选取云南云龙相同年份、部位和等级的红花大金元和K326 烤烟烟叶,在相同工艺条件下通过超临界CO2 萃取技术制备烟草净油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用法和卷烟感官评价方法分析比较两种烟草净油致香成分及感官品质差异.结果表明:两种烟草净油中鉴定出共有成分47 种,相对含量最高的3 种依次为烟碱、西柏三烯二醇和新植二烯,K326 烟草净油中15 种高级脂肪酸及酯类化合物相对含量均较高;红花大金元中叶绿素降解产物、胡萝卜素降解产物和西柏烷类降解产物等10 种致香成分的相对含量较高,K326 烟草净油中苯丙氨酸类降解产物和棕色化反应产物共7 种致香成分相对含量较高;两种烟草净油香气特征均以干草香和清甜香为主,并带有果香和青香,区别为红花大金元烟草净油表现出木香和醇甜香,而K326 烟草净油则表现出烘烤香、焦甜香及蜜甜香,红花大金元烟草净油在烟草本香及整体香气质方面均优于 K326 烟草净油.

采用热裂解-气相色谱/质谱(PY-GC/MS)联用技术研究了乙酸芳樟酯在350℃及900℃下的热裂解行为.结果表明:(1)不同的裂解温度直接影响生成产物的类型和相对含量;(2)乙酸芳樟酯可裂解生成41种物质,在350℃及900℃下,约有29.6％和41.3％的乙酸芳樟酯发生了热裂解;(3)随着裂解温度的升高,形成的危害性芳香烃类化合物(甲苯、对甲苯等)的相对含量有增加.根据乙酸芳樟酯裂解产物的种类和相对含量的变化,对其裂解产物的形成机理进行了探讨.

[目的]对比云南清甜香典型片烟和非典型碎烟间挥发性致香成分含量的差异,为研究云南清甜香烟叶风格特色关键致香成分和低次烟叶深加工提供参考依据.[方法]以2个云南清甜香典型片烟和9个非典型碎烟为原料,运用气相色谱/质谱法(GC/MS)和热脱附—气相色谱/质谱法(ATD-GC/MS)分别对2类烟叶的挥发性致香成分进行对比分析,并以典型片烟中挥发性成分相对含量显著高于非典型碎烟作为分析目的,深入挖掘2类烟叶具有显著性差异的挥发性致香成分,并找出2种方法分析结果存在的规律性.[结果]运用GC/MS对所制备的11个烟叶样本挥发性致香成分进行检测分析,共鉴定出40种挥发性成分,包含17种酮类、10种醇类、4种醛类、5种杂环类、2种烯烃类、1种酸类和1种内酯类化合物,典型片烟的酮类和内酯类化合物相对含量明显高于非典型碎烟;典型片烟有14种挥发性成分的相对含量显著高于非典型碎烟(P＜0.05,下同),分别是甲基庚烯酮、2-乙酰基呋喃、4-环戊烯-1,3-二酮、β-大马酮、β-紫罗兰酮环氧化物、桉油烯醇、脱氢二氢-β-紫罗兰酮、3,4-脱氢-β-紫罗兰酮、巨豆三烯酮的4个同分异构体、二氢猕猴桃内酯和3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮;通过ATD-GC/MS对2类烟叶样本设定的14种重要致香成分进行半定量对比分析,发现典型片烟的成分总含量明显高于各非典型碎烟,而β-大马酮、巨豆三烯酮的4个同分异构体、二氢猕猴桃内酯、3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮和3-氧代-α-紫罗兰醇这8种成分在典型片烟中的相对含量也显著高于非典型碎烟.2种分析方法存在含量显著性差异的致香成分中有7种致香成分一致,包括β-大马酮、巨豆三烯酮的4个同分异构体、二氢猕猴桃内酯和3-羟基-β-二氢大马酮.[结论]通过2种分析方法对云南清甜香典型片烟和非典型碎烟的挥发性致香成分进行对比研究,发现2类烟叶间部分挥发性致香成分存在显著性差异,且2种方法的分析结果存在一定的规律.

采用分子蒸馏技术对茉莉净油进行纯化分离获得轻组分Ⅰ和Ⅱ.采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)法分析茉莉净油及其分子蒸馏各馏分的主要成分,共鉴定出66种挥发性致香成分.轻组分Ⅰ具有清新的茉莉花香,微有果香;轻组分Ⅱ有茉莉样的特征香气,但主要表现为果香香韵.两种组分在加热空白卷烟中具有各自独特的应用效果.

