In this study artificial crossbreeding between Fugu xanthopteru and Fugu bimaculatus was made.The In-ter-Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)technology was applied to analyze the genetic diversity between Fugu xan-thopterus,Fugu bimaculatus and their hybrid progeny (F1).The results showed that there were some particular IS-SR loci among Fugu xanthopterus,Fugu bimaculatus and their reciprocal hybrids.The genetic diversity index (H′) of parent was 0.314 8 and 0.276 5 while between their reciprocal hybrids was 0.336 2 and 0.325 7.The genetic distance (D)between Fugu xanthopterus and Fugu bimaculatus was 0.895 while the genetic distance between the reversed hybrid population and Fugu bimaculatus was 0.169.This experiment indicated that the effect of Fugu bi-maculatus on hybrid progeny was much more significant than Fugu xanthopterus.

ISSR analysis was used to investigate the genetic relationships of five Nile Tilapia populations from different areas called GF,NLⅠ,NLⅡ,NLⅢ and NLⅣ in this paper.Among 81 ISSR primers,15 primers were able to generate highly reproducibly polymorphic DNA fragments.The genetic trees were constructed based on ISSR amplification finger printings using unweighted pair group method for arithmetic averages analysis(UPGMA).According to the tree,Population NL Ⅲ and NL Ⅳ formed one branch first,then grouped with population GF.Population NLⅠand NLⅡ formed another branch.This result showed that population GF separated from other Nile Tilapias populations;The 500 bp band amplified by primer UBC835 could distinguish population GF from other Nile Tilapia populations.

梅尼埃病中医治则治法多种多样,其中化饮利水法在治疗中起着举足轻重的作用。化饮利水法从脾、肾角度出发,予化饮利水治标,健脾、温肾治本,标本兼治。

Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats(ISSR) was applied to analyze the genetic relationship between Fugu flavidus,Fugu bimaculatus and their hybrid descendants in order to reveal the genetic differences and the genetic relationships between the parents and their descendants.154 bands were obtained from ten ISSR primers by amplifying the genome DNA.It shows that 88 bands were polymorphic and the average frequency of the polymorphism accouters for 57.14%.The hybrids inherited bands from both parents indicate that the hybrids were real heterogenous.It was found that the hybrids displayed not only higher genetic diversity,but also distinct difference from the hybrid descendants in genetic relationships of parents or other descendants based on analyzing the genetic diversity,genetic distance and the loci distributing trend.It was also found that the genetic relationships between hybrids and their parents were not equal,the female parents transferred more genetic loci to their descendants.In other words,the hybrids inherited more genetic information from female parents.

Inter-simple sequence repeat(ISSR) method was applied to detect the genetic variation and relationship among seven moringa plant samples represented from MS1 to MS7.MS1 and MS3 were Moringa ovalifolia,MS5 was M.oleifera PMK,MS6 and MS7 were M.stenopetala and MS2 and MS4 were unknown.Six effective ISSR primers selected from 18 ISSR primers generated 75 bands,of which 59 were polymorphic,reaching to 78.67 % of all bands.Each primer was able to generate 4 to 14 polymorphic bands and average was 10.2.Genetic similarity values between samples varied from 0.557 0 to 0.836 7.Based on UPGMA cluster analysis,MS6 and MS7 were classified into a group,MS1 and MS3 were other group,MS4 and MS5 untightly clustered with the group of MS6 and MS7 and then with the group of MS1 and MS3.MS2 was classified into a single group due to the farthest genetic distance to others.The result of cluster analysis was identical to expectation,suggesting that ISSR method was able to evaluate genetic variation of moringa effectively and was applied to the idetification and classification of morginga plants.

At four development stages of narcissus,i. e. narcissus-bolting stage,flowering stage,blossom fall stage and post floral stage,some physiological and biochemical characteristics of leaf blades,such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, contents of chlorophyll and protein were measured and the change course of the chloroplast ultrastructure was observed. With the development of narcissus, the water content and stomata conductance decrease significantly, the net photosynthetic rate,the respiratory rate and the ratio of photosynthetic rate to respiratory rate also decrease obviously, whereas the content of chlorophyll rises obviously, the value of chlorophyll a/b reduces tardily and the content of soluble protein presents a decreased tendency. Furthermore,the electron microscope observation shows that the ultrastructures of chloroplast grana and grana lamella are developed and clear at bolting stage,inflated and loose at flowering stage,withered at blossom fall stage and disaggregated at post floral stage.

