OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of osthole on isolated thoracic aortic rings, and to determine the potential mechanism of action. METHODS: Thoracic aortas were isolated from Wistar rats, and were suspended in tissue organ chambers for vascular tension measurement. The effect of cumulative osthole (10(-9), 10(-8), 10(-7), 10(-6), and 10(-5) mol/L) on endothelium-intact and endothelium-denuded thoracic aortic rings pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE, 10(-6) mol/L) or KCI (6 x 10(-2) mol/L) was recorded. Histomorphological changes of thoracic aorta were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin. The effects of different osthole concentrations on endothelium-intact aortic rings, which were pre-inhibited with the non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-Arg(NO2)-OMe center dot HCl (3 x 10(-4) mol/L), endothelium-derived nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nw-nitro-L-arginine (3 x 10(-9) mol/L), guanylate cyclase inhibitor 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3-alpha] quinoxaline-1-one (10-i mol/L), cyclooxygenase inhibitor indometacin (10(-5) mol/L), and the Ca2+-activated potassium channel inhibitor tetraethylammonium nitrate (10(-5) mol/L), and then, contracted with PE, were examined. Aortic rings incubated with osthole (10(-5) mol/L), phentolamine (10(-5) mol/L), or verapamil (10(-5) mol/L) in Ca2+-free Krebs-Henseleit solution (KHS) were stimulated with PE or KCI. RESULTS: There was a dose-dependent increase in vasorelaxation of isolated thoracic aortic rings (both with and without endothelium) with increasing osthole concentration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that osthole significantly improved thoracic aorta ring morphology. Compared with the control group, there were also significant differences after incubation with L-Arg(NO2)-OMe center dot HCl, N omega-nitro-L-arginine, and 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4, 3-a] quinoxaline-1-one (P < 0.05 for all). The relaxation rate of the rings in the osthole group incubated with indometacin and tetraethylammonium nitrate were similar to controls. In Ca2-free KHS, the PE-induced contraction was similar between the osthole (4.37% 0.41%) and control (4.21% 1.33%) groups. However, after cumulative CaCl2 (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mmol/L), the Ca2+-induced contraction was significantly inhibited in the osthole and phentolamine groups compared with controls (P < 0.05). After cumulative CaCl2 was added to Ca2+-free KHS (high K+ concentration), the contraction rate was significantly higher than both of the control and the osthole groups (P < 0.05). The contraction rate in the osthole group was higher than the verapamil group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Osthole has a vasorelaxant effect on isolated rat thoracic aortic rings, via inhibition of both receptor-operated and voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in arterial smooth muscle, leading to decreased Ca2+ influx, and via inhibition of nitric oxide release on arterial endothelial cells. (C) 2019 JTCM. All rights reserved.

目的:探究化橘红对特发性肺纤维化(IPF)的作用及机制.方法:将SPF级大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、化橘红组和地塞米松组(Dex组),采用博莱霉素气管滴入方法建立肺纤维化模型,造模后第2天分别给予相应剂量药物灌胃,连续灌胃28d,观察各组肺组织形态、微血管密度(MVD)、肺小动脉管壁厚度、成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)及血小板第四因子(PF4)的表达.结果:模型组出现典型肺间质纤维化病变,化橘红组及Dex组明显轻于模型组(P＜0.01),与模型组相比,化橘红组MVD低于模型组(P＜0.05),且能明显抑制肺小动脉管壁增厚,其bFGF表达显著低于模型组(P＜0.01),能明显促进PF4表达(P＜0.01).结论:化橘红可能通过抑制IPF大鼠bFGF表达和促进PF4表达而抑制血管新生,进而抑制IPF进程.

Objective To observe the effects of Shenqi Xingnao Prescription on learning and memory ability, contents of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) in brain tissue in mice models with scopolamine-induced Alzheimer disease (AD); To investigate its mechanism for prevention and treatment for AD. Methods Totally 110 ICR mice were randomly divided into control group, control+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-dose group,model group,donepezil group,model+Shenqi Xingnao Prescription high-,medium-,and low-dose groups. The control and model group were given distilled water for gavage, and the other groups were given the corresponding medicine for gavage, once a day, for 14 days. On the 15th day, Morris water maze test and object recognition test were used to evaluate the learning and memory ability of each group. The model mice of memory impairment induced by intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine was established 20 minutes before the behavioral test. The expressions of ChAT and AChE in cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot. Results The results of Morris water maze test showed that compared with the control group, the model group had significant longer escape latency(P<0.05);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription medium-and high-dose groups could shorten the escape latency (P<0.05). The results of the object recognition test showed that compared with the control group, the ability of the model group to explore new things decreased and the discrimination index (DI) decreased (P<0.001);Compared with the model group,Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could increase the DI of model mice (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.001). The results of Western blot showed that the expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model group was significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, Shenqi Xingnao Prescription low- and medium-dose groups could decrease the expression of AChE in the cortex in different degrees(P<0.01);Shenqi Xingnao Prescription groups could decreaed the expression of AChE in the hippocampus (P<0.001); There was no significant statistical significance in the expression of ChAT in the cortex and hippocampus in each group.Conclusion Shenqi Xingnao Prescription can significantly improve the learning and memory ability of AD model mice induced by scopolamine, which may be related to the descent expression of AChE protein in the cortex and hippocampus of the model mice.