利用硅胶柱层析法对去除白兰叶油中的黄樟素进行研究,并借助高效液相色谱法(HPLC)和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对样品进行检测分析.试验结果表明:在洗脱流速为3 mL/min时,选择石油醚、不同比例石油醚和乙酸乙酯混合液(体积比分别为90︰10、85︰15、80︰20)、乙酸乙酯和乙醇混合液(体积比1︰1)、乙醇进行洗脱,对白兰叶油中的黄樟素达到了较佳的分离效果.此外,对不含黄樟素的洗脱样品进行浓缩,得到的目标产品仍保持了白兰叶油原有的风味和品质.

为了更好地保留大蒜油的新鲜风味和有效成分,利用低温-微波提取技术,在配合添加干蒜粉下,于单因素试验的基础上,运用L9(34)正交试验设计研究了微波时间、微波功率、提取温度、固液比4个因素对大蒜油中硫含量的影响,获取新鲜大蒜油的微波提取最佳工艺参数.结果表明:当以辛癸酸甘油酯作溶剂、微波时间4 min、微波功率250 W、提取温度40℃、固液质量比1︰0.8时,获得的大蒜油中硫含量为质量分数0.4649％.

采用GC-MS法分析紫罗兰叶净油化学成分,共鉴定出45种化合物,其中 α-亚麻酸含量最高,相对质量分数达到46.402％,其次为棕榈酸,相对质量分数为14.693％.高级脂肪酸类物质相对质量分数之和达79.403％.另外,高级脂肪酸酯类物质的含量也较高,相对质量分数之和达17.84％.其余物质总计占到1.947％.紫罗兰叶净油卷烟加香的评吸结果显示,其可以明显增加青香、花香、甜香和膏香,赋予卷烟清香型风格特征,对提升烟气浓度和烟香丰富性,降低刺激、杂气,提高感官舒适度等效果显著.

乙酸丁香酚酯含量的高低是衡量丁香花蕾油品质的重要参考指标.采用分子蒸馏技术对丁香花蕾油进行纯化,得到乙酸丁香酚酯含量更高的产品.采用单因素试验确定蒸馏温度、进料速度、蒸馏压力及刮膜转速的操作范围,并用正交试验法优化分子蒸馏技术纯化丁香花蕾油的最佳工艺参数.得到的优化工艺参数为:蒸馏温度95℃、进料速度500 g/h、蒸馏压力100 Pa及刮膜转速400 r/min,在此工艺条件下,产品中乙酸丁香酚酯的质量分数由9.13％提高到49.23％,得油率为5.6％.该工艺稳定、可行,易于实现工业化生产.

The clove bud oil was purified and separated by molecular distillation in this study. The yields of distillateⅠ, distillateⅡ and residueⅡ were 8.4%, 77.9% and 5.8%, respectively. Their main components were identified by GC - MS with peak area normalization. It was found that the total relative percents ofβ- caryophyllene, eugenol and eugenol acetate in all products were all over 90%. The products have their own unique aroma characteristics. The results provided guidance for creating and developingflavors and fragrances.

Experiments were carried out to study the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of nicotine on macroporous resin AB-8, and the speed control model of the adsorption were also studied. The results showed that the adsorption fitted very well to pseudo-second order model and intra-particle diffusion equation, and the adsorption process was affected by both film diffusion and intra-particle diffusion. The experimental isotherms data appear to follow the Freundlich isotherm equation, withΔH>0,ΔG<0 andΔS>0, which indicated that the adsorption process of nicotine on macro porous resin AB-8 was a spontaneous, entropy driven, enothermic and entropy increased process, belonged to the physical adsorption.

In order to improve moisturizing properties of cigarette and hence sensory comfort,a humectant SLT was developed using a method of isolation and purification of natural active components and preparation of colloid.Effect of the SLT was evaluated by comparison with propylene glycol and glycerin.Moisturizing properties was evaluated by testing moisture content in cut tobacco.Results showed that moisture retention of the SLT was better than that of propylene glycol and glycerin.Sensory comfort of cigarette with SLT was also better than those with propylene glycol and glycerin with reduced dryness and stimulation.It proved that the SLT can be used as a new ideal humectant.

The basic assumptions to calculation the process capability index are steady process and normal distribution data.In practice,however,in many steady processes,quality measurements are not subject to normal distribution.Base on the development of process capability index,a method of calculation the process capability index with non-normal distribution by using Minitab is presented.An example of flavor process is demonstrated.

The conditions for extracting oriental tobacco absolute oil from the dust of oriental tobacco leaf with No.4 solvent at room temperature were studied.The flavor and fragrance ingredients were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The absolute oil was injected into cigarette and evaluated.The results indicated that:①The flavor and fragrance ingredients could be extracted effectively by the No.4 solvent;②The absolute oil released the nature volatiles from Turkish-oriental tobacco and delivered a complex oriental tobacco flavor.It enhanced the quality and quantity of smoke and improved the off-taste and after-taste.