[目的]提高县域尺度耕地土壤有机质空间插值精度.[方法]基于福建省漳州市华安县215个土壤有机质野外采样数据,将样地土壤类型、土地利用方式两种定性因素转化为虚拟变量,结合土壤质地、海拔高度、坡度等定量因素,构建了BP神经网络与克里金插值(Kriging)相结合的非线性拟合法(BP OK),并与回归克里金插值法(RK)、普通克里金插值法(OK)进行对比.[结果]利用30个验证样点计算BP OK、RK、OK法的均方根误差分别为3.55、3.73、4.92 g?kg-1,相关系数分别为0.72、0.68、0.35.[结论]结合土壤有机质采样数据和外界辅助因素的BP OK法、RK法插值精度明显优于仅考虑土壤有机质采样数据空间自相关性的OK法,其中采用非线性拟合的BP OK法预测精度最高,证明了BP OK法可以有效改善县域尺度下耕地土壤有机质空间分布模拟精度.

耕地土壤有机质与耕地质量息息相关,其空间分布受人为因素和自然因素的双重影响.为提高空间插值模型预测精度,以福建省漳州市华安县为例,采用结合坡度、海拔高度、土地利用辅助信息的空间插值技术,探究最适合该区域的空间插值模型.结果表明:华安县耕地土壤有机质平均含量23.5 g/kg,属中等水平,变异系数为30.8％,属中等性变异,块金系数为55.1％,表明人为因素和自然因素对土壤有机质的空间变异的影响作用相当.结合土地利用类型的克里金插值模型精度最高,结合海拔高度的空间插值次之,结合辅助信息的空间插值与普通克里金插值相比,预测值和实测值的相关系数明显提升,均方根误差有不同程度的下降.

In order to accumulate the ecological restoration experience of the bedrock and to improve the ecological environment of the coastal hard site,the growth of species for trees and shrubs in the coastal forest of Pingtan Island was analyzed.Result shows that afforestation trees and shrubs all appear higher preservation rates on the rocky coast,and their ground diameter and tree height are significantly higher than those at early planting,and the ecological restoration effect is remarkable.Through the adaptability of the tree species,the descending order of adaptability of tree species is Casuarina equisetifolia>Acacia confusa>Araucaria cunninghamii>Sabina chinensis;the descending order of adaptability for four species of shrub species is Gardenia jasminoides>Eurya emarginata>Nerium indicum > Pittosporum tobira.

Experiments of vegetation restoration were conducted on bared mountains by adopting many methods.Result shows that the preservation rate of different tree species are all higher,except that the preservation rate of Acacia mangai and Nerium indicum is 85% & 88.33% respectively.The preservation rate of other tree species reached more than 94%,the growth rate of the main tree species is significantly higher than that of the windward slope.Casuarina equisetifolia and Taiwan Acacia were affected by sandstorm;the growth of parts of them are poor,with dry trunk outside.More than 60% of other tree species are growing well.Araucaria cunninghamii were minimally damaged by the wind,followed by Acacia confusa,Casuarina equisetifolia and Nerium indicum.Sand barrier played a very good protective effect on the growth of species.Survival rate,ground diameter and height growth of Casuarina equisetifolia within the sand barrier are all significantly higher than that outside the sand barrier.

尺度问题是森林叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)遥感反演的研究热点.以亚热带次生林与人工林为主要研究对象,利用典型样地LAI实测值和环境卫星(HJ1B-CCD2)数据进行LAI反演,通过升尺度获得1000m分辨率的平均叶面积指数(LAIa.1000)和表观叶面积指数(LAIp.1000),并与中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS) LAI产品进行比对,分析地表异质性和植被长势差异引起的MODIS LAI尺度效应.结果表明,MODIS LAI与LAIa,1000和LAIp,1000相关性较好(R2分别为0.302 1和0.5057),MODISLAI能够反映亚热带森林叶面积指数空间分布特征,但是MODIS LAI会出现明显的低估,MODIS LAI与LAIp,1000、LAIa.1000的平均差值分别为0.99、1.63利用混合像元内的植被面积比例和植被长势方差量纠正MODIS LAI的尺度效应,可以更好地描述森林实际生长情况.

