目的:为脑损伤后肩关节半脱位的防治设计一款新型矫形器.方法:利用3D打印技术设计和打印一套防治肩关节半脱位的新型矫形器——肘前臂托,并将此肘前臂托与传统的肩吊带应用于脑卒中后伴有肩关节半脱位的患者.采用自身对照的设计方法,对患者分别佩戴肘前臂托与传统的肩吊带,并分别在佩戴前、佩戴后即刻以及佩戴后30min拍摄半脱位肩关节坐位下的正位X线片,测量X线片肩峰下缘至肱骨头中心的垂直距离和水平距离,比较这2种矫形器对肩关节半脱位的复位效果.结果:对于脑卒中后出现肩关节半脱位患者,佩戴这2种矫形器后的即刻均可以达到复位目的,30min后传统肩吊带的复位作用明显减弱,佩戴肘前臂托的复位仍然有效.肘前臂托支撑稳定,持续时间长,佩戴舒适.结论:基于3D打印技术研制的此款肘前臂托设计可行,测试效果好,为脑卒中后肩关节半脱位的临床治疗提供了新的思路.

Objective:To compare the immediate effectiveness of elbow forearm support with that of a traditional shoulder sling in reducing glenohumeral subluxation (GHS) after a stroke.Methods:Eight stroke survivors with GHS were randomized to receive either 30 minutes of intervention of an elbow forearm support treatment or a traditional shoulder sling treatment twice within 24 hours. Their healthy and affected shoulders were X-rayed before and right after the treatment is ongoing as well as after the end of the 30 min of treatment. The vertical (VD) and horizontal (HD) distances from the lower edge of the acromion to the center of the humeral head were measured. The satisfaction of the patients and their relatives was surveyed.Results:The average VD and HD improved significantly more after wearing the elbow forearm support. Moreover, the patients and their relatives expressed greater satisfaction with the elbow forearm support.Conclusion:Either an elbow forearm support or a traditional shoulder sling will have an immediate effect in reducing shoulder subluxation, but the elbow forearm support is more effective and gives greater satisfaction.

Motor dysfunction of lower extremities is one of the most common and urgent problems to be solved in patients with stroke. Even if early and standardized rehabilitation therapy, there are still many patients who cannot restore their walking function or have serious abnormal gait after 6 months of onset. It has a great impact on their daily activities and self-care ability, and brings a heavy economic burden to the society and family financial situation. Rehabilitation interventions for motor dysfunction of lower extremities include central intervention techniques and peripheral intervention techniques. Central intervention technology stimulates the brain, such as neuroregulation and scalp acupuncture, while peripheral intervention technology stimulates limbs, such as functional electrical stimulation (FES) and robot-assisted gait training (RAGT). Although the two technologies have different stimulation targets, the same purpose, previous studies found that the treatment effect was better when combined application of effective central intervention technology with peripheral intervention technology. It is called "brain-limb coordinated regulation therapy technology", which can be divided into brain-upper-limb coordinated therapy mode and brain-lower-limb coordinated therapy mode according to different coordinated parts. The technology can be divided into synchronous brain-limb coordination therapy mode and asynchronous brain-limb coordination therapy mode according to the different coordination sequence. The asynchronous mode can be further divided into the mode of stimulating the brain first and then the limbs, and the mode of stimulating the limbs first and then the brain. At present, this technique is widely used in clinical research. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is widely used in combination with lower limb rehabilitation therapy because of its advantages such as high safety, easy to carry equipment and long delayed effect time. However, the therapeutic effect of this kind of synergistic therapy is quite different, due to the different lower limb rehabilitation techniques and different sequence involved in the synergistic therapy. This article reviews the application progress of tDCS with different treatment parameters combined with different lower limb rehabilitation techniques and different cooperative treatment sequence in stroke, and discusses the factors which affect the effect of cooperative treatment and the possible effective cooperative treatment mode, in order to provide new ideas for the treatment of lower limb dysfunction after stroke.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) synchronized with normal walking pattern based on multi-channel functional electrical stimulation (FES) on lower limb motor and balance function in patients with traumatic brain injury hemiplegia.MethodsA total of 56 patients with TBI and hemiplegia were divided into synchronous group (n=21), FES group (n=20), and tDCS group (n=15) by using sealed-envelope randomization. The tDCS group was given head tDCS treatment and lower extremity sham FES treatment, the FES group was given head sham tDCS treatment and lower extremity FES treatment, and the synchronous group was given head tDCS treatment and lower extremity FES treatment. The treatment was 20 min/time, 1 time/d, for 12 days. Before treatment, after 6 days treatment and after 12 days treatment, the following scales were used to evaluate: Fugl-Meyer assessment of lower extremity (FMA-LE), Berg balance scale (BBS), and Neurocom Balance Manager System.ResultsThere was no significant differences among the evaluation results of the three groups before treatment. After treatment, compared with those before treatment, the FMA-LE scores of three groups were significantly different (P<0.05), but there was no significant differences in FMA-LE among the three groups (P>0.05). Compared with the three groups before and after treatment, BBS scores of the three groups were significantly different respectively (P<0.05). Compared the tDCS group with the FES group, the differences in BBS scores of the synchronization group were significant (P<0.05). In balance assessment, compared with those before treatment, visual cues (VIS), vestibular cues (VEST), sensory organization test composite (SOTC) and motion control test composite (MCTC) were significantly different in the synchronous group after treatment (P<0.05); MCTC was significantly different in the FES group (P<0.05); VIS and SOTC was significantly difference in the tDCS group (P<0.05). Compared among the three groups, the change rate of MCTC was significantly difference (P<0.05); there were no significant differences in other indicators (P>0.05).ConclusionThe three methods can effectively improve the lower limb motor and balance function of patients with traumatic brain injury in chronic period. The treatment of tDCS with FES is better than the treatment of tDCS or FES alone in terms of some evaluation indicators.

