ObjectiveCognitive impairment represents a notable feature of depressive disorders. Comprehending its characteristics and influencing factors is vital for patient rehabilitation.MethodsThis study is based on the 2015 Shandong Province epidemiological survey of mental disorders, from which 871 individuals meeting DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders were selected as the research group. Using 1:1:1 matching by sex, age, and residence, we randomly selected 825 individuals with no DSM-IV diagnosis but positive on GHQ-12 and additional risk assessments as the elevated risk control group, and 825 with negative screenings as the minimal risk control group. In 2020, a follow-up survey was conducted, resulting in a final analysis of 1,855 cases. The survey included demographic data, various clinical information, and a series of screening and questionnaire assessments.ResultsThe current depressive group scored lower on the MoCA than the non-depressive group (t=8.86, P<0.01). The research group scored lower on the MoCA than the elevated and minimal risk group (F=11.98, P<0.01). The depression-unremitted group scored lower than the depression-remitted group (t=6.44, P<0.01). The Analysis indicated that males, with better life quality, poor early psychological status and, and longer education were associated with higher MoCA scores. Conversely, older age, rural residency, employment, current depression, and poor marital were associated with lower MoCA scores.ConclusionIndividuals with depression commonly suffer cognitive impairment, which tends to partially improve as depression remits. Individual cognitive function is influenced by early psychological health, depressive status, quality of life, age, sex, educational level, residence, occupational, and marital status.

Background: This study extends from the 2015 Shandong Province Epidemiological Survey of Mental Disorders in adults aged 18 and above. Over five years, it investigates pain characteristics and influencing factors in individuals with depressive disorders in Shandong Province. Methods: The study encompasses 871 individuals who met DSM-IV criteria for depressive disorders in 2015. Using 1:1:1 matching by gender, age, and residence, 825 non -afflicted individuals were selected as high -risk controls, and 825 screening -negative individuals became low -risk controls. A follow-up study in 2020 involved 1848 participants. Survey tools included a general information questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire -12 (GHQ -12), SCID-I/P, Global Pain Scale (GPS), Quality of Life Questionnaire (QLQ), PSQI, MoCA, and clinical data questionnaire. Results: GPS scores in the current depressive group were higher than in non -current depressive group ( Z = 14.36 , P < 0.01). GPS scores in study group exceeded those in high -risk and low -risk control groups ( H = 93.71 , P < 0.01). GPS scores in non -remission group were higher than in the remission group ( Z = 8.90 , P < 0.01). Regression analysis revealed positive correlations between GPS scores and physical illnesses, current depression, incumbency, GHQ -12 total score, and PSQI total score. Negative correlations were observed with QLQ total score and MoCA total score. Limitations: The study could not assess pain during the 2015 survey, limiting controlled pain analysis before and after five years. Conclusion: Depression sufferers may experience prolonged heightened pain, potentially relieved when depression subsides. Individual pain is influenced by depression, physical illnesses, sleep quality, quality of life, cognitive function, gender, residence, and occupation.

Objective:This study aims to investigate the prevalence and distribution characteristics of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province.Methods:In 2015, an epidemiological survey was carried out to investigate the patterns of mental disorders in 49 counties of Shandong Province. A total of 28 000 individuals aged 18 years or older were selected using the multistage stratified cluster sampling method. All these participants were classified as at a high or low risk of mental disorders according to the assessment results of the revised version of the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). The diagnosis of mental disorders was confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Forth edition (DSM-Ⅳ) axis I or MMSE. All participants at high risk of mental disorders were evaluated using DSM-Ⅳ or MMSE to confirm the psychiatric diagnoses, while 10% of participants at low risk of mental disorders were randomly selected to be evaluated. The prevalence and its 95% confidence interval of mental disorders were adjusted according to study design and sociodemographic characteristics of the sample. The between-group differences of prevalence were compared using chi-square tests or Fisher′s exact tests as appropriately.Results:A total of 27 489 individuals completed survey. The adjusted prevalence of any mental disorder was 17.46% (95 %CI 17.02%-17.89%). The five most prevalent mental disorder spectrums were substance use disorders (5.29%), mood disorders (4.47%), anxiety disorders (4.46%), intellectual and mental disorders due to physical or substance (1.91%), and psychotic disorders (1.12%). The most common mental disorders were alcohol use disorder (5.27%) and major depressive disorder (2.14%). The prevalence of mental disorders in men was higher than that in women (23.37% vs. 13.89%; χ 2=408.91, P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of mental disorders between rural residents and urban residents (17.69% vs. 17.20%; χ2=1.05, P=0.305). Of participants with mental disorders, 26.12% (1 047/4 008) had moderate to severe functional impairment and 10.98% (428/3 898) have sought professional help. Conclusion:The prevalence of mental disorders among people aged 18 and above in Shandong Province is basically consistent with the results of similar domestic studies. The prevalence of mental disorder was higher in men than in women and was not differ in participants living in urban and rural areas. Alcohol use disorder, major depressive disorder, non-specific anxiety disorder and non-specific depressive disorder are most common mental disorders.

