目的 了解常州市武进区农村中老年居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)患病情况及危险因素,为当地慢阻肺防治提供科学依据.方法 于2020年1月—2021年6月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,在常州市武进农村地区抽取561名≥50岁中老年居民进行问卷调查、体格检查及肺功能检测,对慢阻肺的影响因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析.结果 常州市武进区农村中老年居民慢阻肺患病率为29.4％,多因素分析显示,年龄≥70岁、体质量过低、有慢性咳嗽史是慢阻肺发生的独立危险因素.结论 常州市武进区农村中老年居民慢阻肺患病情况较为严重.年龄≥70岁、体质量过低、有慢性咳嗽史者是慢阻肺的高危人群,应采取措施早诊早治,提高居民身体素质,降低慢阻肺患病率.

目的 了解2015-2018年常州市武进区成人麻疹的流行病学特征,为制定武进区成人麻疹防控措施提供依据.方法 用描述性流行病学统计方法对2015-2018年武进区成人麻疹疫情进行分析.结果 2015-2018年武进区共报告麻疹病例159例,年均发病率为2.62/10万,其中成人病例101例,占病例总数的63.52％,64.36％成人麻疹病例为流动人口.2015麻疹发病数最多,3～5月是发病高峰;2016年和2018年病例呈散发状态,无明显季节性;2017年病例集中在7～8月份.发病年龄主要为20～39岁组,占成人麻疹病例总数的77.23％(78/101);发病人群主要为工人、农民及民工,占成人麻疹病例总数的48.51％(49/101);无免疫史及免疫史不详的病例占成人麻疹病例总数的97.03％.结论 2015-2018年武进区成人麻疹病例数占麻疹病例总数的比例较高,建议定期对成人尤其是流动人口开展麻疹疫苗的补充免疫活动,同时加强麻疹抗体水平的监测.

目的 分析武进区2007-2017年流行性腮腺炎流行情况及发病趋势,为制定武进区流行性腮腺炎防控策略提供科学依据.方法 运用描述性流行病学方法对2007-2017年武进区流行性腮腺炎疫情报告资料进行统计分析,运用季节性差分自回归移动平均模型(SARIMA模型)分析流行性腮腺炎的发病趋势.结果 2007-2017年武进区共报告流行性腮腺炎2 476例,年平均发病率为14.59/10万,其中2008年(23.43/10万)、2012年(25.69/10万)和2013年(22.06/10万)发病率较高,2013年后发病率迅速下降.5～7月为发病高峰期;病例男女性别比为1.67∶1;幼托儿童和小学生(3～12岁)占病例总数的81.38％.通过检验的最优模型是SARIMA(1,1,1)(0,1,1)12,估计参数具有统计学意义,残差为白噪声序列(Ljung-Box检验,P=0.79).用该模型对2018年1～12月流行性腮腺炎月发病数进行预测,实际发病数均落在了预测值的95％可信区间内.结论 SARIMA(1,1,1)(0,1,1)12模型能够较好地拟合武进区流行性腮腺炎月发病数,并用于流行性腮腺炎发病趋势的短期预测,为下一步采取防控措施提供科学依据.

Objective To understand the status of asymptomatic infection of norovirus,preventive and cure knowledge,attitudes,behaviors and demand in kindergartens and primary schools,so as to provide a scientific basis for improvement of infectious disease prevention.Methods 476 teachers 4018 students from kindergartens and primary schools in Wujin district were sampled for self-administered questionnaire investigation,498 rectal swabs from which were taken for norovirus detection.Results Teachers in both urban and suburban schools were lack of knowledge about prevention of norovirus,the levels of risk awareness of teachers in urban schools and kindergartens about norovirus prevention were weaker than that of teachers in suburban schools and primary schools,respectively.In addition,students in urban schools had better health habits than students in suburban schools.Fifteen of 498 children were asymptomatically infected with norovirus.The rate of asymptomatic norovirus infection children in kindergartens were 4.51％ and 2.47％ in primary schools.Conclusion Training of schools about norovirus prevention should be enough emphasized.Popular measures of norovirus prevention should be promoted and public awareness of risk need to be strengthened.Besides,students need to be trained for healthy habits and self-protection awareness.Asymptomatic norovirus infection should be attached importance to.