目的:观察经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation,tDCS)同步基于正常行走模式的下肢多通道功能性电刺激(functional electrical stimulation,FES)对脑卒中偏瘫恢复期患者下肢运动功能的影响.方法:66例符合入组条件的脑卒中偏瘫患者,分层后随机分成3组:tDCS组(n=22)、FES组(n=22)、同步组(n=22).tDCS组给予头部tDCS治疗同步下肢安慰FES治疗;FES组给予头部安慰tDCS治疗同步下肢FES治疗;同步组给予头部tDCS治疗同步下肢FES治疗.治疗20min/次、1次/d、连续治疗12d.在治疗前(T0)、治疗6次(T1)及治疗12次(T2)后分别采用下列量表评估:脑卒中患者姿势评分(PASS)、Fugl-Meyer下肢运动功能评定(FMA-L)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、计时"起立-行走"测试(TUGT)、改良Barthel指数(MBI).结果:治疗前3组患者各评定结果之间的差异无显著性.治疗12次后,三组患者的BBS、TUGT、MBI(下肢)及FES组和同步组的PASS较治疗前差异有显著性(P＜0.05).变化率比较,治疗12次后三组患者FMA-L、BBS、TUGT、MBI(下肢)及FES组和同步组的PASS的变化率,较治疗6次时变化率差异均有显著性.tDCS组与FES组比较,MBI(下肢)差异有显著性(P＜0.05);同步组与tDCS组比较,PASS、MBI(下肢)差异有显著性(P＜0.05);同步组与FES组比较BBS变化率差异有显著性(P＜0.05).其余变化差异无显著性.结论:三种方法均可有效改善脑卒中后恢复期偏瘫患者的下肢功能,tDCS同步FES的治疗在部分评估指标方面的疗效优于单用tDCS或单用FES治疗.