Using the theory & method of landscape ecology ,continental area on main Pingtan Island of Comprehen‐sive experimental zone were taken as research objects .Taking three remote sensing images in the year of 1996 , 2002 ,2008 as the main data sources ,indices of landscape pattern for land use which are close to protection forest were analyzed ,so as to provide reference for Pingtan shelterbelts and even regional ecological construction .Three re‐mote sensing images were adopted to obtain the landscape indexes so as to analyse to possible relationship between coastal protection forest and the main land‐use of coastal area .Result shows that the landscape pattern of research area showing the trend of broken;the dynamics of the landscape indexes were consistent with the development tend‐ency of the economic society .Index variation of each landscape pattern building land ,farmland and other land uses which have close relationship with forestland are stronger .Finally ,four advices were given from the perspective of maintaining ecological safety island .

The dynamic change in photosynthetic characteristics of Casuarina equisetfolia across coastal gradients is measured by Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system.The result shows that coastal gradient has a significant effect on the dynamic change of photosynthetic characteristics of C.equisetfolia.The diurnal variation of photosynthetic rate takes the shape of single-peak curve at the first gradient but the shape of double-peak curve at other gradients,and the mean value of diurnal variation at the second gradient is the highest.The seasonal variation of photosynthetic rate at the first,second and third gradient takes the shape of doublepeak curve but the shape of single-peak curve at the fourth gradient,and the mean value of seasonal variation at the second gradient is the highest.C.equisetfolia at the first gradient has the lowest contention of the chlorophyll,while it at the second gradient has the highest contention.The light compensation points and the light saturation points of C.equisetfolia at different gradients are between 10 to 60 μmol·m-2·s-1and between 70 to 500 μmol·m-2·s-1respectively,and the applied range of light intensity used by C.equisetfolia is most widely at the second gradient.The CO2 compensation points and the CO2 saturation points are between 13 to 19 μmol·m-2·s-1and between 1 500 to 1 800 μmol·m-2·s-1respectively,and the applied range of CO2 concentration used by C.equisetfolia is wide at all gradients.

The transpiration rate and its influencing factors of Casuarina equisetifolia on the coastal sands of Chishan Forest Center in Dongshan,Fujian were investigated for 1 year.The results showed as follows.(1) The diurnal variation of transpiration rate(Tr) in branchlet appeared as a single-peak curve.The transpiration rate peaked at 12:00-14:00 and sharply dropped after 16:00.The diurnal variation of transpiration rate varied among different months,of which the daily peak was the highest in August and the lowest in December,3.43 and 1.08 mmol·m-2·s-1,respectively.The diurnal variation of transpiration rate presented similar trend with that of atmospheric temperature(Ta).(2) The transpiration rate in branchlet varied obviously in a season,which was higher from July to September,lower in May,June and October,and the lowest from November to the next April.(3) The relative humidity,atmospheric temperature,and vapor pressure deficit were environmental factors that mainly influenced the transpiration rate in branchlet,among which atmospheric temperature was the most important.The correlation between the transpiration rate and atmospheric temperature could be simulated by the quadratic function of Tr=4.603-0.372Ta+0.009Ta2(R2=0.855,P0.01).The correlation between the transpiration rate and soil moisture(Wc) could be simulated by the exponential function of Tr=0.665e0.09Wc(R2=0.848,P0.01).

分析理学背景下的工学实践能力培养的背景及闽江学院地理科学系资源环境与城乡规划管理专业高年级课程设置体系的现实问题,认为应从实现以教师定课程向由课程培养目标定教学能力的转变;按工学实践能力培养目标要求编写实验(践)指导教材;专业课程体系设置与教学兼顾学生就业实践能力的需求;把学生课程实践成果纳入课程体系建设;加强课程体系建设的支撑平台建设五个方面构建理工结合的课程体系。

The study about the poisonous plant resources in Youxi,Fujian,there were 87 kinds(including planting and cultivating) poisonous plants which haven't been written into any studies.Now,they were reported in this paper.Their family names,scientific names,local names,poisonous parts and toxicities were listed,which are provided to the related departments for reference.