目的 系统分析2012-2016年江苏省常州市武进区疑似预防接种异常反应(adverse events following immunization,AEFI)的发生特征,评价预防接种服务质量和疫苗的安全性. 方法 通过全国疑似预防接种异常反应监测系统,收集2012-2016年AEFI个案数据,根据发生原因分为一般反应、异常反应、疫苗质量事故、实施差错事故、偶合症和心因性反应,采用描述性方法进行流行病学分析. 结果 2012-2016年武进区共报告AEFI个案2 870例,其中一般反应2 559例(占89.16％)、异常反应310例(占10.80％)和心因性反应1例(占0.03％);男性多于女性,1岁及以下儿童占67.42％,报告AEFI病例前三位的一类疫苗是“白破”、“百白破”和“麻风”,接种后发病间隔1d及以下发生2 418例(占84.25％)、2～3天377例(占13.14％)、4d及以上75例(占2.61％);临床诊断前两位是发热/红肿/硬结和过敏性皮疹,99.96％的AEFI个案预后为治愈、0.04％为好转. 结论 2012-2016年武进区AEFI病例主要集中在小年龄组,多数AEFI发生在接种1d内,其发生率在预期范围内;武进区AEFI监测系统敏感性较高,但仍需提高基层预防接种服务人员的专业技术水平,规范接种操作;探索开展主动监测,进一步提高AEFI监测质量.

The measles epidemic was rather severe in Wujin 2015, and a seroprevalence survey of measles antibody was conducted during June to September 2015 in Wjin district of Changzhou city. Blood samples were collected from community health population and convenient samples of residual blood from hospitals. Measles-specific IgG levels were measured by ELISA assay. A total of 122 measles cases were reported 2015 in Wujin district with an incidence of 8.31 per 100000 populations. A large proportion of measles cases were adults ≥20years (62.30%) and infants aged <18months (28.69%). Floating population accounted for 68.57% of all cases. 1070 blood samples aged from 9months to 49years old were collected and the overall seroprevalence and geometric mean titer (GMT) of measles were 82.71% and 551.19mIU/ml, respectively. Although the seroprevalence among children aged 9months to 4years was consistently over 90%, it began to decrease since 24months, and till the age of ≥10years, the seroprevalences were all <80%, however, the seroprevalence rised to above 80% in people over 40years. There were no significant differences between the two blood sample sources in the level of seroprevalence and GMT. Also no significant differences were observed in the seroprevalence of measles and GMT levels between genders. The seroprevalence and GMT in people with measles vaccination were higher than those without measles vaccination or people whose measles vaccination are unknown (P<0.001). Our study indicated that the adult measles cases have become a serious problem in Wujin district, which may mainly relate to the increasing size of the floating population with low measles vaccine coverage. The seroprevalence of measles decreased dramatically with increasing age since teenagers, which may mainly caused by waning vaccine-induced immunity. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen measles vaccine in these people especially floating population.

Objective To learn the awareness and influencing factors of vaccine knowledge among parents of preschool children in Changzhou city,so as to provide a basis for developing vaccination education strategies.Methods By random sampling,1871 parents of 0-5 years old children were selected and investigated with questionnaire.Results The parents' correct answer rate of vaccine knowledge was 59.87％,and the rate among the registered residents was 8.83％ higher than floating parents.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the awareness rate was related to education and the parents' register location.Parents obtained the knowledge mainly from the staff of vaccine inoculation.Parents with high education level mostly acquired the knowledge by internet and written material,whereas floating parents acquired knowledge from relatives and friends.Conclusion Vaccination education should be imporved.Administrative departments should provide more professional training to preventive medicine staff.Different education strategies should be applied to parents with different background so as to increase their awareness rate.

目的 分析常州市武进区2005-2014年报告的麻疹疑似病例中接种含麻疹成分疫苗(Measles Containing Vaccine,MCV)后发热出疹疾病(Rash and Fever illness,RFIs)的发病情况,为武进区麻疹、风疹的有效控制提供依据.方法 以该区2005-01/2014-12接种MCV后出现RFIs的57例病例为研究对象,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA),检测麻疹、风疹IgM抗体.结果 武进区2005-2014年接种MCV 503 281人次,发生RFIs 57例,年平均报告发生率为11.33/10万,所有RFIs的风疹IgM均为阴性,麻疹IgM阳性率为68.42％.病例间无聚集性和流行病学联系,病例主要集中在8 ～10月龄,89.47％的病例是首剂.病例发热高峰期为接种后第4～9d,出疹高峰期为接种后第7～11d.结论 在消除麻疹阶段,应加强对接种MCV后RFIs病例的关注,接种MCV后出现RFIs的原因需要从病毒基因型别上进行确认.