目的 研究抑郁障碍患者(包括重性抑郁障碍与心境恶劣障碍两个亚型)睡眠质量的特点及相关影响因素.方法 从2015年山东省18岁及以上人群精神障碍流行病学调查数据库筛查出940例抑郁障碍患者作为抑郁组,其中包括629例重性抑郁障碍患者及311例心境恶劣障碍患者,按同性别、同年龄组(相差±5岁)、同居住区域进行1:1配对,选择940名健康人群作为对照组.使用一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、功能大体评定量表(GAF)和一般资料调查问卷对两组进行信息采集.结果 抑郁组睡眠障碍的检出率为59.68％,对照组检出率为9.79％,两分组间检出率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).抑郁组女性、年龄≥60岁、无业/失业、受教育年限0～6年、患有躯体疾病者的PSQI总分均高于其他分组(P<0.05).在排除年龄等上述因素的影响下,抑郁组PSQI总分高于对照组(P<0.01).不同首发年龄、社会功能损害程度、抑郁类别的抑郁障碍患者,PSQI总分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).对PSQI总分与患者首发年龄、GAF总分行进一步相关分析显示:PSQI总分与首发年龄呈正相关(P<0.01),与GAF总分呈负相关(P<0.01).结论 抑郁障碍患者睡眠障碍检出率高于健康人群,且重性抑郁障碍患者睡眠质量比心境恶劣障碍患者更差.女性、年龄≥60岁、无业/失业、受教育年限0～6年、患有躯体疾病均为抑郁障碍患者睡眠质量的独立危险因素.首发年龄>60岁、重性抑郁障碍与社会功能损害严重为抑郁障碍患者睡眠质量的危险因素.

Objective: Children of parents with mental illness (COPMI) are vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the psychosocial impacts of the pandemic and identify potential factors influencing their mental health. Method: 665 COPMI from six sites including Wuhan in China were enrolled. COPMI's mental health and the impacts of COVID-19 were assessed by an online survey. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the association between impact factors and participants' mental health. Results: 16.1 % of participants were in abnormal range of mental health, with interpersonal relationship being the most common problem. 48.6 % of participants reported quite worried about the epidemic. All aspects of adverse effects of COVID-19 were more prevalent among COPMI in Wuhan than in other sites. Concerns about COVID-19 (OR = 1.7, p = 0.02), decreased family income (OR = 2.0, p = 0.02), being physically abused (OR = 2.1, p = 0.04), witnessing family members being physically abused (OR = 2.0, p = 0.03), and needs for promoting family members' mental health (OR = 2.2, p < 0.01) were independent risk factors for participants' mental health. Conclusion: The findings raise our awareness of the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on the wellbeing of COPMI. Multifaceted psychosocial support for COPMI is urgently needed to support them live through the pandemic.

目的:探讨精神分裂症患者社区康复中主动式社区干预对阳性、阴性量表总分与症状的影响.方法:选取2017年1-12月在本院进行精神分裂症康复治疗的84例患者为研究对象,将其随机分为研究组与对照组,每组42例.对照组采用常规干预,研究组采用主动式的社区干预.比较两组干预前后的PANSS评分、ADL评分、SDSS评分以及两组干预后病情恶化率以及复发率.结果:干预后,两组阳性症状评分、阴性症状评分、精神病理评分以及总分均低于干预前,且研究组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).干预后,研究组ADL、SDSS评分均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).研究组恶化率以及复发率均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:对精神分裂症患者在进行社区康复过程中采用主动式社区干预的方式,能够促使患者的阳性、阴性量表总分显著降低,改善患者的临床症状,进而促进其社会功能水平的提升,利于临床应用及推广.

