一、案例背景依据《义务教育体育与健康课程标准(2011年版)》要求,教师应关注学生的个体差异,以"以学定教"为理念,让每名学生在体育中体验快乐.笔者在教学中,尝试改进教学方法,以满足学生的需求.如,侧手翻技术动作较为复杂并具有一定的危险性,因此,笔者在侧手翻的教学中通过支撑高垫的方式,即从高垫侧...>>详细一、案例背景依据《义务教育体育与健康课程标准(2011年版)》要求,教师应关注学生的个体差异,以"以学定教"为理念,让每名学生在体育中体验快乐.笔者在教学中,尝试改进教学方法,以满足学生的需求.如,侧手翻技术动作较为复杂并具有一定的危险性,因此,笔者在侧手翻的教学中通过支撑高垫的方式,即从高垫侧手翻过渡到平地侧手翻,有效地帮助学生克服了心理障碍,让学生勇于尝试学练侧手翻.

目的 了解平湖市市售水产品中副溶血性弧菌、 创伤弧菌和霍乱弧菌的污染状况及其致病力,为预防食源性疾病并制定防控措施提供依据.方法 采集2016—2017年平湖市海鲜批发市场、 农贸市场及大型超市的海水产品和淡水产品,采用弧菌显色法进行副溶血性弧菌、 创伤弧菌和霍乱弧菌定性检测,并进行毒力基因、 血清型和药敏试验.结果 239份市售水产品中,副溶血性弧菌检出率为51.46％,创伤弧菌检出率为0.84％,O1群和O139群霍乱弧菌未检出.副溶血性弧菌血清型以O1、O2、O4和O5为主,分别占13.01％、26.02％、17.07％和17.07％,所有菌株均携带tlh基因,未携带tdh、trh基因,均为非毒力株,氨苄西林耐药率为69.57％;2株创伤弧菌均携带vvhA毒力基因,且对头孢西丁耐药.结论 平湖市市售水产品中的致病性弧菌以副溶血性弧菌为主,均为非毒力株,不具有致病力.

目的 通过对149例新发现HIV/AID患者首次CD4+和CD8+T淋巴细胞(简称CD4和CD8细胞)检测结果分析,了解其免疫状况及疾病进展情况,为制定疾病防控政策和临床医生诊疗提供科学依据.方法 从艾滋病综合防治数据信息管理系统以现住址为检索条件调取2014年-2018年平湖市新发现HIV/AIDS患者相关资料、CD4和CD8细胞检测结果进行统计分析.结果 149例新发现的HIV/AIDS患者中,男性占75.84％ (113/149),女性占24.16％(36/149).首次CD4细胞计数均值为(298.83±191.94)个/μl,其中≤200个/μl的48例(32.21％),201个/μl～350个/μl的51例(34.23％),351个/μl～500个/μl的29例(19.46％),＞500个/μl的21例(14.09％).CD4/CD8比值平均为0.29±0.22,CD4/CD8比值＞1的仅2例,CD4/CD8比值≤0.5的占85.91％(128/149).不同年龄组和不同户籍患者的CD4细胞检测结果差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 平湖市HIV/AIDS患者晚发现情况严重,应加强艾滋病防治知识宣传,扩大检测覆盖面,做好VCT门诊建设,更大限度地早发现、早治疗HIV感染者.

The as-deposited and solution-treated Inconel 718 superalloy samples arc fabricated by laser solid forming, and the influences of aging temperature and aging time on the size, morphology, and volume fraction of 6 phases arc investigated. The results show that as for the aging treatment of as-deposited samples, the 6 phases precipitate around the interdendritic Laves phases with a short needle pattern, and there arc no delta phases throughout grains with a long needle pattern. In contrast, as for a long time delta aging treatment of solution-treated samples, there occur delta phases throughout grains with a long needle pattern at 890 degrees C., while for the aging treatment at 950 degrees C., only the short-bar-like delta phases precipitate at grain boundaries. In addition, the incubation time of delta phase precipitation elongates, while the volume fraction of delta phases formed after aging treatment decreases. The apparent activation energies of delta phase precipitation for the as-deposited and solution-treated samples arc 1917 kJ"moL(-1) and 1867 kJ.mol(-1), respectively.

ABSTRACT We propose the use of a varied-line-spacing (VLS) holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) Bragg grating as a switchable image splitter to generate a compatible three-dimensional (3D) stereogram and to increase the viewing angle of the observer. To fabricate the VLS grating, a cylindrical lens is adopted to form a cylindrical wave, which interferes with a plane wave, generating an H-PDLC grating with a continuously varying period. The proposed holographic optical element (HOE)-based image splitter comprises two VLS H-PDLC gratings. It can be attached on a designed pattern, with two rectangles taking the place of conventional liquid crystal display panel pixels, and can separate them into right and left viewing fields with a wider range. Experimental results show that the movement of the eyes of the observer can reach 37.6 mm. A theoretical simulation indicates that a shorter focal length of the cylindrical lens can yield a larger movement range. Switching between two-dimensional and 3D modes can be performed by applying an external alternating-current voltage at ~80 V. The contrast ratio of the diffracted images induced by crosstalk is greater than 60%, which indicates the feasibility of the proposed HOE for 3D image splitting. Graphical Abstract