目的:观察高频重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)、脑仿生电刺激及其序贯治疗脑外伤持续植物状态(PVS)患者的临床疗效.方法:入组的脑外伤PVS患者予常规药物及康复治疗,并随机分为3组:rTMS组(24例),予高频rT-MS治疗;脑仿生电组(23例),予脑仿生电治疗;rTMS与脑仿生电联合组(简称联合组,26例),先高频rTMS治疗后立即给脑仿生电刺激治疗.分别在治疗前、治疗6周后应用昏迷恢复量表修订版(CRS-R)评估患者意识状态,查脑电图(EEG)、脑干听觉诱发电位(BAEP)、体感诱发电位(SEP).结果:治疗4周后,3组CRS-R评分较治疗前均有明显提高(均P<0.05),联合组CRS-R评分均高于脑仿生电组、rTMS组(均P<0.05).治疗后,3组患者EEG、BEAP、SEP分级整体均较治疗前明显改善(均P<0.05),联合组较脑仿生电组、rTMS组明显改善(P<0.05).治疗后,3组患者BEAP、SEP潜伏期较治疗前均有显著降低(P<0.05),联合组BEAP、SEP潜伏期均低于脑仿生电组、rTMS组(P<0.05).结论:高频rTMS、脑仿生电刺激治疗均可以有效改善脑外伤PVS患者的意识及其脑电生理,且二者序贯治疗的效果优于单一治疗.

目的:观察经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)同步多通道功能性电刺激(FES)的治疗模式对脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡与行走功能的影响.方法:将脑卒中偏瘫步行障碍患者随机分为tDCS组(20例)和伪tDCS组(18例).tDCS组采用1×1 tDCS治疗仪,阳极置于脑初级运动皮层偏瘫下肢代表区,阴极置于健脑额前区,电流强度:2mA.伪tDCS组患者电极放置位置相同,但仅在开始治疗和结束前30s有电流输出.两组均同步接受FES治疗.治疗时间:20min/次,1次/天,5天倜,连续治疗2周.治疗前、1周后、2周后分别给予Berg平衡量表(BBS)、Holden步行功能量表的临床评估,并在治疗前和2周后进行三维步态分析.结果:治疗组1周后BBS变化率、2周后Holden等级较伪刺激组增加,差异具有显著性(P＜ 0.05);治疗组步态的特征性参数、时空参数、对称性参数与伪刺激组比较,差异无显著性.结论:tDCS同步FES治疗可能提高脑卒中偏瘫患者的平衡功能,可以显著提高其行走功能,但三维步态分析的步态参数变化不明显.

Objective:To observe the effect of Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture combined with EEG biomimetic electrical stimulation on brainstem auditory evoked potential (BEAP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) in patients with persistent vegetative state (PVS).Methods:A total of ninety patients with PVS treated in the PVS awareness center of Guangdong 999 Brain hospital were randomly divided into Acupuncture group, Bionic electricity group and Combined group, with thirty cases in each group. All groups were given routine treatment, including basic management, hyperbaric oxygen therapy and drug treatment etc. In addition, the Acupuncture group received Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture, the refreshement treatment, at which the main acupoints were Shuigou, bilateral Neiguan, bilateral Sanyinjiao, and the auxiliary acupoints were Jiquan, Chize and Weizhong acupoints, once a day, the Bionic electricity group received the treatment of EEG bionic electrical stimulation, the main electrode were placed at GB 12 and BL 10, each treatment was for a continuous 99 min followed by a rest of 30 min, followed by another 99 min, once a day, the Combined group received Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture combined with EEG bionic electrical stimulation, once a day. Three groups were treated continuously for thirty days. On the day before treatment and the day after treatment, the consciousness state of the three groups was assessed by the revised coma recovery scale (CRS-R), and the grades of BAEP, SEP and the changes of latency and interval of each wave on the affected side were monitored by electromyographic evoked potential.Results:Before treatment, there was no significant difference of the CRS-R scores, the grades of SEP and BAEP, the latency of I, V, P15, N20, P38 wave and I-V wave interval in three groups (P>0.05). Compared with before treatment, the CRS-R scores after treatment were significantly higher, the grades of SEP and BAEP after treatment were significantly lower, the latency of I, V, P15, N20, P38 wave and I-V wave interval were significantly shorter, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Compared with the Acupuncture group and the Bionic electric group after treatment, the CRS-R scores of the Combined group were higher, the grades of SEP and BAEP in the Combined group were lower, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). The latency of I, V, P15, N20, P38 wave and I-V wave interval in the Combined group after treatment were significantly shorter than those of the Acupuncture group and the Bionic electricity group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05).Conclusion:Xingnao Kaiqiao acupuncture combined with EEG biomimetic electrical stimulation is helpful to promote the consciousness recovery of PVS patients, improving the clinical effect of awakening, and improve SEP and BAEP in patients with persistent vegetative state.