目的 研究山东省6～11岁儿童行为问题现状及其与家庭成员应对方式之间的关系.方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,抽取山东省16地市2386名6～11岁儿童及其家庭成员,采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)评估儿童行为问题;简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)评估家庭成员应对方式.结果 2386名儿童中有225例存在行为问题,检出率为9.4％,其中,1171名女童及1215名男童行为问题检出例数分别为103例(8.8％)和122例(10.0％).各年龄段检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).6～11岁女童不同年龄CBCL抑郁因子、残忍因子、攻击性因子、性问题因子分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),不同年龄男童多动因子、攻击性因子分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).儿童父亲、母亲、(外)祖父母、其他家庭成员的SCSQ积极应对、消极应对两个维度和积极问题关注、消极情绪关注、消极问题关注三个因子分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).除CBCL残忍因子外,6～11岁男童及女童CBCL各个因子分与家庭成员应对方式均存在相关性(P<0.05);男童的CBCL交往不良因子与SCSQ母亲的积极情绪关注因子呈正相关(P<0.05),抑郁与母亲的消极情绪关注因子呈正相关(P<0.05),抑郁、强迫、社交退缩、多动、攻击性和违纪因子与母亲的消极问题关注因子均呈正相关(P<0.05);抑郁、交往不良、强迫因子与母亲的消极应对维度均呈正相关(P<0.05);分裂样、交往不良和攻击性因子与父亲的积极情绪关注因子均呈正相关(P<0.05),交往不良、攻击性因子与父亲的消极问题关注呈正相关(P<0.05).女童CBCL躯体诉述、分裂强迫、攻击性因子与SCSQ母亲的积极应对维度和积极问题关注因子均呈正相关(P<0.05);躯体诉述、分裂强迫、攻击性、抑郁因子与母亲消极应对维度及消极情绪关注均呈正相关(P<0.05);多动因子与母亲消极应对维度呈正相关(P<0.05);违纪因子与母亲积极情绪关注呈正相关(P<0.05);多动、违纪、攻击性、抑郁因子与母亲消极问题关注因子均呈正相关(P<0.05);违纪因子与母亲心理疏导因子呈正相关(P<0.05).躯体诉述、分裂强迫、违纪因子与父亲的消极应对维度均呈正相关(P<0.05);社交退缩、躯体诉述、分裂强迫,多动、违纪和攻击性因子与父亲消极问题关注因子均呈正相关(P<0.05);残忍因子与父亲积极情绪关注因子呈负相关(P<0.05).结论 儿童行为问题与父母应对方式存在相关性.过于积极和过于消极的应对方式对儿童成长均不利.

目的 了解山东省12～16岁青少年行为问题现状及其对社会能力的影响.方法 采用多阶段分层整群系统随机抽样方法,抽取山东省16地市12～16岁青少年1 917名,选用Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)进行入户调查.结果 山东省16地市12～16岁青少年行为问题总检出率为14.97％,男生检出率(12.37％)低于女生(18.29％)(P＜0.001).有行为问题的青少年,其活动能力、社交能力以及学习能力得分均低于没有行为问题的青少年(P＜0.001).结论 山东省青少年行为问题的检出率较高,且行为问题对青少年社会能力造成明显影响.

目的:探讨西酞普兰在精神分裂症后抑郁患者中的临床效果及对患者生活质量的影响.方法:选取2017年8月-2018年6月本院收治的精神分裂症后抑郁患者82例.按照随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各41例.两组均给予常规方法治疗,对照组采用奥氮平治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合西酞普兰治疗,治疗3个月后,比较两组心理状态(HAMD量表)、精神分裂症症状(PANSS量表)、生活质量(QOL量表)、用药安全性.结果:治疗后,观察组HAMD、一般症状、阳性症状及阴性症状评分均低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗后,观察组生理功能、生理智能、躯体疼痛、总体健康、活力、社会功能、情感智能及精神健康评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);两组治疗期间口干、头晕、恶心、便秘、嗜睡及肝肾功能异常发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:西酞普兰用于精神分裂症后抑郁患者中有助于改善患者症状,能提高患者生活质量,药物安全性较高,值得推广应用.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of behavioral problems and explore their relevant factors in children aged 6 ～ 11 years in Shandong province. Methods A total of 2 635 children aged 6 ～ 11 years from 16 cities of Shandong province were investigated by multi-stage stratified random sampling and assessed with Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) . Results The prevalence of behavior problems was 11. 1％ in children,and there was no statistically significant difference between 10. 8％ in boys and 11. 8％ in girls (P > 0. 05) . However,the differences of behavior problem prevalences among ages were significant (P < 0. 05) . Logistic regression revealed that father's hobby,family income,father's health,number of friends and quality of companion relationship might contribute to the behavior problems in children (P < 0. 05) . Conclusion The prevalence of behavioral problems in children is at a high level,which may be correlated with many factors with family factors as an important one.