This paper analyzes the historical literature of Huai Chrysanthemum and its development from ancient times to the present, which is conducive to the establishment of the standard system of chrysanthemum. The " Collective Notes to Canon of Materia Medica"" New Materia Medica" " BencaoTujing" and other ancient books were reviewed, in the Chinese knowledge network and Wanfang and other databases " Chrysanthemum"," history"," standard system" as the key search were inquired for its related literature. Combined with modern literature and clinical practice, we tried to establish Chrysanthemum from the field to the clinical application of a series of standards. The history of origin, cultivation and processing of Huai Chrys-anthemum. It first appeared in the song dynasty, thrived in the Ming dynasty, in combination with the ancient and the contemporary understanding of Huai Chrysanthemum, we tried to establish Huai Chrysanthemum from growing, production to create a set of standard system. The analysis of history, the establishment of Huai Chrysanthemum technology standard system, is conducive to promote the construction of Huai Chrysanthemum internationalization, standardization.

Objective:To investigate the effects of Schisandrol A on isolated thoracic aortic rings in Wistar rats and study the potential mechanism. Methods:Isometric tension recording was applied to evaluate the effect of cumulative Schisandrol A on endothelium-intact/denuded aorta rings under quiescent condition or pre-contracted with phenylephrine ( PE , 1 × 10-6 mol/L ) . The effect of Schisandrol A at the aforementioned doses on endothelium-intact aortic rings,pre-inhibited separately with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester(L-NAME,3×10-4 mol/L),guanylate cyclase inhibitor(ODQ,1×10-5 mol/L), cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin(INDO,1×10-5 mol/L),contracted with PE was also observed. And the effects of PE-induced Ca2+ release and CaCl2-induced Ca2+ influx were observed. Results:Under the condi-tion of no change of resting tension,Schisandrol A had a significant effect on endothelium-intact and en-dothelium-denuded thoracic aortic rings which were pre-contracted with PE and there was statistical signifi-cance between the two groups(P<0.05). Compared with the non-blocking group,there were statistical signifi-cance after incubation with L-NAME(P<0.05) and ODQ(P<0.05). The relaxation rate of the rings incubated with INDO was not statistical significance from that in the non-blocking group(P>0.05). Schisandrol A ob-viously inhibited the contraction induced by CaCl2. Conclusions:Schisandrol A can inhibit the vasoconstric-tion caused by PE in a dose-dependent manner,and it was endothelium-dependent and non-endothelium-de-pendent. The endothelium-dependent mechanism may be related to the NO-cGMP pathway,and the non-en-dothelium-dependent mechanism may be associated with inhibition of receptor-dependent calcium channels on the vascular smooth muscle,which leads to the de-crease of Ca2+ influx.

目的:研究伞形科辛味中药独活、蛇床子的3种主要成分蛇床子素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素对大鼠离体胸主动脉舒张作用,探讨3种成分最佳配伍组合及其作用机制,探索成分组合与药效活性的相关性.方法:采用离体血管环实验,分别测定蛇床子素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素3种成分舒张血管的量效曲线.采用均匀设计法得到3种成分不同组合与血管活性的关系,优化配比得到最优组合(组合药),并进行试验验证.观察组合药对大鼠胸主动脉张力的作用,记录KCl预收缩大鼠离体胸主动脉环的张力变化.采用左旋硝基精氨酸甲酯(L-NAME,3×10-4mol/L)、左旋硝基精氨酸(L-NNA,3×10-4mol/L)、ODQ(1×10-5mol/L)、吲哚美辛(INDO,1×10-5mol/L)、四乙基硝酸铵(TEA,1×10-5mol/L)预孵后,观察组合药对血管张力变化的影响.并观察其对CaCl2引起的外Ca2+内流的影响.结果:蛇床子素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素均对KCl预收缩离体胸主动脉环有舒张作用,并呈剂量依赖性.3种成分的最优组合为蛇床子素14.25μg/mL、欧前胡素148.97μg/mL、异欧前胡素202.12μg/mL.经药效验证,组合药对KCl预收缩血管环具有舒张作用,去除内皮后,该作用显著减弱(P＜0.01).预先用L-NAME、L-NNA、ODQ孵育后,组合药的舒张作用减弱,与未经抑制剂处理的对照组比较有统计学意义(P＜0.05).组合药对CaCl2外Ca2+内流所致最大收缩效应有显著抑制作用(P＜0.01).结论:蛇床子素、欧前胡素、异欧前胡素3种成分对大鼠离体胸主动脉的舒张作用具有协同增效之功,其可能的作用机制主要与抑制血管平滑肌上的Ca2+通道,减少细胞外Ca2+内流及抑制内皮细胞上NO途径有关.