Multi-wavelength sensitive holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) grating and its application within image splitter for autostereoscopic display are reported in this paper. Two initiator systems consisting of photoinitiator, Methylene Blue and coinitiator, p-toluenesulfonic acid as well as photoinitiator, Rose Bengal and coinitiator, Nphenylglycine are employed. We demonstrate that Bragg gratings can be formed in this syrup polymerized under three lasers simultaneously including 632.8nm from He-Ne laser, 532nm from Verdi solid state laser, and 441.6nm from He- Cd laser. The diffraction efficiency of three kinds of gratings with different exposure wavelength are 57%, 75% and 33%, respectively. The threshold driving voltages of those gratings are 2.8, 3.05, and 2.85 V/μm, respectively. We also present the results for the feasibility of this proposed H-PDLC grating applied into image splitter without color dispersion for autostereoscopic display according to experimental splitting effect.

针对常用光功率计通道单一、测量过程复杂以及自动化程度较低等缺陷,设计了一种基于实时光栅衍射效率测量的双路光功率自动采集器.基于普通光功率计的理论和实际设计方法,提出设计方案.设计硬件方面包括前置放大电路、电源升压电路、A/D转换电路、单片机控制电路以及串口通信电路的设计.在软件方面完成了A/D转换控制程序以及数据传输、计算与存储程序的设计.设计采用633 nm作为测量的标准激光波长,测量功率范围在0.01～10 mW,设计完成后,光栅衍射效率测量精度保证在±4.5％.

结核病是由结核分枝杆菌（ MTB）感染引起的慢性传染病，对疑似结核病人进行痰抗酸杆菌涂片染色镜检及分枝杆菌培养，直接找到病原菌，对诊断结核病具有重要意义。但上述两种方法也有其局限性：涂片镜检法总的敏感性为22％～80％［1］，并且无法在镜下区分与MTB形态、染色相同的非结核分枝杆菌（ NTM ），而NTM 与MTB一样严重威胁人类健康［2-3］。分枝杆菌培养法是临床诊断结核病的“金标准”，但该方法灵敏度也不够高，阳性率约为40％～60％［4］，并且该法检测周期长，从培养至菌种鉴定一般需要8周甚至更长，且对早期结核菌感染者、药物治疗后细胞壁缺损L型细菌难以检出。为此，找到一种适合基层医疗单位应用，并能快速、灵敏诊断结核病，有效区分MTB与NTM的实验室诊断方法，在临床上有重要应用价值。荧光定量聚合酶链反应（ FQ-PCR）是一种在聚合酶链反应（ PCR ）体系中引入荧光基团，利用荧光信号实时监测整个PCR扩增进程的方法，可对标本中起始 DNA 模板进行定量，提高检测灵敏度，同时省去了电泳步骤，减少污染机会，特异性更好。 FQ-PCR结果以循环阈值（ Ct值）表示， Ct值越小，说明起始模板核酸浓度越高。本研究试图应用FQ-PCR法检测痰标本中MTB，以为临床提供一种快速、灵敏、特异的结核病辅助诊断方法。

A varied-line-spacing switchable holographic grating is demonstrated through a changeable interference pattern recorded in polymer-dispersed liquid crystal. The pattern is generated by the interference between one plane wave and another cylindrical wave. The line spacing and the period of grating can be controlled by varying the distance between the cylindrical lens and the grating sample and by changing the exposure angle between the two beams. Experimental period measurements and calculations show good agreement with the theoretical results. High diffraction efficiency of more than 80% for the middle period of the grating has been achieved under appropriate exposure time of 120 s and intensity of 19.1  mW/cm2. In addition, the diffraction can be switched on and off by virtue of the external driving voltage of approximately 120 V. The grating also possesses a fast response with a rise time of 300 μs and a fall time of 750 μs. This grating, which can change the period in the grating structure to allow switchable diffraction of transmitted light, shows great potential application for diffractive optics.

Fabrication and characteristic research of electrically controlled holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) gratings which are simultaneously sensitive to red,green and blue laser beams are reported.Two different systems with photoinitiator and coinitiator,rose Bengal and N-phenylglycine,methylene blue and ptoluenesulfonic acid,as well as silver nanoparticles are employed in pre-polymer and liquid crystal mixture to record volume gratings formed under three laser beams (632.8,532,441.6 nm).The diffraction efficiency and electro-optical characteristics of the gratings are experimentally measured and studied.In addition,diffraction of the three primary colors is used to display image to demonstrate the image splitter function of left and right eyes for autostereoscopic display.The experimental results show that the tri-color excited gratings have high diffraction efficiency and good electro-optical characteristics under red,green and blue laser beams,and they have potential application prospect in autostereoscopic display and some other related fields.

