This study aimed to investigate the effects of three dominant mangrove species (Avicennia marina, Aegiceras corniculatum, and Kandelia obovata) on the distribution of the metal elements Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn and the enzymes urease, phosphatase, polyphenol oxidase, and catalase. Concentrations of the metallic elements and enzymatic activities were quantified in soils under the three mangrove species in the Quanzhou Bay estuarine wetland, a typical coastal wetland in China. Results showed that A. corniculatum promoted aggregation of Mn, urease, and phosphatase, while K. obovata contributed to accumulation of Cu, urease, and phosphatase. Furthermore, A. marina induced activation of Zn and accumulation of urease, phosphatase, and catalase. The characteristic enzyme and metal distributions induced by the different mangrove species are likely to result from different planting times, root systems, and soil pH and salinity. Moreover, the three mangrove species were found to influence the diversity of elemental and enzymatic stoichiometry through differences in the soil microenvironment, which can promote biodiversity in wetland ecosystems. These findings provide a useful guideline to develop strategies for restoration of estuarine wetlands.

Mangrove wetland ecosystem in Quanzhou Bay in Fujian Province is newly restored with a regular semidiurnal tide. Soil CO2 concentration in the mangrove soil was determined by Li-840 portable gas analyzer, and periodic characteristics of soil CO2 emission was investigated. The soil CO2 flux in the wetland soil was relatively small because the mangrove was young. The change trends of soil CO2 concentration and flux with time were consistent in Kandelia obovate and Aegiceras corniculatum communities in the intertidal periods. The CO2 concentration and flux in the wetland soil were 557.08-2211.50 μmol · mol(-1) and -0.21-0.40 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1), respectively. The average CO2 flux in the wetland soil was 0.26 μmol · mol(-1) · s(-1) in the intertidal of morning and evening tides (early intertidal) and -0.01 μmol · m(-2) · s(-1) in the intertidal of evening and morning tides (late intertidal), respectively. At the same time after the tide, the concentration and flux of CO2 in the mangrove soil in early intertidal was higher than that in late intertidal. In early intertidal, the relationship between the flux and instantaneous concentration of CO2 in the wetland soil was expressed as a bell-shaped curve, and CO2 flux increased first and then decreased with the increasing CO2 concentration, which was in conformity with Gaussian distribution.

Quantitative change of nitrifying bacteria in different plots and vegetation types at the Quanzhou Bay estuary wetland was studied. A real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR) method was established to identify and quantify Nitrobacter. spp, Nitrospira. spp and Nitrosornonas. spp in the soil under different vegetation types. The results showed that there was a significant difference in quantity of the three nitrifying bacteria genera in the soil at different plots and under differ- ent vegetation types. The quantity of the three nitrifying bacteria genera in the Soil under vegetations was higher than that in the new alluvial soil without plants and bared land. The quantity of the nitrifying bacteria in the soil under Avicennia marina was lowest in the soil under other vegetations. The amount of Nitrosomonas. spp in the soil under native Aegiceras cornicula- turn was higher than that under other mangroves. The quantity of Nitrobacter. spp and nitrosomonas, spp in the soil under Spartina alterniflora was higher than that under mangroves. Quantitative change of nitrifying bacteria is related with the veg- etation types and soil phys-chemical factors.

Kandelia candel, Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina are the dominant plant species of Quanzhou Bay Estuarine Wetland. In this study, we had established the four-parametric logistic equations of plant height, tree crown diameter and leaf length versus the time after they were transplanted (sowed). The development pattern of the wetland plants was different among species and locations. The growth parameters estimated using four logistic equations is able to provide detailed plant dynamic growth information for Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina. By comparison, it is difficult to assess the adaptability of Kandelia candel to the environment of the region whether the upstream or downstream. However, we can deduce that Avicennia marina is suitable for growing in the upstream and downstream of Luoyang River, not in the midstream. The results will provide scientific basis for the allocation and arrange on plant species in the wetland.

The photosynthetic charcteristics of the dominant plants Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina at downstream in Quanzhou Bay Estuarine Wetland on August 3, 2008 were measured, and the relationship between the photosynthetics of these plants and the climatic factors were analyzed. The results showed that the diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rates of three species of plants was three-peak curve due to tidal action. The order of the average daily net photosynthetic rate was as following: Avicennia marinaAegiceras corniculatumKandelia candel. The net photosynthetic rate of the plants was significantly correlated with their own physiological factors. There was a significant negative correlation between the net photosynthetic rate of the plants and the intercellular CO2 concentration, especially. The impact of stomatal conductance on the photosynthesis varied with plants. The net photosynthetic rates of Aegiceras corniculatum and Avicennia marina were significantly affected by stomatal conductance, and that of Kandelia candel was not affected. It was found that Avicennia marina had the adaptation to high salt environment, and sensitivity to flooding. But, Kandelia candel had the adaptation to tide changes, and sensitivity to high salt environment. The adaptation to high salt environment and flooding of Aegiceras corniculatum was intermediate between Avicennia marina and Kandelia candel.