<span id="ChDivSummary" name="ChDivSummary" class="abstract-text">目的探讨蒙古族人群代谢综合征（MS）及其各组分与脑卒中的关系,为脑卒中的预防和控制提供科学依据。方法于2002年6月—2003年8月采用整群抽样方法在内蒙古通辽市朝鲁吐和固日班花乡抽取2 535名≥20岁蒙古族居民进行前瞻性队列研究,并采用多因素Cox回归模型分析MS及其各组分与脑卒中发生的关系。结果内蒙古通辽市2 535名≥20岁蒙古族人群MS、中心性肥胖、血压偏高、高甘油三酯（TG）、低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、空腹血糖（FPG）异常的患病率分别为27.50%、36.06%、50.73%、17.51%、54.00%、22.13%;蒙古族人群脑卒中累积发病率为4.73%,发病密度为520/10万人年,其中男、女性人群脑卒中的发病密度分别为832.54/10万人年和300.82/10万人年,缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中的发病密度分别为329.14/10万人年和190.55/10万人年;多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,在调整了性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒、心血管病家族史、体质指数（BMI）、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、C-反应蛋白（hs CRP）等混杂因素后,随着MS组分聚集程度的增加,蒙古族人群总的脑卒中发生的危险性也随之增加（χ2=4.866,P=0.027）,但缺血性卒中和出血性卒中发生的危险性差异均无统计学意义（均P&gt;0.05）;患MS的蒙古族人群与未患MS的人群比较,发生总的脑卒中、缺血性脑卒中、出血性脑卒中的危险性差异均无统计学意义（均P&gt;0.05）;MS各组分中,仅血压偏高与蒙古族人群总的脑卒中（HR=2.717,95%CI=1.596⁴.625）、缺血性脑卒中（HR=2.084,95%CI=1.095³.968）、出血性脑卒中（HR=4.763,95%CI=1.807¹2.559）发病有关（均P&lt;0.05）。结论 MS与蒙古族人群脑卒中的发生无关,但血压偏高是总的脑卒中、缺血性和出血性脑卒中的重要危险因素。</span>

目的 分析江苏省常州市武进区2010-2014年流行性腮腺炎的流行特征和规律,为今后防制工作提供科学依据.方法 根据传染病报告信息管理系统和突发公共卫生事件管理信息系统报告信息,对武进区2010-2014年流行性腮腺炎发病情况进行描述性流行病学分析.结果 2010-2014年武进区共报告流行性腮腺炎1 369例,年平均发病率为17.23/10万,2012年(25.69/10万)和2013年(22.06/10万)发病率明显高于其他年份.5～7月为发病高峰期,湖塘镇病例占所有病例数的44.34％.好发于4～10岁儿童(75.46％),又以9岁组(289.04/10万)发病率最高.病例主要是幼托儿童和学生,占病例总数的74.87％.男女性别比为1.6∶1,.结论 春夏之交是常州市武进区流行性腮腺炎的高发季节,幼托儿童和小学生是流行性腮腺炎的高发人群.

目的：了解常州市武进区健康人群麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体水平，评价疫苗接种需求。方法2013年3月采集0~40岁健康人群500人份血样品，用ELISA方法定量检测麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎IgG抗体水平。结果麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎抗体阳性率分别为86.00%、71.20%和60.40%；抗体几何平均滴度（ GMT）分别为465.58 mIU/mL、32.89 IU/mL和107.06 IU/mL。麻疹、风疹和流行性腮腺炎的抗体阳性率和GMT各年龄组差异均有统计学意义（ p<0.05）。结论武进区健康人群麻疹抗体GMT总体保持在较高水平，风疹、流行性腮腺炎疫苗的抗体水平均较低。麻腮风联合疫苗（ MMR）纳入免疫规划既有助于消除麻疹，也有利于控制风疹和流行性腮腺炎。

Objective To investigate about 35~70 years old in Wujin rural residents metabolic syndrome(MS) prevalence.Methods In a community in Wujing Area all persons over 35 years of age 3252 people were studied by questionnaires,physical examination and determination of blood biochemical parameters.Results MS rural residents of the region the prevalence rate was 21.46%,male,female prevalence rates were 21.79%,21.21%,no statistically significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05);the prevalence rate of MS showed an increasing trend with age,65 years old age group the prevalence rate is the highest,35.48%.Conclusion The rural residents have higher rates of MS.Healthpromotion,prevention and treatment of MS should be actively strengthened in population over the age of 50.

