Understanding the dynamics of soil respiration, microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), and temperature sensitivity (Q10) in response to exogenous organic matter (EOM) input, soil aggregate size, and incubation temperature is crucial for predicting soil carbon cycling responses to environmental changes. In this study, these interactions were investigated by 180-day incubation of soil aggregates supplemented with EOM at various temperatures (5°C, 15°C and 25°C). The results reveal an ‘L-shaped’ trend in soil respiration on the time scale across all treatments, characterized by initial rapid declines followed by stability. EOM input and higher temperatures significantly enhance respiration rates. Notably, the respiratory rates of soil aggregates of different sizes exhibit distinct patterns based on the presence or absence of EOM. Under conditions without the addition of EOM, larger aggregates show relatively lower respiration rates. Conversely, in the presence of EOM, larger aggregates exhibit higher respiratory rates. Furthermore, Q10 decreases with increasing aggregate size. The relationship between Q10 and the substrate quality index (SQI) supports the carbon quality temperature (CQT) hypothesis, highlighting SQI’s influence on Q10 values, particularly during later incubation stages. Microbial CUE decreases with EOM input and rising temperatures. Meanwhile, aggregate size plays a role in microbial CUE, with smaller aggregates exhibiting higher CUE due to enhanced nutrient availability. In conclusion, the intricate interplay of EOM input, aggregate size, and temperature significantly shapes soil respiration, microbial CUE, and Q10. These findings underscore the complexity of these interactions and their importance in modeling soil carbon dynamics under changing environmental conditions.