Aegiceras corniculatum, Kandelia candel and Avicennia marina are the dominant plant species of Quanzhou Bay estuarine wetland. The characteristics of chlorophyll fluorescence of plants in the wetland from different locations (upstream, midstream and downstream) at different times was studied. Initial fluorescence in Aegiceras corniculatum (0.187) was the greatest at noon, which suggested that Aegiceras corniculatum undergo large environment stress at this time. At downstream, the chlorophyll initial fluorescence of Aegiceras corniculatum in the morning (0.129) was significantly less than that in the afternoon (0.173), and that of K.candel in the morning (0.142) was also significantly less than that in the afternoon (0.171). The maximum quantum yield of Aegiceras corniculatum and K.candel, 0.795 and 0.799 respectively, was significantly higher than that of each plant species in the afternoon. It suggested that the environmental stress on the plants in the morning was less than that in the afternoon at downstream. The curves of chlorophyll fluorescence in response to photosynthetically active radiation showed that the photosynthetic potential and the capture light energy efficiency of the Aegiceras corniculatum in the morning were lower than those in the afternoon. At downstream, the photosynthetic potential and the capture light energy efficiency of Aegiceras corniculatum in the morning was the highest. Mature K.candel in the afternoon was provided with the highest the photosynthetic potential and the capture light energy efficiency. The photosynthetic potential and the capture light energy efficiency of the 5-year-old K.candel in the morning was the least at upstream. Mature Aegiceras corniculatum, K.candel and Avicennia marina were provided with good adaptability.

The seasonal urease and phosphatase activities in the soil under different mangrove plants and upon different plots (upstream,midstream and downstream)at Quanzhou Bay estuarine wetland were studied.The main results were as follows:There was significant correlation between the soil urease and phosphatase activities,which showed no significant difference upon different plots.The urease and phosphatase activities in the soil were higher in spring than autumn,which under mangrove plants were all higher than those in the New alluvial soil without plants and Bared land.Soil uresse activity exhibited no significant difference under different mangrove species.The phosphatase activity in the soil of Centenary Aegiceras corniculatum(CA) and Spartina alterniflor(Sa)was the highest,which was the higher in the soil of Kandelia candel(Kc)and Avicennia marine (Am).The two soil enzyme activities generally decreased with increasing soil depth,and those in the soil at Quanzhou Bay estuarine wetland were closed relation to the plant species and root distribution.of the mangrove forest.These findings offered a theoretical foundation for the environmental protection and ecological restoration of Quanzhou Bay estuarine wetland.

以泉州湾红树林河口湿地为对象,对不同植被种类下2种土壤氧化还原酶(过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶)活性在不同季节(春季和秋季)和不同区域(上游、中游和下游)的时空变化规律进行了研究,结果表明:(1)土壤过氧化氢酶活性的季节变化规律为春季>秋季,多酚氧化酶活性则随季节变化无明显差异;(2)在不同区域,过氧化氢酶活性表现为上游高于中游和下游,多酚氧化酶活性则为中游低于上游和下游;(3)从总体上来看,植被种类对两种酶活力影响不大.由于植被的分布差异,从表观上看,原生的桐花树下的土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著低于其他植被(秋茄和白骨壤)与无植被生长的空地和裸地,秋茄和裸地下的土壤多酚氧化酶活性显著高于其他植被.从结果的分析可以看出,泉州湾红树林河口湿地土壤两种氧化酶活性变化成极显著的相关关系.以上结果为泉州湾河口湿地的生态修复与环境保护提供了一定的理论依据.

The high salinity of coastal saline field is a key factor limiting the reclamation. Halophytes have been utilized in the reclamation of saline land. The study area is in Yancheng, China. An analysis of the concentrations of Rb, Cs, Sr, and Ba, the ratio of Rb/Cs, and Sr/Ba in soils in autumn shows that the soil of this study area has great homogeneity. Artemisia halodendron , Gossypium hirsutum , and Sesbania cannabina were selected as the reclamation plants in the present study. In order to know the spatial-temporal distribution of soil salinity, the influence of plant-specific vegetation, and the difference of desalination among these halophytes in coastal flat, the authors analyze the soil-layers and seasonal variation in salt ions. Sodium chloride was accumulated in 0–5 cm topsoil with no vegetation during the winter and spring. The effect of desalinization of halophytes is significant. Of the three plant species, Sesbania cannabina has the greatest desalinization. The difference of ions composition of soils covered with various plant species is significant. It can be concluded that halophytes have better amelioration of coastal soil salinity. Special attention should be paid to the selection of plant species and measures to plant and cultivate crops in the reclamation of saline land.

