ABSTRACT: A wide array of chemosensory genes have been discovered in insects to navigate the wide range of chemicals through olfactory mechanisms. However, the chemosensory system of termites remains poorly understood at the molecular and genetic levels. Several gene families play a role in this system, still the pickpocket receptor (PPK) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel genes have yet to be thoroughly investigated. Odontotermes formosanus is a notably destructive insect pest, inflicting significant harm on crops, wood, and man-made structures. This study aims to explore transcriptomic data from worker termites to elucidate the PPKs and TRP channels in O. formosanus. We identified five candidate genes: OforPPK and TRPs (OforTRPAPyx, OforTRPAPain, OforTRPA, and OforTRPM). Multiple sequence alignments were conducted to clarify the phylogenetic relationship of the PPKs among termites and other insect species. Furthermore, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed caste-specific expression patterns, with significantly higher expression levels in the worker caste compared to the soldier caste. The pronounced expression of OforPPK and OforTRPs genes in various castes suggests their involvement in the social behavior of termites. These genes are likely engaged in processing mechanical and chemical sensory inputs, playing a pivotal role in the sensory physiology of insects. This research enhances our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying the olfactory sensory system in termites and establishes a foundation for identifying potential targets for developing environmentally safe termite insecticides and pest control strategies.

在冬种马铃薯种植中安装薄膜滴灌设施，采用薄膜滴灌水肥一体化栽培管理技术进行肥水管理，制定合理水肥计划，本文通过实验，证明薄膜滴灌水肥一体化栽培管理技术操作简单，节水效果显著，有效提高冬种马铃薯产量。

BACKGROUND:Tuberous root formation and development is a complex process in sweet potato, which is regulated by multiple genes and environmental factors. However, the regulatory mechanism of tuberous root development is unclear.RESULTS:In this study, the transcriptome of fibrous roots (R0) and tuberous roots in three developmental stages (Rl, R2, R3) were analyzed in two sweet potato varieties, GJS-8 and XGH. A total of 22,914 and 24,446 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in GJS-8 and XGH respectively, 15,920 differential genes were shared by GJS-8 and XGH. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs shared by GJS-8 and XGH were mainly involved in "plant hormone signal transduction" "starch and sucrose metabolism" and "MAPK signal transduction". Trihelix transcription factor (Tai6.25300) was found to be closely related to tuberous root enlargement by the comprehensive analysis of these DEGs and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA).CONCLUSION:A hypothetical model of genetic regulatory network for tuberous root development of sweet potato is proposed, which emphasizes that some specific signal transduction pathways like "plant hormone signal transduction" "Ca2+signal" "MAPK signal transduction" and metabolic processes including "starch and sucrose metabolism" and "cell cycle and cell wall metabolism" are related to tuberous root development in sweet potato. These results provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of tuberous root development in sweet potato.

[目的]为解决广西春薯种苗供应不足的问题,对甘薯种苗繁育技术进行研究.[方法]采用冬季温室地热种薯育苗和大田拱棚种苗繁育方法,开展甘薯春季种苗繁育技术研究,对比分析两种方法在种苗产量、育苗成本以及春薯生产之间的差异.[结果]温室大棚地热育苗方法种苗产出量为74万株/667m2,百苗重为2.5kg,单株成本为0.075元,春薯栽插缺苗率为10.7％,鲜薯商品薯产量为1230.2kg/667m2,单位面积纯收入为1260.2元/667m2;大田拱棚育苗方法种苗产出量为1.5万株/667m2,百苗重为4.5kg,单株成本为0.144元,春薯栽插缺苗率为7.1％,鲜薯商品薯产量为1706.5kg/667m2,单位面积纯收入为2221.0元/667m2.[结论]温室大棚地热种薯育苗方法是解决广西春种苗供应不足的有效方法.

The sweet potato weevil, Cylas formicarius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Brentidae), is a destructive insect pest that damages sweet potatoes both in the field and during storage. To identify new environmentally friendly insecticides to control this insect pest, three assays (olfactory test, anti-feeding assay, and toxicity assay) were conducted to evaluate the efficacy and mode of action of 10 botanical insecticides against C. formicarius adults in 2015 and 2016. Of these 10 botanical insecticides, tea saponin, pyrethrins, and veratrine showed significant repellency in olfactory tests. Eight botanical insecticides showed anti-feeding effects in the feeding choice test. Five botanical insecticides had high toxicity. Among them, the lethal concentrations of rotenone were lowest followed by pyrethrins. The lethal time values of rotenone were shortest followed by nicotine. In conclusion, rotenone, pyrethrins, nicotine, and toosendanin have the potential to control C. formicarius adults. Of these, pyrethrins and toosendanin are more environmentally friendly than rotenone and nicotine and were identified as better insecticides to control C. formicarius. Key words: Toxicity, repellency, anti-feeding, Coleoptera, Brentidae, environmentally friendly insecticides.