With the expansion of human activities, the fragile ecological environment in the plateau area has been destroyed by human beings. Therefore, the ecological protection and sustainable utilization of the plateau have become the top priority. In view of this, this paper mainly summarizes the existing problems of plateau ecological environment. The necessity of ecological protection and sustainable utilization of the plateau is also discussed. This paper puts forward a new strategy for the protection and sustainable utilization of Plateau ecology. So that the Plateau ecosystem can be restored as soon as possible, and the people living in the plateau area can live a rich life. 1. Research background 1.1 Literature review Zhang Yangjian and others believe that under the background of globalization, the ecological environment of the plateau is becoming more and more serious. This restricts the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in plateau. In order to protect the plateau ecological barrier, countries actively provide technical support for the restoration and management of plateau grassland and the development of agriculture and animal husbandry. A series of new methods for protecting plateau ecology have been studied, and good results have been achieved (Yang et al, 2018).Yin Xiaoai and others believe that plateau, as an ecological type of nature, especially plateau lakes and freshwater resources, has become an important position for the sustainable utilization and development of biodiversity and human survival. The analysis of environmental damage in plateau has become a key research at home and abroad. They put forward countermeasures for sustainable protection of plateau environment in order to make sustainable use of plateau ecology (Yin et al, 2018).Xiao Jin and others believe that environmental problems have become a crisis facing the public. On the one hand, the reason is the unreasonable social distribution system. On the other hand, it is due to the traditional mode of human development. Moreover, this mode of production has great damage to the environment, especially to the plateau ecological environment. Therefore, more attention has been paid to the protection and sustainable utilization of the plateau ecological environment (Xiao et al, 2017).Qi Changwei and others believe that in recent years, as the representative of the plateau area of Tibet, the agricultural ecological environment has been deteriorating, which has had a serious impact on your economy. This paper makes a comprehensive analysis from the aspects of soil and water destruction, geological disasters, biological disasters and vegetation degradation. They pointed out the phenomena of ecological environment pollution in Plateau area, and proposed comprehensive treatment from increasing vegetation cover and playground construction (Qi et al, 2017).Feng Shu and others believe that due to soil erosion and unreasonable land use, the Plateau vegetation degradation is serious and the ecological environment is fragile. In view of the ecological environment problems in the plateau area, these scholars put forward the principle of landscape ecology and carried out a lot of research. A new model of ecological environment management in plateau was developed (Feng et al, 2017). 2019 International Conference on Civil Engineering, Materials and Environment (ICCEME 2019) Copyright © (2019) Francis Academic Press, UK DOI: 10.25236/icceme.2019.005 25 1.2 Purpose of research As the main land form on the earth, Plateau plays an important role in environmental regulation, animal and plant protection and human survival. Since modern times, with the continuous development of human society and economy, the land utilization rate of the plateau has further increased, and the ecological damage of the plateau has been serious. Protecting plateau ecology and sustainable utilization are imminent (Wang, 2017). In this paper, starting from the necessity of protecting the plateau environment, let people realize the importance of plateau environment for human survival. And let more people participate in the protection of the plateau environment. Use more high-tech to continuously develop new strategies of environmental protection in the plateau, control the deterioration of plateau environment in the shortest time, and make life more comfortable in the plateau. 2. Necessity of Ecological Protection and Sustainable Utilization in Plateau 2.1 Benefiting economic growth in plateau area Because of its unique resource advantages, the plateau region has long led to the economic development of the region. It also makes a great supplement to the economy of other places in the same country or region. But the plateau area is limited by geographical conditions. The exploitation cost and transportation cost of resources in this area are relatively high. In this way, mining difficulties and low utilization rate are easy to occur. If the economic development of a country or region is mainly supported by resources. This not only has a serious impact on the consumption and waste of resources. At the same time, it has caused serious damage to the ecological environment of the region. This hinders the sustainable development of the economy in the region. Therefore, to protect the ecological environment of a region's plateau is the prerequisite for achieving sustainable economic development (Wang, 2017). 2.2 Favorable for people in plateau areas to get rid of poverty and become rich The average altitude of plateau areas is generally over 4000 meters. The climate in this area is relatively cold, natural disasters often occur, leading to the deterioration of the ecological environment. So the production efficiency of the people in this area is relatively low. For example, China's Sanjiangyuan Reserve administers 16 counties in one city. According to the survey, there are 590,000 people living here, of whom 410,000 are engaged in animal husbandry, reaching 70% of the total population. Seven counties in this region belong to the key poverty-stricken counties of the state, especially the poor people engaged in animal husbandry account for more than 75%. The more impoverished people are, the more intensive grazing will be, which will lead to further deterioration of the plateau's ecological environment and make the farmers and herdsmen here even poorer. Therefore, we should strengthen the coordination of the relationship between resources and population, environment and development in the plateau area. Only in this way can people in the region be lifted out of poverty (Huang, 2017). 2.3 Benefiting global ecological security The plateau is irreplaceable for a country's ecological security and strategic position. It can be said that it is the most critical ecological protection area in a country. It is also the commanding heights of a country's ecological security. Research shows that the subsequent radiation flow generated by the heat island effect in the plateau region can affect the climate and environment in other parts of the world. Therefore, the maintenance and balance of the complex ecosystem in the plateau area is of far-reaching significance to a country, even to the whole world. Only by strengthening the ecological protection of the willing regions in the world, can the global ecological security be more conducive.

随着国家经济的发展,葡萄作为一种历史悠久的水果,对全国乃至全世界的经济发展有着极为重要的贡献.拉萨地区光照充沛,日夜温差也比较大,有利于葡萄的种植与生长.拉萨的葡萄种植历史大约有300多年,但是直到近几年才开始迅速发展,引起果农、广大学者和政府的广泛关注.为全面了解葡萄在拉萨地区的最新栽培状况及其在拉萨经济发展中的作用,本文对拉萨地区葡萄的栽培现状进行了调查分析,找出了葡萄产业在拉萨市发展的优势和劣势,并提出相应的发展对策,以期为西藏葡萄产业发展提供科学依据,促进葡萄产业的发展以及带动拉萨经济的发展.

黄精属于百合科植物,其块根内含有大量的淀粉、糖类和多种微量元素,具有清热解毒的药用功能.采用热回流水提方法提取卷叶黄精的根部水提物,对其进行功能食品开发研究;采用喷雾干燥法制作黄精水提物干粉,探讨黄精干粉在食品添加剂方面的用途.结果显示,西藏卷叶黄精根水提物中微生物指标和理化标准均符合国家标准,适合开发成风味饮品;黄精干粉可以作为食品添加剂添加到食品中,有很广阔的应用前景.

