前的32％降至26％,外输原油含水率由1.1％降至0.95％,外输水含油质量浓度由900 mg/L降至800 mg/L,效果显著.

随着稠油开采规模逐步加大,孤六联稠油采出液破乳脱水难度增大,依靠提升脱水温度进行脱水大大增加了能耗,常规的聚氧乙烯、聚氧丙烯醚类非离子破乳剂对孤六联稠油脱水速度偏慢,最终脱水率偏低,严重影响了孤六联的正常生产.通过研制投加提高破乳剂脱水速度和最终脱水率的破乳增效剂,在55℃条件下可提高破乳剂脱水速度1倍以上,降低了原料油含水率,提高了加热效率.孤六联稠油采出液破乳脱水效率大幅提升,现场应用取得明显效果.

孤岛油田在多年的注聚、热采开发过程中,由于聚合物、硫化氢、二氧化碳、溶解氧及细菌等多种成分的综合作用,管线出现严重的腐蚀、结垢,造成污水管线堵塞,使联合站处理后的污水在注水系统沿程中水质不稳定.通过对污水管线堵塞物成分和结垢原因进行分析,开展化学法管线清洗解堵研究,优选反应温和的有机酸进行复配,形成了一套新型化学清垢解堵剂体系.该污水管网清垢解堵工艺能够快速清洗油泥、软化硬垢,清洗效率达到90％以上,在孤五联—孤南注污水外输管线进行现场试验,污水外输能力增加53％,施工方便且符合管线安全作业要求,经济效益显著,对其他管线作业有借鉴价值.

针对垦西垦119块超稠油粘度高、密度大,流动性差,油井举升困难的问题,室内开展加热、掺水、降粘剂、掺稀等多种降粘工艺研究、优化,优选井筒加热、套管掺稀工艺实现该块稠油正常举升,该工艺具有现场管理方便,运行平稳,可靠性高,对后期原油处理无影响等优势,垦119井实施后,平均日油6.1 t/d,日液14.3 t/d,生产平稳运行,较好解决了现场特稠油生产难题.

垦西油田部分高舍硫稠油热采井场周围存在难闻的恶臭气味,严重影响环境安全,影响油井正常生产和后续产能建设.通过对垦西含硫异味气体产生及转化机理分析,明确了含硫稠油热采井井场异味是由水热裂解反应生成的硫化氢、硫醇硫醚等各类硫化物导致的.硫醇硫醚的臭味阈值较低,在较低浓度下即有较大异味.针对硫化氢、硫醇硫醚等恶臭气体,研制井筒异味气体处理剂并配套相应的加药处理工艺,在满足现场条件下,实现快速高效除臭,解决影响油井生产的环境问题,现场应用取得明显效果.

孤岛部分稠油区块原油含硫量高在2％以上,稠油热采过程中原油中的含硫有机成分分解.生成硫化氢气体在套管内富集,对安全生产和作业造成危害.通过开发高效脱硫剂体系,将硫化氢转化为硫磺,同时研制一套可移动式撬装脱硫处理装置,实现对套管气中硫化氢的高效吸收,使处理后套管气中硫化氢含量低于最高容许浓度,并便于对不同区块的含硫油井进行处理,以解决因硫化氢影响稠油热采井作业安全的问题.

孤岛稠油产量占孤岛油田总产量的34.9％,是该油田原油上产的主阵地.随着孤岛稠油热采规模不断扩大,注蒸汽驱井组不断增加,注汽量加大,含硫化氢油井逐渐增多,治理难度大.近四年来采油厂针对孤岛稠油区块开展稠油热采硫化氢产生机理及防治对策研究,在高含硫化氢油井实施套管滴加脱硫剂工艺试验,取得较好效果.

For Kenxi Ken 71-1 block heavy oil of high viscosity, high density and poor li-quidity, difficulty of the well lifting and conveying. Indoor heating, water blending, vis-cosity agent, blending thin oil and a variety of viscosity reducing research processes is used. And meanwhile do the running cost budgeting and optimizing, optimizing wellbore electric heating, wellhead mixing hot water viscosity, mixture liquid blending thin oil on heating. Thus Kenxi Ken 71-1 block can realize normal lifting,transportation.The process is easy to realize the advantages of site management,stable operation,high reliability,no effect to lat-er crude oil treatment. Currently 8 wells are running, output of oil is 75.3 tons/day, total producing 26 600 tons of oil, deduct running cost, now total oil production efficiency can reach 19.684 million yuan.