To understand the development process of Dioscoreae Rhizoma in origin,processing and clinical application by sorting out the historical origin in the development of Dioscoreae Rhizoma,and preliminarily discuss the construction of the standard system of Chinese yam (Dioscoreae Rhizoma).During the analytic process,with'Dioscoreae Rhizoma (yam)','historical origin'and'standard system'as the key words,the related literature on yam and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) standardization was searched in CNKI,Wanfang and other databases.In addition,Compendium of Materia Medica,Miscellaneous Records of Famous Physicians,Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2015 edition),Flora of China and other books were accessed to summarize the history of the development of yam and trace the origin,processing and clinical application of Chinese yam.According to the actual situation,the evolution of the origin of Chinese yam has experienced a process from dispersing to concentrating in Huaiqing,Henan,and the processing technology has also undergone great evolution.Now the processing and processing technology are also being innovated.In view of the wide application of yam in clinical and daily health care,but there is still no unified planting and production standard system,the construction of the standard system of yam is to be preliminarily explored based on the current needs of the development of TCM,mainly including the planting standard system,production and processing standard system,storage and maintenance standard system,product quality standards and other standards,aimed at promoting the standardization of yam construction,and accelerating the healthy development of Chinese medicine industry.

The use of the snake medicinals is of long history in China, for such medicinals usually have the function of dispelling wind, unblocking the collaterals, and arresting convulsion. There could be special therapeutic effect due to different types, parts, preparations, and even toxicity of medicinal snakes, and therefore medicinal snakes have caused the attention in the medical profession in China and abroad. The sea snakes as the Chinese medicinals are increasingly known and familiar as well as favored by the public. The history of the medical application of sea snakes were reviewed. Sea snakes has been made into various preparations for the clinical treatment and daily healthcare.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of serum containing Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica) or Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) on the migration of alveolar macrophages(AM) and interstitial macrophages(IM) from normal rats, and to analyze and compare the mechanisms leading to cell migration differences.METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into three groups: Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica), Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis), and blank serum. After treatment with the herbs, serum was extracted from the rats. AM and IM were isolated from normal rats and cultured. The effects of Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica) and Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) medicated serum on normal rat AM and IM chemotactic migration were determined by transwell assays. The CC chemokine receptor(CCR) 2, CCR5, voltage-gated Kvl. 3 K + channel(Kv1. 3), and voltage-gated Kvl. 5 K + channel(Kv1. 5) protein levels were analyzed by western blotting.RESULTS: The migration quantities of AM and IM in the Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica) and Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) medicated serum groups were significantly higher than those in the blank serum group(P < 0.01). Compared with the Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) medicated serum group, the migration quantity of cultured rat AM in the Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica) medicated serum group was significantly increased(P <0.01). Meanwhile, compared with the Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica) medicated serum group, the migration quantity of cultured rat IM in the Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) medicated serum group was significantly increased(P < 0.01).CCR2, CCR5, Kv1. 3, and Kv1. 5 proteins were expressed on the AM cell surface, and showed significantly higher expression in the Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica) medicated serum group compared with the Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis)medicated serum group. In contrast, CCR5, Kv1.3,and Kv1.5 proteins were expressed on the IM cell surface, and showed significantly higher expression in the Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis)medicated serum group compared with the Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica) medicated serum group.CONCLUSION: Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica)and Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) can promote AM and IM migration ability, with Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica) targeting AM more apparently and Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) targeting IM more apparently. The mechanism may be that, by stimulating cells, Mahuang(Herba Ephedra Sinica) and Wuweizi(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis) promote expression of CCR2 and CCR5 receptors on the AM and IM cell surface,which pass signals to Kvl.3 and Kvl.5 ion channels,leading to changes in the cytoskeleton, and ultimately promoting chemotactic cell migration.

