总结肖正安先生对于儿科病证的脏腑辨证思想,先生总结出“儿科病证有五易”,即肺娇易病、脾弱易伤、心热易惊、肝旺易搐、肾气易虚.并结合先生生前相关病案及语录具体阐释,展现先生对于儿科病证的体会.

食物不耐受是一种由非IgE介导的复杂的变态反应性疾病。当人体的免疫系统把进入人体的某种或多种食物当作有害物质时，会针对这些物质产生过度的保护性免疫反应，产生食物特异性IgG抗体，IgG抗体与食物颗粒形成免疫复合物，可能引起所有组织产生炎症反应，并表现为全身系统的症状和疾病［1］。

咽,是人体经气流通之重地.观《内经》记载十二经脉中除手厥阴心包和足太阳膀胱经气是间接通于咽喉之外,其余十条经络皆直接通达于咽,故咽痛成为临床常见症,并作为主证或者兼证常出现在多种疾病过程中.《伤寒论》以三阴三阳为理论框架,在太阳、阳明、少阴、厥阴等篇章中重点论及了热证、寒证及寒热错杂证型中出现咽痛证治,显然仲景讨论咽痛意在以寒热为纲,表明虽六经病皆可致咽喉不利而痛,然寒热是其辨治关键.《伤寒论》中描述症状有"咽痛"、"咽中痛"、"咽中伤"、"喉咽不利"、"咽烂"等语,然其疼痛机制仍以寒凝或阳郁于咽喉、不通而痛为主.由于仲景扶阳思想其实是以人体阳气为本,包括保护阳气、资助阳气、调理阳气等多方面[1],故笔者认为仲景辨治咽痛之中亦包含着扶阳思想的广泛应用,现探讨于下.

仲景《伤寒论》113方中,应用人参的共有23方.《神农本草经》将人参列为上品,认为“人参,味甘,微寒.主补五脏,安精神,定魂魄,止惊悸,除邪气,明目,开心益智商.久服轻身延年”.仲景所用人参应为五加科人参,而非桔梗科党参.根据我国著名本草专家黄胜白等经长期考证:“今天的党参并非古之党参.唐代以前,人参有上党参、东北参和高丽参3种,都属于五加科植物.山西上党所产人参品质最佳,简称为党参.后来因长期采挖,上党人参逐渐绝迹.为了应付朝廷和商贾的需求,人们便以该地区一种桔梗科植物来代替,这就是现在所称的党参”[1].仲景《伤寒论》在多方中运用人参,体现的作用有补益胃气、益气生津、益气复脉、补气助阳.

Objective:To find a way to turn public hospital reform back to the public welfare and provide the basis for health care reform. Methods: Literature was reviewed, and actual situation was explored. Results: The public benefits of some public hospitals were weakened due to the contradiction between government investment and hospital demand, unreasonable incentive mechanism and deficient supervision. Conclusion: The realization of public interests of the public hospital needs the efforts of the whole society, including the external support and understanding from government and the public, the hospital's own internal efforts, and health supervision.

At present, the biomedical model has occupied the leading position in the development of medicine.The bio-psycho-social model as the developing direction of the medical model has been put forward for 37 years up to now, but it has not been able to get effective practice. This article analyzed the cause of this happening and argues that the new mode of modern holistic medicine takes the overall health and other factors into account. Updating the knowledge structure, changing understanding and other methods, would help break through the limitations existing in the medical knowledge and practice aspects of bio-psycho-social medical model, can fundamentally change the status quo that modern medical practice has not been effectively guided, so then to better direct the development of clinical career.

宗气理论首见于《黄帝内经》,此后历代医家多有发挥,其理论对于临床具有不可替代的指导作用.随着当今循环系统、呼吸系统疾病的逐渐增多,熟悉并掌握宗气理论在临床治疗相关疾病中的运用,具有不可忽视的价值.本文试结合历代医家的理论阐述,进一步辨明宗气相关理论,辨析宗气与心肺的生理、病理关系,为临床应用提供更明确的依据.