针对胜利油田部分区块污水富余与热采注汽需用清水的矛盾，提出富余污水利用电气浮-过滤-离子交换/电渗析法深度处理后达到锅炉注汽用水替代注汽锅炉用清水的技术思路。对电渗析与离子交换进水比率为2∶1的处理污水路线产生的制水成本进行计算，其中运行成本7.85元/立方米，污泥、浓水处理及设备维护成本1.3元/立方米，总制水成本9.15元/立方米。预计试验规模产水量3000 m3/d，则年节约清水费用525.6万元(当地工业用水价按4.8元/立方米计)，年节约无效回灌费用876万元(无效回灌费用按8.0元/立方米计)，年创经济效益399.6万元。

Gudao Oilfield belonged to unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs,where sand control screens were easily blocked by micro-particle migration and about 30 percent of the horizontal wells were produced with low liquid production.A method of plugging removal technology through foam acidulation with high pressure pulse jet was researched and applied in view of the problems in horizontal wells.Its principles were introduced and the performance of acidizing block remover and foaming agent were evaluated.It was determined that the optimal concentration of foaming agent was 0.3%～0.5%,and the optimal concentration of acidizing block remover was 10%～15%.Field test results show that the problems can be resolved effectively by plugging removal technology.It is used in 14 wells in Gudao Oilfield and success ratio is 85.7 percent in 12 wells.Accumulated oil production increase is 4540 t,average production increase is more than 378.3 t in single well.

孤岛油田是一个高渗、高粘、高饱和度的河流相正韵律沉积的疏松砂岩稠油油藏,经过四十年的水驱开发,单元水淹严重,开发效果差,2008年以来在孤岛油田中二中Ng5单元开展厚油层韵律层水平井精细开发调整研究及应用,在厚油层韵律层三维精细地质建模和剩余油分布研究的基础上,开展开发对策技术研究,矿场实施后效果明显,新增可采储量49×104t,提高采收率5.3%,增强了老油田稳产基础,为相同类型油藏进一步提高采收率提供了开发调整思路及技术方法。

The nature of Gudao Oilfield fluid changes with the content of polymer increased, which resulting in difficulties in sewage treatment, sewage outside the oil exceeded losers. The "high-performance dissolved air flotation + magnetic separation (COMag) technology" was used to do "first recovery of oil, post-processing organic" option. The interior of the field application was used to determine the best dosage and powder flocculant dosage, and Trial in Gudao oilfield, and achieved tangible results. CoMag technical treated sewage can reach oilfield reinjection standards, basically reached efflux standards.

Current situation of sewage water treatment and the main difficulties in the process was introduced and the method of flotation and "Double Membrane" were proposed.Through on-site experiment,water quality of 3 kind of water was studied before and after treatment and initial viscosity and stabiliy of prepared polymer solution was compared.It's showed that sewage after treatment can substiute clean water in the preparation of polymer mother liquor,and it has better economic and social benefits.

孤东七区西二元复合驱注入试验为中石化的重点先导试验项目,自2003年9月份投产以来,围绕地面注入工艺进行了探索研究,针对存在地问题不断改进工艺技术,目前已形成较完善的地面配套注入工艺,为该项目取得大良好增油效果和今后的推广应用打下了坚实基础。

针对孤岛油田中二北馆5单元含水大幅度上升,开展了模拟该单元地层条件下的室内实验研究.单管岩心封堵实验结果表明:LB-01液体堵剂对高、中、低渗岩心均具有良好封堵性能和残余阻力系数RRF,对注入参数进行了评价,发现随注入段塞的增加、注入浓度的增大,封堵性能逐渐增强,小段塞高浓度堵剂的封堵率和耐冲刷能力更强;通过双管并联岩心分流实验,发现低渗岩心分流率从封堵前的10%左右上升到70%,说明该堵剂具有良好的分流能力.

Oil pipe screw grease smearing tool is a kind of oil field tools mainly aused to solve the sealing problems when downhole tools are jointed onto oil pipes.It has simple structure,can be easily operated and suits for oil pipes and downhole tools of different diameters.By applying this kind of utensils,screw sealing problems can be easily and efficiently solved.At the same time,the well-occupying time during construction can be shortened,the labor intensity can be reduced and the working cost and expenditure can be lowered by using such utensils.

孤岛油田是典型的疏松砂岩油藏,稠油储量丰富,含油面积32.5km2,地质储量3106×104t,其中热采难动用的稠油油藏主要有以下原因:①分布比较零散,无法形成注汽管网,如南区和西区的Ng5-6、东区的Ng4;②处于油水过渡带,边底水活跃,热采效果不明显,热采生产周期较短,如中二北的Ng4;③地质储量在960×104t以上,由于地层温度较高,在地层中能够流动,而且这部分稠油对温度比较敏感,温度每上升10℃,原油粘度下降一半,较为适合井筒加热开采.

孤岛油田自1994年引进应用空心杆电加热技术开采零散稠油和高凝油井,并进行了加热功率、加热深度、抽油井工作制度的优化选择,使该工艺在孤岛油田零散稠油和高凝油井的开采中发挥了重要作用,取得了较好的应用效果.