考试是衡量学生素质的重要方式，而考试违纪则严重影响了人才评定质量，破坏学生素质的客观公正。本文着眼于高校考试体系的完善，从加强诚信宣传，树立良好校风学风；丰富教学模式，改革课程考核方式；统一标准，制定严格的考试规范；健全监管措施，规范考务管理四个方面探究完善考试体系的措施。

为研究实验室条件下西藏冬虫夏草幼虫对温度、湿度、病害等条件的生理反应以及西藏冬虫夏草幼虫的食性情况,文章对西藏冬虫夏草幼虫的外部形态及其对温度和湿度的反应及食性等方面进行观察,并绘制出西藏冬虫夏草幼虫生长曲线.结果表明:①实验室中培养西藏冬虫夏草幼虫的最佳温度范围为12℃-14℃;②西藏冬虫夏草幼虫最喜啃食红萝卜,其次为土豆和莴笋;③西藏冬虫夏草幼虫对温度具有很高的敏感性,当温度达到20℃时,幼虫完全失去活动的能力,并且此时幼虫身体表面容易感染病菌.

[Objective] To discover the eukaryotic microbes diversity in sediment from a disused thermal vent in Yangbajing, Tibet A. R.. [Methods] To constructed the ITS-rRNA gene library of total DNA extracted from sediment by analyzed ITS-rRNA gene. Positive clones from the library were analyzed randomly by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis(ARDRA). Phylogenetic trees based on eukaryotic ITS-rRNA gene sequences were built up by using MEGA 4.0 program. [Results] There were Ascomycota, Chytridiomycota, Basidiomycota, Cercozoan, Metazoan and uncultured fungus in sediment from Yangbajing thermal vent.Chytridiales sp., Physoderma maydis, Powellomyces sp., Candida parapsilosis, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, Aureobasidium pullulans and Lecane bulla, all of them have not yet been reported to be inhabited in hot springs or thermal vents. [Conclusion] There were lots of eukaryotic microbes communities in sediment from the disused thermal vent in Yangbajing, Tibet A. R..

实践研究结果表明:创设问题情境是引导并组织学生开展自主探究学习的根本与关键所在。本文以此为研究对象,结合生物进化理论教学实际,分析了生物进化理论教学与创设问题情境间的结合,希望引起各方关注与重视。

西藏大学拉萨校本部是西藏自治区高校校园绿化具代表性的校园,通过对西藏大学拉萨校本部校园的木本植物种类、数量、物种丰富度、应用频率等的系统调查,结果表明:西藏大学拉萨校本部校园共有木本植物种类35种,其属于12科27属.其中较大的科为蔷薇科和杨柳科.整体上校园的植物资源较丰富,但绿化结构简单.建议加大植物种类的引种,提高植物种类的丰富度,使校园绿化体系发挥更好的生态效益和景观效果.

阐述了文化素质教育的定义;对西藏大学学生音乐素质现状的分析以及音乐公选课的素质教育要求美育、智育、德育三大功能。树立以后现代音乐教育学观念,设置以多元文化为特点的课程教学实践。

Educational administration system is the applied software to realize the whole process computerized management of ed ucational administration work which is a platform to improve the level of informatization management and competiting ability of schools’.Abide by the basic educational administration principle,this thesis aims at realizing full information management to ed ucation administration field by developing analysizing and procedure designing connectted with the its practice situation of Tibet University.

运用生态足迹计算模型,对拉萨市2008年生态足迹进行计算分析.结果显示:拉萨市2008年人均生态足迹为1.156hm2,人均生态承受力为1.278hm2,人均生态盈余为0.122hm2.表明2008年拉萨市的人均消费需求并未超过其生态承载能力.但由于拉萨市生态系统脆弱,自身生态承载力十分有限,文章提出了调整农业产业结构、改变能源消费结构、合理利用土地和发展循环经济等对策建议以减少生态压力.

