玉米(Zea mays L.)新品种郧单22是由自交系WD04与N75杂交组配育成的新品种,2020年通过审定,审定编号:鄂审玉20200009.大田生产表现出丰产、高产、稳产、抗逆抗病性强,是一个综合农艺性状好、高产优质、综合抗性强的玉米新品种.从选育目标及思路、选育经过、特征特性、栽培技术等方面进行阐述,加快其推广应用.

为加强地方种质资源保护与利用工作,筛选出口感优质、产量优秀的地方品种,做好农产品地理标志保护认证工作,十堰市农业科学院开发中心会同十堰市蔬菜种子服务中心、十堰市蔬菜产业发展中心、十堰市蔬菜科学研究所技术专家深入茅箭区大川镇、丹江口市盐池河镇、郧西县安家镇,搜集二高山冷豆种子,采集到地方优质种子4份,并开展了玉米套种冷豆绿色优质高产高效模式试验.本试验将禾本科作物玉米和豆科作物冷豆高矮搭配,利用豆科作物的固氮作用培肥地力,将高秆作物玉米作为冷豆支架,降低成本,同时利用玉米遮挡冷豆不需要的强光照,利用生物多样性防治病虫害,达到省工、省时、绿色、优质、高产、高效的目的,为山区农民致富提供技术支撑.

为了筛选出适合在秦巴山区推广种植的优质、高产、高抗玉米新品种,特联合十堰市农业科学院引进6个即将通过审定的玉米新品系进行了生产试验,结果表明华龙玉1188、东单90、MG-H6综合表现较好,建议在十堰地区推广种植;成单607、TL520综合表现较差,不建议在十堰地区推广种植.

从种植业结构调整、畜牧业发展、环境污染治理等方面阐述了十堰市发展青贮玉米产业的意义,介绍了十堰市畜牧业发展现状.从生产布局、发展模式、种植方式、科研进展等方面介绍了十堰市青贮玉米生产现状.指出品种选择不科学、栽培技术不规范、机械化水平低、储藏加工技术落后等问题.提出加大宣传培训、加强科研攻关、提高机械化水平、科学选择品种、规范栽培技术、科学布局、优化耕作模式、加大政策扶持力度、推进全产业链发展等产业发展对策,推动十堰市青贮玉米产业高质量发展.

郧单23是十堰市农业科学院和华中农业大学以自交系YML116为母本、DSQ4为父本组配选育的玉米新品种,2020年通过湖北省审定.该品种丰产性高、稳产性好、品质优、抗逆性强.在2018-2019年湖北省玉米山区组区域试验中,2年平均产量为11334.30 kg/hm2,比对照华玉11增产4.91％.笔者介绍了该品种的选育过程、特征特性、产量表现及主要栽培技术要点,为该品种进一步大面积推广应用提供理论依据.

采用播种期和品种双因素随机区组设计,比较不同播种期各品种的生育期、主要农艺性状、生物产量、干物质产量等,探索青贮玉米的适宜播种期及在十堰市春、秋2季的高产栽培模式.结果表明:雅玉青贮8号春播和秋播的生物产量都显著高于豫青贮23和郑青贮1号;雅玉青贮8号在十堰市春、秋2季种植适宜的播种期为春播在4月上旬、秋播在7月中旬;春、秋2季种植模式可生产青贮玉米鲜饲料122158.3 kg/hm2.

研究旨在展示湖北省青贮玉米品种培育成果,筛选出适宜在十堰市种植的优良青贮玉米品种.选取华中农业大学自育青贮玉米品种华青贮1号、华青贮2号、华青贮3号、华青贮4号等7个品种,以雅玉青贮8号为对照,进行青贮玉米品种展示及筛选试验研究,对各品种的物候期、农艺性状、抗逆性、生物产量、干物质产量等方面进行比较分析.结果显示,华青贮1号、华青贮2号、华青贮3号、华玉17、HZ2003等5个品种的植株高大、持绿性好、抗逆性强,生物产量显著高于对照品种雅玉青贮8号.研究表明,华青贮1号、华青贮2号、华青贮3号、华玉17、HZ2003等品种适宜十堰地区生产上作为青贮玉米种植.