Seasonal dynamics of standing crop of nutrient for fine roots of Casuarina equisetifolia plantations of different ages was studied at Chihu forestry center of Hui′an County,Fujian Province.The results showed as follows: The standing crop of nutrients was higher in living fine roots than in dead fine roots for different aged C.equisetifolia plantations.The higher standing crop of nutrients in January,July and November than in other months responded to environmental conditions and the growth status of roots.The standing crop of nutrient increased and then decreased with forest ages.For living fine roots,standing crop of N,P,K and C reached the highest in 30-year-old plantation,while Ca and Mg in 18-year-old plantation.However,the standing crop of nutrients in dead fine roots increased gradually from 6 to 42-year-old plantations.So season and forest age would be responsible for the nutrient uptake.

Contents of some mineral elements and their resorption efficiencies in Casuarina equisetifolia branchlets across a coastal gradient were studied at the Chishan Forestry Center of Dongshan County,Fujian Province,China.The results showed that the distance to coast had a significant effect on the contents of mineral elements and their resorption efficiencies.Resorption efficiencies of K element(REK) were all positive across the coastal gradient,with the lowest value found at the coastline sampling site,while Fe and Zn resorption efficiencies(REFe and REZn) were all negative across the coastal gradient.Ca,Mg and Na resorption efficiencies(RECa,REMg and RENa),which were contrary to Mn(REMn),were negative in seaward plantations and positive in inland plantations.It was suggested that the resorption efficiencies of the mineral nutrients significantly decreased with severer environmental stresses.There were also significant positive correlations between the K and Mg content and their resorption efficiencies in mature branchlets while the correlations between the Na and Fe content and their resorption efficiencies were significantly negative.In senescent branchlets,the content of all the elements and their resorption efficiencies except for K were negatively correlated.In addition,the correlation was positive between REZn and REMn,while negative between REZn and resorption efficiencies of other elements.No correlation was found between REMn and resorption efficiencies of other elements.These results showed that nutrient conditions in branchlets had different effects on their resoption efficiencies for different mineral nutrients.Tab 5,Ref 42

Ceroplastes floridensis Constock(CFC) is a major pest of Cinnamomum japonicum Siebl(CJS).In orthogonal tests,Carbosulfan,Avermectins and Acetamiprid were injected into the stems of CJS trees along the roads in Youxi County of Fujian Province to prevent CFC.The result showed that the major factors which influence the preventive effect are pesticide category and the frequency of pesticide using.The most efficient way is using acetamiprid stock solution(3%) for 3 times,with 8 mL on a tree each time.Characterized with durable effect and low cost,being pollution-free to environment,human,poultry and other animals,Acetamiprid is can be popularized in afforestation programs.Meanwhile,comprehensive control should also be enhanced to prevent the pest.

In the current urban construction,we must uphold the scientific concept of development,firmly grasp the focus of the work of the energy reduction,energy conservation,improve resource utilization.Based on the analysis of the traditional houses in Fujian green environment-friendly construction,these construction site of the traditional houses,as well as the structure of "harmony between man and nature" of the environment and the concept of "together to form a clan," will have been an important role in the inspiration and reference in the lifestyle of the urban and rural areas by building energy-saving construction.

以连续定位测定数据,对福建海岸带木麻黄林地土壤水分动态及有效性进行分析。结果表明,木麻黄防护林土壤水分的季节变化分为5个时期:土壤水分积累期、土壤水分消退期、土壤水分缓冲期、土壤水分平稳期、土壤水分恢复期。土壤水分垂直变化在1m内垂直剖面上,水分变异系数都在0.45以上,土壤水分变异较大。从土壤水分有效性来看,其土壤水分基本上处于难效水状态,在时间和深度上,中龄林土壤难效水出现的机率为90.8%,略低于幼龄林土壤(幼龄林为98.3%),相应中龄林土壤中效水出现的机率为9.2%,略高于幼龄林土壤(幼龄林为1.7%)。通过对影响土壤水分含量的气象因子的综合分析,得到土壤含水量与气象因子之间的多元回归方程。降水是限制木麻黄林木生长发育的主要因子。

采用四因素五水平二次通用旋转组合设计方法,以1年生木麻黄盆栽苗为研究对象,建立了木麻黄苗期生物量的水肥交互效应方程模型,方程精度高.分析出各因素在不同水平下的边际生物量,结果表明,水肥的合理配施是提高木麻黄生物量和土壤水分利用率的有效途径.