14 sprouting broccoli and one rape reference were used as materials for analyzing their genome polymorphism by ISSR markers.12 primers selected from 60 primers were used for ISSR amplification.A total of 108 bands were generated,of which 84 bands were polymorphic bands(the percentage of polymorphic band,PPB=77.78%).Each primer was able to generate 4 to 17 polymorphic bands and average was 7.Genetic similarity values between samples varied from 0.531 2 to 0.859 4,mean 0.744 4±0.073 4.The clustering dendrogram was constructed by UPGMA method.Sprouting broccoli materials and rape reference were distinguished from each other.14 sprouting broccoli materials were divided into two major groups.As this study indicated above,we suggested that ISSR method was able to evaluate genetic variation of sprouting broccoli effectively and was helpful to the classification of sprouting broccoli.

Caloric values and ash contents of various organs at the different growth stages of Moringa sp.were studied.The results showed as follows:1)Ash contents of Moringa sp.various organs were 3.50 %~17.52 %,gross caloric values were 15.00 kJ/g~26.32 kJ/g,and ash free caloric values were 17.65 kJ/g~27.28 kJ/g.The average ash contents of various organs follows in the order: leafrootfruitbranchflowerseed;the average gross caloric values of various organs followed in the order:seedflowerleaffruitbranchroot;the average ash free caloric values of various organs followed in the order:seedleafflowerfruitbranchroot;2)The ash content decreased with the development of various organ,but the ash content of old leaf was the highest.Gross caloric value follows in the order: large rootfine root,twigsperennial branch2-year-old branch,young leafmature leafold leaf,flower budflower,the gross caloric values of fruit increased with the development of fruit.The changes in ash free caloric values of leaves were different from those in gross caloric values,and ash free caloric value increased with the growth of leaves.Both caloric values of fine root were the lowest and seed the highest;3)Gross caloric value was negative correlated remarkably with ash content(P0.01)in the fruit during the different development stages also,correlated remarkably with ash content(P0.05)for the root and the leaf,and was not correlated significantly correlated(P0.05)for the branch and the flower.

Cultured Narcissus tazetta var. Chinenese in the solution added with mineral element, it was found that mineral nutrition could significantly improve the net photosynthetic rate and the ratio of photosynthesis to respiration, increase the content of soluble protein and chlorophyll in leaves in the stage of sprout and flowering period, as well as reduce the activities of SOD, POD and CAT, the production rate of and MDA content of leaves in the stage of wilting. Mineral nutrition could effective prevent the over-oxidazition of membrane and the senescence of leaves.

Special oligonucleotides to highly conserved regions of superoxide dismutases (SOD) gene were used toprime the synthesis and amplification of gene fragment from Chamae doreacostricana L.genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The fragment was linked with pMD182T vector and transformed into the competence cell of Escherichia coli ER2566 strain.After screening of recombinants,detection and sequence analysis,the transformants containing SOD gene were obtained.Sequencing analysis showed that extracted from Chamae doreacostricana Cu·Zn-SOD gene fragment,which contains three exons and three introns,had 64 nucleotides.The homologus of the amino acid sequences to those from Cryza sativa,Zea mays,Ipomoea batatas and Populus tremuloid were 82.81%,81.25%,81.25% and 79.69% respectively.

Chinese narcissus(Narcissus chinensis var.chinensis Roem.) is a kind of popular seasonal ornamental flowers grown in China.Narcissus leaf easily lodges under the indoor cultivation.To solve this problem,we treated narcissus bulbs with different concentration of 0.01 mg/L,0.05 mg/L and 0.10 mg/L multi-effect triazole,the changes of growth and photosynthesis characteristic of narcissus were studied.Compared with the contrast,0.05 mg/L multi-effect triazole reduced the growth of roots and leaves of narcissus plant by 62.8% and 33.8% respectively in flowering period,increased the chlorophyll content by 23.0%,raised photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic rate/respiratory rate by 216.8% and by 234.7% respectively,and reduced specific leaf fresh weight by(18.7)%.All these results suggested that multi-effect triazole significantly inhibited narcissus plant growth and avoided the early occurrence of narcissus leaf lodge.In addition,electron microscope observation showed that the layer structures of chloroplast were more complete and clearer in florescence and blossom fall stage when the plants were treated by optimal concentration of multi-effect triazole.The stability of layer structures of chloroplast was supposed to promote the leaf photosynthetic efficiency.

Investigation of aquatic chemistry in the Shengnongjia district shows that surface water in the region is typical of carbonate terrain. Concentrations of Mg、Al、Ba、Sband Pb are higher than the world background values, while concentrations of V、 Cr、Ni、As and Cd are lower than the background values, and the concentrations of other elements are close to average world background values. Concentrations of the elements of the streams in the Shengnongjia district are lower than those of drinking water standard set by EPA and the standard of GHZB 1-1999-I. The results at Shengnongjia could represent background values for the middle-lower Yangtze region, and also could be as a background value for changes in water of the district.