OBJECTIVE To analyze epidemiological characteristics of measles in different time in Wujin district of Changzhou and discuss the strategy for the measles elimination.METHODS Epidemiological characteristics during 1952 to2011 and evaluation of eliminate strategy were analyzed using descriptive epidemiology method.RESULTS Morbidity rate and death rate of measles were the highest in natural infection period (1952 to 1965).Epidemic period was two to three years;The incidence peak focused in winter and spring time; the population of incidence was mainly preschool children.After carrying out immunization.The annual average morbidity and death rate of measles decreased by 98.02 and 100 percent.The month peak was obviously later than the prophase of immunization.After the year of 1981.The measles incidence showed a " twophase" mode and peaks at ages younger than 8 months and older than 20 years.CONCLUSION The existing strategy for measles elimination is effective.Henceforth,we must do well in vaccination and management for migratory population and carry out supplementary immunization timely,while keeping a high level of the routine vaccine inoculation rate.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and incidence trend of Virus hepatitis in Wujin district from 2005 to 2011 and provide scientific basis for formulating control measures. Methods The Population and epidemic reporting data of wujin dstrict from 2005 to 2011 were used statistical analysis, used the grey model to analysis the incidence trend of hepatitis A. Results Average incidence of hepatitis A was 2.99/100000.The overall incidence of viral hepatitis showed a downward trend. Conclusion The gray-model based on data of hepatitis A during the past 7 years can forecast the trend for the latter few years.

OBJECTIVE To explore the strategies for measles control,and provide the scientific basis for the elimination of measles by 2012.METHODS All the data of the epidemic reports and surveys of measles in Wujin District from 2001 to 2010 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.RESULTS 1723 cases of measles were reported in Wujin District from 2001 to 2010.The incidence in 2005 was 39.44/100 000,which was the highest in the past 20 years.Most of the cases occurred between April and May.The ages of patients were mainly under 2 years and more than 20 years old,accounted for 68.13%(1 174/1 723).Patients without history of measles immunization accounted for 85.72%(1 477/1 723).The total measles antibody positive rate was 93.11%,but 0-year-old accounted for 62.00%.CONCLUSION Keeping a high quality routine immunization,carrying out intensified vaccination timely,strengthening the checks on certificates of vaccination in schools and kindergartens for supplementary immunization and improving the monitoring quality are the effective measures to control and prevent measles.

目的:科学评估强化免疫接种率、了解强化免疫后麻疹疫苗覆盖率,以指导下一阶段消除麻疹的工作。方法:按PPS抽样法,调查35个行政村的目标儿童,输入EpiData软件进行统计分析。结果:调查439名儿童,其中常住290名,流动149名。麻疹疫苗基础接种率99.77%,麻疹相关疫苗加强接种率98.94%。常住儿童强化接种率100%,流动儿童强化接种率99.33%。常住和流动儿童强化免疫接种率差异无统计学意义。麻疹强化免疫报告接种率与评估接种率差异无统计学意义。结论:控制和消除麻疹发病,除加强传染源(患者)管理外最有效的措施是保护易感人群,提高并维持高水平麻疹疫苗接种率,加强麻疹疫情及健康人群麻疹抗体水平监测,制定防控策略。

<正>急性弛缓性麻痹(AFP)病例监测,是维持无脊髓灰质炎状态的重要手段。常州市武进区自建立起AFP病例监测系统以来,监测质量逐年提高。为进一步完善本区AFP病例监测系统,现将本区2004—2010年AFP病例监测报告分析如下。

目的:了解常州市武进区2004—2010年乙肝发病情况,为今后的防治工作提供依据。方法:采用描述性流行病学方法对2004—2010年武进区乙肝疫情监测资料进行统计分析。结果:2004—2010年武进区共报告乙肝2 950例,年平均发病率为28.30/10万,总体上乙肝发病率呈下降趋势,高发年龄为20～39岁组,职业以农民、民工和工人为主。结论:常州市武进区乙肝发病率呈逐年下降趋势,但仍应加大预防控制力度。

为了解<全国麻疹监测方案>落实情况,加强麻疹监测和控制,进一步了解麻疹病毒传播危险因素,并对采取的各项消除麻疹策略措施的效果进行评估,为如期实现和维持全国消除麻疹的目标提供科学依据,2009年5月,常州市武进区等5地,被中国疾病预防控制中心设为国家级麻疹监测点.接到任务后,我区严格按照<全国麻疹监测方案>和<麻疹国家监测点工作实施方案>开展工作.现将前阶段实施国家麻疹监测点工作的做法总结如下.

妇女的健康状况在一定程度上反映了一个国家或地区的经济、文化、卫生的水平,为了解目前主要威胁常州市武进区育龄妇女病伤死亡原因及其危害程度,为采取干预措施提供科学依据,现将 2007-2008年武进区育龄妇女病伤死因分析如下.