Objective To study the effects of Sea Snake Wine on CD4 +/CD8 +,IgA,IgM,IgG in peripheral blood of type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats,and the therapeutic effects of it on RA.Methods Normal control group,model group,positive control group,and Sea Snake Wine group were randomly divided,and type Ⅱ CIA rat model was established.The flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of CD4 + and CD8 +,and the contents of IgA,IgM and IgG were measured by ELISA.Results Compared with the normal group,the level of CD4 +/CD8 + and IgM,IgA,IgG of the model group were increased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with the model group,the levels of CD4 +/CD8 + and IgM,lgA and IgG of the positive control group and the Sea Snake Wine group were decreased (P ＜ 0.05);compared with the positive control group,the levels of CD8 + and IgM and IgG of Sea Snake Wine group was increased,the difference was statistically significant(P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences between the other values (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The Sea Snake Wine could correct CD4 +/CD8 + imbalance to regulate the disorder of immune system in rheumatoid arthritis (RA),reduce the level of IgA,IgM,IgG,and inhibit the secretion of immunoglobulin and inflammatory reaction so as to treat arthritis.

Lifting and lowering theory is one of the important basis for guiding clinical medication. Through the study of ancient books and literature, we learned that lifting and lowering theory was originated in Huangdi Neijing, practiced more in the Shanghan Zabing Lun, established in Yixue Qiyuan, and developed in Compendium of Materia Medica and now. However, lifting and lowering theory is now mostly stagnated in the theoretical stage, with few experimental research. In the clinical study, the guiding role of lifting and lowering theory to prescriptions?mainly includes opposite?role?of lift and lower medicine property, mutual promotion of lift and lower medicine property, main role of lift medicine property and main role of lower medicine property. Under the guidance of lifting and lowering theory, the herb pair compatibility include herb combination of lift medicine property, herb combination of lift and lower medicine property and herb combination of lower medicine property. Modern biological technology was used in this study to carry out experimental research on the lifting and lowering theory, revealing the scientific connotation of it, which will help to promote clinical rational drug use.

To understand the history development and changes of Citri Grandis Exocarpium and initially establish its standard system after exploring the historical origins and modern development of Citri Grandis Exocarpium. In CNKI, Wanfang database and other academic search platforms were searched for literature on Citri Grandis Exocarpium and Chinese medicine standard system； the books related to its modern cultivation techniques and processing technology were also accessed, and after combining with the actual situation analysis, the prospective design of the standard system of Citri Grandis Exocarpium was finally established with research conclusion. The earliest records of the Citri Grandis Exocarpium were documented in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, but its medicinal value was discovered in the Song Dynasty. Its drug use was developed on the basis of Jupi（orange peel） and Citri Exocarpium Rubrum. In 21st century, a number of large-scale, intensive Citri Grandis Exocarpium bases have been formed due to high price, good planting efficiency, and rapid growth of cultivation areas. The standard system includes the technical specifications of seed selection and seedling cultivation of Citri Grandis Exocarpium, technical norms of cultivation, technical specifications of fertilizing and weeding, technical specifications of irrigation and drainage, technical standard of pest and disease control, standard of medicinal materials grade, standard of processing technology of sliced pieces and the quality standard of slices, etc.

目的传承李时珍药学学术思想和医药文化,继承国医大师金世元调剂技术经验,发展完善大黄调剂技术。方法系统整理《本草纲目》中有关大黄调剂的记载,结合《中国药典》（2015版）,梳理李时珍关于大黄药物释名、临床应用等方面的记载,对比金世元教授在大黄药物释名、处方审核、处方应付、发药交代等调剂技术方面经验。结果 1李时珍在《本草纲目》中关于大黄释名、临床应用等的记载充分体现了其辨证用药学术思想。2金世元教授提出的大黄处方审核、处方应付、发药交代等调剂技术与临床证候密切相关。结论金世元教授传承李时珍辨证用药学术思想,发展完善了大黄调剂技术,为大黄临床调剂提供了科学借鉴。

Objective To collect and summarize the literature related to dispensing technology on gin-seng from JIN Shiyuan,a National Medical Master,so as to study his academic ideas and to inherit the technology.Methods Retrieve the records and original works of Chinese herbs based on Compendium of Material Medica,and look up Chinese pharmacopoeia (2015 version)and JIN Shiyuan’s Experience ofI-dentifying Chinese Herbal Medicines,then the present status of dispensing technology of ginseng was ana-lyzed.Results The dispensing technology of ginseng was first recorded in Compendium ofMateria Medi-ca,including processing,dosage form,matters need attention,incompatibility,storage,etc.For the first time,JIN Shiyuan confirmed the clinical dispensing technology of ginseng,in which recognition, processing,prescription audit,prescription coping,prescription distribution,and storage were involved. Conclusion Pofessor JIN Shiyuan inherited pharmaceutical academic thought of LI Shizhen,and carried forward the clinical dispensing technology of ginseng.