The curriculum for adult education should be targeted,practical,intensive and multiform,while in reality it is not,it is less targeted,and poor in content,interactivity,artistry and serviceability.The curriculum for adult education should be developed based on the needs and interests of adult learners,and should have less clear-cut boundary between the disciplines,renewed content,the modern technical means of education and a multiple evaluation model.Additionally,all the resources should be integrated to develop a high-quality curriculum for adult education.

[Objective] This study aimed to uncover the biological characteristics of a parasitical fungus in Chrysosp/enium absconditicapsu/um J. T. Pan leaves. [Method] PDA medium was used to isolate the fungus from C. absconditicapsulum leaves; PDA medium, modified KB medium and Czapek medium were adopted to cultivate the isolated strain. [Result] Colonies of the strain were stretched, white, fedora- shaped with smooth and wavy edges, and showed diameter growth on PDA medi- um, modified KB medium and Czapek medium. At the late stage of culture, the colonies turned into cyanish brown on the above media. Spores were black and born on the surface of colonies on PDA medium with blackened medium. While on modified KB medium and Czapek medium, they were born at the edge of colonies with blackened medium. The spores varied in a wide range of shapes, mostly ob- clavate, sometimes spherical or ellipsoidal. The conidia were muriformly septate with transverse or longitudinal or oblique septations. The pseudo-beaks were short and cylindrical. [Conclusion] According to relevant literatures, the isolated strain is a fungus in Alternaria, Dematiaceae, Hylohomycetales, Hyphomycetes, Deuteromycotina.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the biological characteristics of parasitic Fusarium fungi from tibetan Cordyceps sinensis. [Method] A Fusarium strain was isolated from fresh tibetan Cordyceps sinensis as the experimental material, to observe the morphologies of Fusarium mycelium and spores. [Result] The isolated Fusarium fungus strain grew lushly on rice medium, with white and villiform myceliurn, and the villous stroma appeared in colors from beige to pink. After cultivated at （18 ± 4） ℃ for 14 d, the Fusarium strain produced milky white protrusions containing pale yellow chlamydospores, which can be divided into microconidiums and macroconidiums based on the different sizes. According to Ainsworth＇s classification system, the isolated strain belongs to Fusarium, Tuberculariales, Hyphomycetes, adelomycete subphylum. Further observation identified three types of macroconidium, and two of them showed distinct morphology, which was not described in Ainsworth＇s classification system. [Conclusion] The structure of the strain isolated from tibetan Cordyceps sinensis is significantly different from that of Fusariurn fungi recorded in relevant literatures, which requires further investigation.

分析了多媒体教学在西藏高校生物教学中的优点和由于对多媒体教学的认识和运用存在偏差而造成在西藏高校生物教学中运用多媒体时出现的一些问题,并针对存在的问题提出了建设性的意见。

The fair of compulsory education is the foundation of the fair of education.The important steps of implementing fair eduction is to achieve balanced development between urban and rural areas.In the article the elements which cause the imbalanced development between urban and rural areas of compulsory education in China are analyzed in terms of systems,economy,and thoughts.It is proposed that balanced development can be achieved by means of accelerating the development of rural areas,changing thoughts with errors,and strengthening decision-making mechanism,which are also the ways to promote the development of compulsory education in urban and rural areas in China.

Acquiring basic science knowledge is considered as an important part of one's humanities' knowledge.Applying the "exploring and studying" teaching model in the course of teaching natural "science",the authors effectively arouse the Arts majors' interest of studying natural "science" and reach the goal of increasing their science knowledge.

平菇栽培实践中存在着头潮菇后,培养料因水份被大量消耗而干缩,从而严重影响后期的出菇次数和产量提高.为了解决这一问题,本课题进行专项调研;找到了一种适合拉萨地区的解决办法,并指导菇农进行了生产技术的改进,即实行大棚袋栽平菇后期覆土栽培技术.