为促进十堰市种植业结构调整,带动畜牧养殖业发展,筛选出适宜十堰地区种植的青贮玉米品种,引进郑青贮1号、豫青贮23和雅玉青贮8号3个青贮玉米品种,选取湖北省自育国审青贮玉米品种华玉11以及湖北省生产上种植面积较大的7个籽粒玉米品种进行青贮玉米品种筛选试验.以雅玉青贮8号为对照,对各品种的物候期、农艺性状、抗逆性、生物产量、干物质产量等方面进行比较分析.结果表明华玉11、华玉12、金玉669持绿性好,抗逆性好,生物产量显著高于对照品种雅玉青贮8号,适宜十堰地区作青贮玉米种植.

玉米(Zea mays L.)新品种郧单22是十堰市农业科学院2020年育成的,组合为WD04×N75.两年区域试验平均产量为9670.72 kg/hm2,比对照宜单629增产4.51％,生育期110.7 d,株型半紧凑,抗逆、抗病性强,综合农艺性状好,适宜在湖北省丘陵平原地区作春玉米种植.总结概括了郧单22的选育过程、高产栽培技术、高产制种技术,助力该品种的示范推广.

2019年在兴山县进行玉米新品种郧单23不同施氮水平对比试验研究,探索其需肥规律.结果 表明,其最佳追肥模式为在施足基肥的情况下,施用450 kg/hm2的尿素作追肥,且苗肥与穗肥比例为1:2时,产量最高,为12891.74 kg/hm2,综合效益最佳.

以玉米新品种郧单22为试验材料,研究肥料和密度对其主要农艺性状和产量的影响.结果表明,肥料和密度对郧单22的农艺性状和产量影响显著.在4个施肥水平中,复合肥750 kg/hm2、尿素450 kg/hm2水平处理的穗长、穗行、出籽率、千粒重、产量均达到最大值.密度对穗长、穗粗、穗行、行粒数、千粒重及产量均有显著影响,穗长、穗粗、行粒数、千粒重整体上均随着密度的增高而降低,产量却随着密度的增高而逐渐增加,当密度为60000株/hm2时产量最高.不同种植密度、施肥量及二者之间的互作效应,导致产量存在显著差异.产量随着种植密度和施肥量的增加而增加,但是当密度和施肥量太高时,产量出现降低.农艺性状变化规律与产量变化有密切关系.综合考虑肥料和密度因子,最佳处理组合为复合肥750 kg/hm2、尿素450 kg/hm2,密度为60000株/hm2.

春玉米绿色高产高效栽培技术,对稳定十堰市粮食安全生产有着重要的意义.文章从整地、品种选择、合理施肥、适宜播期及播种密度、播种技术、田间管理、收获与贮藏7个方面对玉米高产高效栽培进行总结,为促进春玉米绿色高产高效栽培技术生产提供技术支撑,以供参考.

郧单21是用自交系WD03作母本、自交系N75作父本组配的普通玉米杂交种.2020年通过湖北省品种审定委员会审定,品种审定编号鄂审玉20200008.在2018—2019年湖北省区域试验中,2年平均产量9680.1 kg/hm2,比对照(宜单629)增产4.89％.介绍了郧单21的选育进程、综合特性、栽培技术、制种技术等.

以玉米新品种郧单21为试验材料,采用二因素随机区组设计,主区为肥料因素(A),副区为种植密度(B),各设4个水平,研究肥料和密度对其主要农艺性状和产量的影响.结果表明,肥料和密度对郧单21的农艺性状和产量影响显著.在4个施肥水平中,A3水平(复合肥750 kg/hm2、尿素450 kg/hm2)在穗长、穗行、出籽率、千粒重、产量等方面均达到最大值.密度对穗长、穗粗、穗行、行粒数、千粒重及产量均有显著影响,穗长、穗粗、穗行、行粒数、千粒重整体上均随密度的增高而降低,产量却随密度的增高而逐渐增加,当密度为B3水平(6.0万株/hm2)时产量最高.不同种植密度、施肥量及两者之间的互作效应,导致产量存在显著差异.产量随种植密度和施肥量的增加而增加,但当密度和施肥量太高时,产量出现降低.综合考虑肥料和种植密度因子,最佳处理组合为A3 B3,即施肥量为复合肥750 kg/hm2、尿素450 kg/hm2,密度为6.0万株/hm2.