OBJECTIVE:To card the historical origin of Achyranthes bidentatae radix ’s development, and to preliminary establish the Achyranthes bidentatae radix ’s standard system under the background of big data .METHODS:By referring to&nbsp;Shennong’s Herbal, Compendium of Materia Medica and other ancient books , and taking“Achyranthes bidentatae radix”,“historical origin” and “standard system” as key words , to retrieve literature in CNKI , the literature was systematically collected to preliminary establish the standard system framework of Achyranthes bidentatae radix . RESULTS &CONCLUSIONS:Achyranthes bidentatae radix was first contained in Shennong ’s Herbal.From Tang Dynasty, most of the real estate were excellent and that was producted in the state of Huaizhou was better than others .The genuineness of Achyranthes bidentatae radix formed since the Ming Dynasty gradually , the background of big data can help to build the standard system of Achyranthes bidentatae radix and promote its development of modernization .

To collect Li Shizhen's experience in Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata identification and clinical application, compare and analyze national physician master Jin Shiyuan's practical operation and theoretical knowledge, which is beneficial for the inheritance and improvement of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata clinical dispensing technology. In the analysis process, CNKI, Wanfang and other databases were searched with "Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata", "Li Shizhen", "pharmacological method state theory" "Jin Shiyuan" and "Chinese medicine dispensing technology" as the key words. In addition, Treatise on Febrile Disease, Compendium of Materia Medica, Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition), Notes to Medical Professions(Yi Zong Shuo Yue), and other medicine books were accessed to summarize the processing methods and decoction dosage of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata in both ancient and modern medicine, and in consideration of technical research and practice operation, Li Shizhen's description of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata and Professor Jin Shiyuan's research on Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata dispensing technology were analyzed and collected. Li Shizhen recorded the nature identification and clinical application of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata by using pharmacological method state theory in Compendium of Materia Medica. National physician master Jin Shiyuan carries forward the essence of Li Shizhen's pharmaceutical academic thought with his own proficient knowledge structure in medicine, providing scientific pharmaceutical service for clinical application of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata Professor. Jin Shiyuan put forward the dispensing technology for the first time, including nature identification technology, clinical processing technology, clinical decocting technology, prescription coping technology, and class specifications of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata. In this paper, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata was used as an example to analyze the key dispensing technology of traditional Chinese medicine, and apply the key dispensing technology of traditional Chinese medicine in various commonly used Chinese medicines in the future.

To collect the historical origin, processing methods and clinical application of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata in Compendium of Materia Medica, compare and analyze the theoretical knowledge and relevant practical operation of national physician master Jin Shiyuan, which is beneficial for the inheritance and development of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata's clinical dispensing technology. In the analysis process, CNKI was searched with "Rehmanniae Radix Preparata", "Processing method", "Clinical application" "Li Shizhen", "Jin Shiyuan", and "Dispensing technology" as keywords. In addition, Shennong's Herbal Classic, Bencao Tujing (illustrated Classics of Materia Medica), Compendium of Materia Medica, Jingyue Quanshu (Jingyue's Complete Works) and related ancient books were accessed systematically to summarize the historical change of processing methods and efficacy of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata. Professor Jin Shiyuan emphasizes the clinical dispensing technology of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, including its nature identification technology, clinical processing technology, prescription audit technology, prescription coping technology, drug delivery technology, clinical decocting technology, purchasing management technology as well as storage, maintenance and supply technology. Through the collation and research, it was confirmed that historical origin, processing methods and clinical application of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata were recorded in details in Compendium of Materia Medica. Steaming method of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata was originated from Synopsis of Golden Chamber. Li Shizhen attached great importance to the processing method of "steaming and drying alternatively for nine times" for Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, and differentiated it from Radix Rehmanniae Recen and fresh rehmannia root in clinical applications. Professor Jin Shiyuan has developed and improved the clinical dispensing technology of Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, and carried forward the essence of Li Shizhen's pharmaceutical academic thought with his own proficient knowledge structure in medicine, providing scientific pharmaceutical service for clinical application of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata in future.