The biomass and energy of Acasia crassicarpa forest and Pinus elliotti forest were studied,the results showed as follows:1) biomass and energy of Acasia crassicarpa forest were 149.51 t/hm~2 and 3 079.16×10~6 kJ/hm~2, respectively;There were some differences in gross caloric values among the various components (19.98~23.48 kJ/g) with the average gross caloric value of 20.59 kJ/g;2) those of the Pinus elliotti forest were 142.22 t/hm~2 and 2 986.28×10~6 kJ/hm~2,gross caloric values of fraction ranged from 20.53 to 21.54 kJ/g with the average value of 21.00 kJ/g.3) Both Acasia crassicarpa and Pinus elliotti forest had developed root system which supplied enough nutrients for them to grow fast on poor sandy site,high trunk ratio,and also great standing crop biomass,which could play a good effect on defending wind and fixing sandy;The high average caloric value of both forest reflected they had good adaptability and high utilization of solar energy on coastal sand.With those characters above,they were good species to advance environment and improve biodiversity of southeast of China.

By focusing on the coupling of water and fertilizer and using all-purpose regression design with four factors and five levels, and based on pot experiments and quantitative analysis, the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on Casuarina equsetifolia biomass was studied in order to solve the inconsistency problem of water and fertilizer supply on coastal sandy land. The results show that the coupling and alternating effects of four factors on Casuarina equsetifolia biomass exist and different conditions of water, N, P and K produce different biomass. Therefore, proper fertilization is an effective method to improve large-area inferior forests caused by the inconsistency of water and fertilizer supply.

通过连续定位测定数据,对福建东南海岸带木麻黄林地土壤水分季节变化特征及木麻黄的季节生长进行了详细调查分析.结果表明,福建东南海岸带木麻黄防护林生态系统土壤水分的季节变化分为5个时期:土壤水分积累期、土壤水分消退期、土壤水分缓冲期、土壤水分平稳期、土壤水分恢复期.土壤水分的季节变化对林木生长的影响极大,在福建东南沿海地区,雨量不均,干湿季节明显,降水是限制木麻黄林木生长发育的主要因子.通过对土壤含水量和木麻黄生长量的分析,得到木麻黄生长量和土壤水分之间的回归方程.

The study on the energy characteristics of Casurina equisetifolia community on red earth eolian sandy soil and homogeneous eolian sandy soil in Dongshan County of Fujian Province showed that the standing biomass and energy of Casurina equisetifolia community were 15 681.84 g x m(-2) and 317 795.31 kJ x m(-2) on red earth eolian sandy soil, and 5 129.87 g x m(-2) and 10 575.50 kJ x m(-2) on homogeneous eolian sandy soil, respectively. On homogeneous eolian sandy soil, the gross caloric value of the community ranged from 19.98 kJ x g(-1) to 21.39 kJ x g(-1), of which, dead branch was the highest while root was the lowest, and its percentage was 46.93% (truck) > 16.44%(root) > 13.92% (branch) > 12.28% (dead branch) > 5.87% (bark) > 3.90% (leaf) > 0.66% (fruit). The return amount of litter was 2061.77 kJ x m(-2) x yr(-1), and the net energy productivity was 12662.82 kJ x m(-2) x yr(-1). On red earth eolian sandy soil, the gross caloric value was 19.84 - 21.70 kJ x g(-1), among which, leaf was the highest while root was the lowest, and its percentage was 38.09% (truck) > 19.48% (branch) > 17.09% (root) > 16.86% (leaf) >6.83% (bark) > 0.88% (dead branch) > 0.77% (fruit). The returned amount of litter was 9070.47 kJ x m(-2) x yr(-1), and the net energy productivity was 31 298.70 kJ x m(-2) yr(-1). The standing biomass and energy of Casurina equisetifolia community were higher on red earth eolian sandy soil than on homogeneous eolian sandy soil, mainly because red earth eolian sandy soil had a thinner sandy layer (< 20 cm) and a stronger nutrient and water supplying ability.