[目的]探索不同紫甘薯品种对不同土壤条件下外源硒肥的吸收利用特点,为广西富硒甘薯产业良种良法配套提供参考依据.[方法]以桂经薯8号、桂经薯9号和越南紫薯3个紫甘薯品种为试验材料,选取南宁、北海等地的不同土壤类型(黏壤土、砂壤土)、不同土壤硒含量地块(中硒土壤、富硒土壤),采用小区比对方法,黏壤土设0(CK)、3000和6000 g/ha 3个硒肥用量处理,砂壤土设0(CK)、6000和12000 g/ha 3个硒肥用量处理,分别在甘薯栽植后30和60 d进行叶面硒肥喷施,收获后测定鲜薯产量和块根硒含量.[结果]在富硒黏壤土条件下,3个甘薯品种的鲜薯产量在不同硒肥用量处理间无显著差异(P>0.05,下同),但其鲜薯硒含量均随硒肥用量的增加而升高,在硒肥用量为6000 g/ha时,各品种均达广西富硒农产品标准DB 45/T 1061—2014《富硒农产品硒含量分类要求》的薯类富硒标准(0.02～0.20 mg/kg);随硒肥用量增加,3个紫甘薯品种块根的硒富集系数(BCF)和硒吸收利用率均呈上升趋势.在砂壤土条件下,不同地点不同紫甘薯品种2个施硒处理的鲜薯产量均高于CK,但当硒肥用量从6000 g/ha增加到12000 g/ha时,合浦冲口的桂经薯8号、合浦禁山的越南紫薯及合浦白沙3个品种的鲜薯产量均出现降低趋势;随硒肥用量增加,甘薯块根BCF呈上升趋势,且处理间差异达显著水平;硒肥用量增加可提高多数试验点甘薯块根的硒吸收利用率,少数试验点甘薯块根的硒肥利用率出现降低趋势;在所有参试点中,在硒肥用量为6000 g/ha时,3个参试紫甘薯品种的块根硒含量均达富硒标准;在合浦禁山点富硒土壤中,桂经薯8号在不施硒肥条件下,其块根硒含量可达0.038 mg/kg,即天然富硒能力较强.[结论]桂经薯8号富硒能力较强,在富硒砂壤土地区可作为天然富硒甘薯品种进行大面积推广;桂经薯9号和越南紫薯也可在土壤硒含量中等以上的地区,辅助以叶面喷施6000 g/ha的外源硒肥作为富硒甘薯品种进行推广.

通过不同的间套种方式试验,得出木薯行间套种两行大豆是最佳的大豆套种方式,其套种亩产值最高.

进行不同种植方式对木薯产量的影响试验,结果表明:鲜薯、薯干和淀粉的产量均表现为直插单茎＞平放单茎＞“八”字斜插双茎＞斜插单茎.其中,直插单茎比其余3个处理增产33％～86％,与斜插单茎达显著差异;薯干率和鲜薯淀粉含量均表现为平放单茎＞斜插单茎＞直插单茎＞“八”字斜插双茎,差异不大;“八”字斜插双茎会导致茎叶徒长,显著降低单株的鲜薯重、收获指数和结薯数.在起垄种植中,宜推荐直插单茎,“八”字斜插双茎种植法在当地不可取.

Abastract [Objective] The aim was to provide a scientific basis for sweet potato varieties demonstration in Hepu County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. [Method] The fresh potato yield, dry matter yield, drying rate and other traits of test species were compared, by comparing test with introduction of 10 new potato varieties. [Result] The results showed that the five sweet potato varieties Guangshu87, Guifen 3, Guishu 131, Waipoteng and Guishu6 had better yield and comprehensive quality traits, and the tuber number per plant fresh weight, medium-sized potato rate were better than the control, so suitable for planting in Hepu County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. [Conclusion] The five sweet potato varieties Guangshu87, Guifen 3, Guishu 131, Waipoteng and Guishu6 were suitable for planting in Hepu County of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region.

Fresh corn was one of the main crops in the industrial structure adjustment. The yield cultivation techniques of fresh corn were discussed from the following aspects, including species selection, site preparation, seed treatment, sowing and field management, etc. The results provided technical references for production of fresh corn.

The results of field tests indicated that the different methods of planting cassava seed stem had no significant influ -ences on the yield and economic characters of cassava variety SC 205, but horizontally-positioned planting method was slightly bet-ter than oblique-positioned planting method .The bud-eye direction of seed stem had significant effect on the yield of cassava , and the yield of fresh tuber , dry tuber, and starch in various bud -eye direction treatments all revealed the following order:south-ward>eastward>westward>northward.When horizontally-positioned planting method was used , the cassava yield showed the following sequence in bud -eye direction: southward >westward >northward >eastward.When oblique -positioned planting method was adopted , the cassava yield could be arranged as follows:eastward>southward>westward>northward .Therefore , the mechanized planting technique ( including ridging , horizontally planting the seed stem , and making the bud -eye of seed stem southward ) for cassava was suggested .

介绍了木薯主要病虫害,包括木薯细菌性枯萎病、细菌性角斑病、木薯褐斑病、木薯花叶病毒病、枯萎叶斑病、木薯朱砂螨、白蛴螬、蔗根锯天牛、地老虎等的危害症状,并提出了相应的防治措施,以期为木薯的主要病虫害防治提供参考。

介绍了玉米高产制种技术,主要包括选地整地、适期播种、田间管理、肥水管理、花期调控、去雄与授粉、病虫鼠害防治、采收等内容,以供玉米制种者参考。

一、雨后及时用井水浇园 井水较凉,可降低地表温度,减少地面板结程度.通过烧灌井水能把粘附在茎叶的泥沙清洗掉,使叶片恢复正常中短呼吸、蒸腾和光合作用,并增强根系呼吸,喊少有毒的还原物质如硫化氢等.