In the mangrove afforestation,the mangrove cold-tolerant ability,ocean-orientated character and ecological security should be thoroughly taken into account,and the species should be selected according to the actual status.At the same time,the mixed forest is selected so as to reduce the damage of diseases and pests,as well as taking account of the aesthetic combination of plant modality,florescence and flower color variation to increase its ornamental value.The study takes Luoyangjiang River wetland as the example,and the species are selected according to mangrove cold-tolerant ability,salt-tolerant ability,ocean-orientated character and ecological security.The result shows the main mangrove species for afforestation in Luoyangjiang River are Aegiceras corniculatum,Kandelia candel,Avicennia marina and the foreign species Acanthns ilicifolius,Bruguiera gymnorrhiza and Rhizophora stylosa,etc.

The paper delineated wetland functions, wetland resources and thecurrent situation of wetland protection and exploitation in Huian County. Theauthors discussed the problems in wetland protection and management inrelation to the public awareness education, the management systems, the pol-lution control and the construction of wetland natural reserves, etc. Somesuggestions to the existing problems were put forward. These include propa-ganda and education on wetland protection, enhancement of legal manage-ment capability and increasing of researches on wetland restorationtechnologies, restoration of degraded ecosystems, establishment of demon-stration stations of wetland protection and sustainable exploitation, etc.

The paper established the principles, structure,weights of indexes, the present datum and the calculation methods on evaluation index system of urban forest, taking Huian County as an example. Depending on the evaluation index system, it evaluated the present condition of urban forest in Huian County, and established the attaining target in 2010 and in 2020. The result showed that the synthetic index system of urban forest would surpass by 1.932 times in 2010 and 2.943 times in 2020 than that of the present condition if the target was completed.The construction,the function and the coordination of urban forest would be respectively increased by 1.706,1.815 and 2.564 times.in 2010 and 2.648,2.589 and 4.269 times in 2020,therefore the environment quality would be much improved.

通过连续定位测定数据,对福建东南海岸带木麻黄林地土壤水分季节变化特征及木麻黄的季节生长进行了详细调查分析.结果表明,福建东南海岸带木麻黄防护林生态系统土壤水分的季节变化分为5个时期:土壤水分积累期、土壤水分消退期、土壤水分缓冲期、土壤水分平稳期、土壤水分恢复期.土壤水分的季节变化对林木生长的影响极大,在福建东南沿海地区,雨量不均,干湿季节明显,降水是限制木麻黄林木生长发育的主要因子.通过对土壤含水量和木麻黄生长量的分析,得到木麻黄生长量和土壤水分之间的回归方程.

红树林为热带和亚热带海岸潮间带特有的植被类型,但因人为的破坏,我国红树林面积和资源锐减,现有红树林湿地中不少处于退化状态,开展红树林湿地生态恢复具有重要意义.在福建泉州湾红树林湿地开展了不同滩涂立地、造林方式、栽植不同密度下桐花树、秋茄的生态恢复试验,进行了各种造林方法的经济投入分析.结果表明,在海岸湿地进行植被恢复和造林地规划时,应重视滩涂潮汐浸淹深度的影响,尽量选择浅滩地、中滩地营造红树林.桐花树移植天然小苗,秋茄采用胚轴插植方法造林,成活率达83%以上.造林初植密度以0.5 m×1.0 m适当密植为宜.红树人工林通过消浪、促淤、降低风速等作用达到了保护海岸的目的.

The paper studied the landscape patterns in Huian, a coastal county of Fujian Province. By selecting the diversity index,dominance index and evenness index,the landscape patterns in the county were analyzed. The result showed that the landscape pattern was mainly the farmland and the diversity index of forestry areas was the maximum, but the environment quality was rather poor. There were 7 032 patches in the studied region, and the largest was 11.2 km~2, the smallest was 420 m~2, this showed that the difference of patch areas was very large. With the increasing disturbances, the landscape diversity decreased and the dominance increased.

随着泉州湾河口湿地自然保护区的建设,红树林保护和建设已纳入沿海各县区林业工作,但红树林造林技术报道却很少.我们通过对泉州湾洛阳江湿地自然状况的分析,选择适宜在泉州湾营造红树林的树种,同时对原生红树林树种桐花树、秋茄造林技术进行研究,为湿地自然保护区的红树林建设提供了技术支撑.

Based on the analysis to the status and the exciting questions of the coastal wetlands at luo-yang river in Quanzhou Bay,this paper summarized some ideas and suggestions on the ecological renewal of the coastal wetlands,at the same time,put forward some countermeasures for their reconstruction.

采用样带法对泉州湾桐花树种群的空间分布格局进行研究.结果表明:桐花树种群趋于随机分布;桐花树种群的丛生指数I,扩散指数Iб,聚块性指数m·/m等指标值对1.0的离差没有显著偏离,负二项式参数K值为负值.从幼苗群、小树群到大树群,桐花树植物种群分布格局的动态规律为随机型→随机型→集群型或随机型;秋茄种群分布格局的动态规律为集群型→随机型→随机型.