为促进十堰地区青贮饲料生产发展和服务养殖产业,通过引进青贮玉米品种雅玉青贮8号,从种植密度和追肥量2个方面研究其高产栽培技术.试验结果表明,雅玉青贮8号在十堰市适宜种植密度为67500株/hm2;在施足底肥条件下,追肥量为苗肥150 kg/hm2、穗肥300 kg/hm2时,生物产量最高,为67041.8 kg/hm2.

[Objective] To screen the proper planting density for new maize variety Yundan 20.[Method] The agronomic characters,multiresistance and yield of Yundan 20 were researched under six different planting densities.And the effects of planting density on ear characters were analyzed.[Result] Under the condition of enough base fertilizer and rational topdressing,the proper planting density for Yundan 20 was 52 500 plants/hm2.Thus,the yield was 11 675.55 kg/hm2.[Conclusion] This research provides theoretical basis for the large-scale extension and application of high-yield cultivation techniques of Yundan 20.

郧单19是湖北省十堰市农业科学院玉米育种团队以WD01为母本、WD02为父本,经多年育种实践,用美国玉米带种质×西南山区地方种质导入热带种质选育而成的玉米品种.本文介绍了玉米品种郧单19的主要特征特性,并从种植密度、施肥技术、田间管理和病虫草害综合防治等方面对其高产栽培技术进行了阐述,以促进其大面积推广与利用.

[Objective] The aim was to explore the fertilizer requirement pattern of new maize varieties Yundan 20 and formulate high yield culture system of Yundan 20.[Method] We used the high-yielding maize varieties Yundan 20 as experiment object, designed a double factors completely randomized block test, studied the effect of different base fertilizer and different top application treatment on the agronomic traits and yield of Yundan 20.[Result] The yield of no fertilizer treatment was the lowest;the yield of the treatment with 450-600 kg/hm2 top application was higher, while, the lodging-resistance capability was weak;there was no significant difference between the treatment with 450-600 kg/hm2 top application and 300 kg/hm2 top application;the treatment with 750 kg/hm2 base fertilizer and 300 kg/hm2 top application was the most appropriate fertilizer rate, and its yield was 11 425.50 kg/hm2, furthermore, its disease resistance, lodging resistance and plant agronomic traits were better than others.[Conclusion] The suitable fertilizer rate is 750 kg/hm2 base fertilizer and 300 kg/hm2 top application.

Objective]To explore a suitable fully mechanized integrated production technology for the summer sowing maize in low mountain and hilly region of northwest Hubei Province ,promote the process of mechanization and improve the development of northwest mountain maize .[ Meth-od]We screened summer maize varieties, sowing date and planting density of summer corn from 2012 to 2015.Based on the results, to determine the suitable summer maize varieties and the corresponding cultivation techniques in the northwest mountain mechanized production .At the same time, we conducted the production mechanization development , so as to analyze the feasibility of this technology and its production efficiency . [ Result] Zhengdan 958 was suitable for the summer sowing maize production mechanization in low hilly land of northwest Hubei Province .The best sowing time was before June15.The best planting density was 7.5 ×10 4plants per hectare.[Conclusion]We studied mechanized production technology for summer corn in low mountain and hilly region ,which could alleviate the current rural labor shortages and the aging problem.

Yundan 20 is a high-yield and high-quality hybrid maize variety with multiple resistances , which is bred by Shiyan Academy of Agri-culture Sciences.Its female parent is WD01 bred by Shiyan Academy of Agriculture Sciences and male parent is T259 which is introduced.In 2016, Yundan 20 was approved by the Crop Variety Approval Committee of Hubei Province, with a variety approval number 2016005.The breed-ing process, integral characteristics, cultivation techniques and seed production techniques of Yundan 20 were summarized and analyzed , which aimed to promote the variety and meet market demand .