Objective To investigate the current situation of network use and network dependence in middle school students in Zaozhuang city.Methods Students in 15 classes in urban high middle school,10 classes in urban junior middle school and 10 classes in rural high middle school were recruited into the study by using stratified cluster sampling.All subjects were assessed with network-dependence screening form and self-designed network use questionnaire.The informations were compared between subjects with network dependence (study group)and subjects without network dependence (control group).Results Rate of network use was 95.5% and rate of network dependence was 4.82% in middle school students.There were significant differences between study group and control group in 26 factors,such as gender,grade,urban/rural,family parenting style,family harmony,personality,relationship with classmates,relationship with teachers,psychological help seeking,age of onset,duration of network use,online purpose,online interest,school management,learning atmosphere and so on (P <0.05).Conclusion Gender,grade and urban-rural living are main influencing factors of network dependence.Network dependence is a result of comprehensive effects of personality characteristics,family,school and social factors.

目的 探讨喹硫平与丙戊酸钠治疗双相情感障碍抑郁发作的临床疗效和安全性,以及对患者生活质量的影响.方法 将68例双相情感障碍抑郁发作患者随机分为两组,每组34例,研究组口服喹硫平治疗,对照组口服丙戊酸钠治疗,观察8周.于治疗前及治疗第1周、2周、4周、6周、8周末采用汉密顿抑郁量表评定临床疗效,治疗8周末采用生活质量问卷评定生活质量,副反应量表评定不良反应.结果 治疗各时段两组汉密顿抑郁量表评分均较治疗前显著下降,研究组治疗第1周、2周、4周、6周末较对照组下降更显著(P＜0.05或0.01);治疗8周末,研究组显效率为87.5%,对照组为66.7%,研究组显著高于对照组(χ2=3.97,P＜0.05);治疗8周末研究组生活质量问卷除物质生活维度分无显著变化外(P＞0.05),总分及其他维度分均显著高于治疗前(P＜0.01),且显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).两组不良反应发生率较低,且程度较轻微,研究组发生率为36.82%,对照组为33.66%,两组差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论 喹硫平治疗双相情感障碍抑郁发作效果显著,起效快,安全性高,依从性好,能显著提高患者的生活质量,显著优于丙戊酸钠治疗.

目的评价喹硫平治疗双相抑郁的疗效和安全性。方法对双相抑郁采用随机分组、对照的方法,分别以喹硫平、碳酸锂治疗,疗程8周,以HAMD、CGI、TESS在治疗前和治疗后第1、2、4、6、8周末评价疗效和安全性,在第1、2、4、6、8周末及需要时用BRMS评定躁狂症状。结果(1)喹硫平和碳酸锂相比较,两组有效率分别为62.5%和58.3%,治疗第6、8周末HAMD总分和减分率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)治疗组不良反应发生率比对照组少(P<0.05)。结论喹硫平单药使用可有效治疗双相抑郁,减少诱发躁狂的风险。

目的了解精神分裂症治疗指南出台后,我院住院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药物应用的演变情况。方法采取整群入组法,调查我院2008年住院精神分裂症患者抗精神病药物的使用情况,并与精神分裂症治疗指南出台前的2003年比较。结果抗精神病药物的使用频度发生了显著变化,新型抗精神病药物的使用增多,临床药物治疗以单一用药为主。结论治疗指南的出台,对临床用药起到了规范作用,抗精神病药的选择受多种因素的影响。

Objective To explore the effects of synthetical intervention on family environment and emotion express in schizophrenia family and its relation with the efficacy of antipsychotic treatment. Methods In this 3-year follow-up study, 300 schizophrenics with their family receiving chlorpromazine equivalent daily dose of 300 mg were involved in the study, and were randomly divided into intervention group and control group. The intervention group was additionally combined with bio-psycho-social intervention. All subjects were evaluated using the Family Environment Scale ( FES) , affect express scale every 6 months. Results Intervention group showed significantly better family environment, and had less family burden, poorer emotion express of the main guardian than control group. The illness severity of patients was positively correlated to the FES factor of emotion express, affect express scale factors of affect excessive participation and hostile, and was negatively correlated to Family Environment Scale factors of organization and moral religion. Conclusion The synthetical bio-psycho-social intervention can effectively improve family environment, decrease emotion express of the guardian, reduce illness severity in rural schizophrenia.