A tri-color composite volume holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) grating and its application to 3-dimensional (3D) color autostereoscopic display are reported in this paper. The composite volume H-PDLC grating consists of three different period volume H-PDLC sub-gratings. The longer period diffracts red light, the medium period diffracts the green light, and the shorter period diffracts the blue light. To record three different period gratings simultaneously, two photoinitiators are employed. The first initiator consists of methylene blue and p-toluenesulfonic acid and the second initiator is composed of Rose Bengal and N-phenyglycine. In this case, the holographic recording medium is sensitive to entire visible wavelengths, including red, green, and blue so that the tri-color composite grating can be written simultaneously by harnessing three different color laser beams. In the experiment, the red beam comes from a He-Ne laser with an output wavelength of 632.8 nm, the green beam comes from a Verdi solid state laser with an output wavelength of 532 nm, and the blue beam comes from a He-Cd laser with an output wavelength of 441.6 nm. The experimental results show that diffraction efficiencies corresponding to red, green, and blue colors are 57%, 75% and 33%, respectively. Although this diffraction efficiency is not perfect, it is high enough to demonstrate the effect of 3D color autostereoscopic display.

<正>为了解平湖市农村居民土源性寄生虫感染情况,掌握土源性寄生虫病在平湖市的流行态势,于2011年10月开展了土源性寄生虫病现况调查工作,现将调查结果报告如下。对象与方法1对象抽取平湖市新仓镇红光村、曹桥街道严

<正>为了解平湖市乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB)免疫的儿童中,高危儿童乙肝病毒表面抗原[Hepatitis B Virus(HBV)Surface Antigen,HBsAg]携带现况,选择最易引起HBV感染的HBsAg阳性母亲的儿童作为观察对象,进行了血清学检测,并对检测结果为HBsAg阳性儿童,开展流行病学调查,探索感染途径,现将结果报告如下。

乙型肝炎的主要传播途径为经血液和血制品传播,生活密切接触传播及母婴传播.而接种乙肝疫苗则是预防乙肝病毒(HBV)感染最有效、最简便的方法.为了解浙江省平湖市免疫儿童中HBsAg携带现况及抗-HBs水平,本研究选择最易引起HBV感染的HBsAg阳性母亲所生的儿童作为观察对象,进行血清学检测,并对检测结果为HBsAg阳性儿童,进行流行病学调查.

目的探索乙肝疫苗初次全程免疫失败婴儿的再免疫方法.方法对乙肝疫苗全程免疫后乙肝病毒表面抗体(抗-HBs)和乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)均阴性的144名婴儿,随机分成5组,1组为对照组,其余4组分别采用不同的再免疫方法,观察再免成功率.结果抗-HBs总阳转率为93.79%,抗-HBs几何平均滴度(GMT)为546.97mIU/ml,各组抗-HBs阳转率分别为87.88%、90.91%、100%、96.88%;各组GMT分别为475.34mIU/ml、658.65mIU/ml、625.18mIU/ml、455.90mIU/ml.结论乙肝疫苗初免失败婴儿,再免成功率达93.79%.

This study was trying to find out a reimmunization method to neonates who were poorly responsive to the full course HB vaccination.In Oct.2000～Nov.2002,171 infants who were both anti-HBs and HBsAg negative after full course immunization with recombinant yeast-derived hepatitis B(HB) vaccine(10ug×3)were selected,and were divided into six groups randomly.Except one group was set up as blank control,the other five groups were arranged to accept different immunization methods with 0,1,2 month schedule:Group A-simply revaccinated with rHB vaccine(10ug)3 times; Group B-revaccinated with double dosage of rHB vaccine (20μg) 3 times; Group C-revaccinated with rHB vaccine 3 times(0.15ml/time)by the route of intradermal injection instead of muscular injection;Group D-treated as Group A,but the immune regulatory agent was jointly used;Group E-revaccinated 3 times with genetically engineered CHO HB vaccine instead of rHB vaccine;Group F-blank control.The results showed that the total serocanversion rate of anti-HBs was 89.04%,the GMT was 590.38mIU/ml.The positive seroconversion rates of anti-HBs of Group A,B,C,D and E were 87.50%,90.91%,60.00%,100.00% and 96.77%,the GMTs for each group were 604.82mIU/ml,770.46mIU/ml,372.45mIU/ml,615.70mIU/ml and 508.66mIU/ml respectively.The anti-HBs seroconversion rates followed 1 st ,2 nd ,and 3 rd rHB vaccination were 59.79%,84.71%,89.04%,the GMTs were 122.71mIU/ml,354.70mIU/ml,and 590.38mIU/ml respectively.It definitely proved that revaccination of rHB vaccine to non-responsive infants was effective. Comparatively speaking, changing another kind of HB vaccine or joint use of immune regulatory agent is more satisfactory.2-3 times revaccination is more suitable,the immunization schedule would be0,1,2 months.