目的:通过三维步态分析系统,观察基于正常行走模式的功能性电刺激(FES)对脑卒中患者行走功能的即时影响,为其临床应用及推广提供依据.方法:将符合入组条件的47例脑卒中患者随机分为电刺激组(16例)、安慰电刺激组(15例)和对照组(16例).电刺激组给予基于正常行走模式设计的四通道FES助行仪治疗,患者戴机行走5min;刺激肌肉分别为偏瘫侧胫前肌、股四头肌、腓肠肌及胭绳肌.安慰电刺激组的电刺激位置及行走时间与电刺激组相同,行走(5min)过程中没有电流输出;对照组不给予电刺激,只让患者行走5min.三组患者分别在治疗前及治疗5min后接受三维步态检查,并对结果进行分析.结果:三组组内治疗后与治疗前比较:电刺激组的步行周期、支撑时间、步行速度、步频、踝背伸角度、踝关节触地时角度均有改善(P＜0.05);安慰电刺激组仅在踝关节背伸和踝关节触地时角度有改善(P＜0.05);对照组所有参数均无改善,且跨步长缩短、踝关节背伸角度降低(P＜0.05).三组组间比较:治疗后只有触地时踝关节背伸角度差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).进一步进行治疗前后变化率的组间比较,发现三组患者患侧步行周期、支撑时间、步行速度、步频、步长、跨步长、触地时踝关节背伸角度的差异均有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论:应用基于正常行走模式的FES治疗5min即可改善脑卒中患者的即时步行功能,长期效果尚待研究.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) of the resting brain function network in patients in a minimal conscious state (MCS) so as to explore the mechanism.Methods Eleven MCS patients were selected.Among them,there were 9 males and 2 females,10 with cerebral trauma and 1 with cerebral hemorrhage,with an average age of (37.3±8.4) and an average course of disease of (3.4±0.1) months.All subjects were given a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) assessment prior to the single tDCS treatment,followed by a 20-minute single sham tDCS treatment at a time.After single-sham stimulation,a second time rs-fMRI assessment test will be conducted,followed by a real tDCS treatment for 20 minutes.Eventually,a third time rs-fMRI assessment test will be implemented.Results No significant statistical difference was shown in terms of all the parameters after single shamtDCS as compared to those before the treatment (P＞0.05).After single real-tDCS,no significant change was observed with CRS-R score,ALFF of default network (left anterior wedge),the frontal-parietal network (left fróntal lobe,right superior gyms),sensory motor network (left auxiliary motor area),subcortical network (right thalamus,bilateral caudate nuclei) was significantly higher than that before treatment,while the ALFF of the frontal network (frontal lobe) and auditory network (bilateral temporal lobes) was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).After single real-tDCS,the ALFF of default network (right frontal lobe) was significantly enhanced compared to that after single sham-tDCS (P＜0.05),while that of the salient network (left insula) and sensorimotor network (right central frontal) was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Conclusion The enhancement of ALFF activity in the resting state brain function network is a possible neural mechanism for tDCS to promote the recovery of consciousness level in pa tients with minimal conscious state.

Objective:To discuss whether the alteration of neurological impairment of rats with cerebral infarction after the treatment of functional electrical stimulation(FES) was relevant to the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β) in their ischemic penumbra fields.Method:Totally 72 rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham-operation,control and NMES treatment.They were subdivided into 4 subgroups,0-day(before treatment),3-day,7-day,14-day treatments,and 6 rats in each.Cerebral infarction was achieved by the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion(pMCAO).NMES treatment with hypodermic electrodes was provided once per day and 30 min per time.Modified neurological severity score (mNSS) and phosphorylation of GSK-3 in brain were assessed at each observation point.Result:For the mNSS points and comparing with the control group,the improvement of neurological function was observed among rats treated for 7 and 14 days (P＜0.05),but not in 3 days treatment.As the phosphorylation of GSK-3β in the rats penumbra field,it is higher in control group and NMES group than those in sham operation group,and the highest is the 7days treatment group.Conclusion:NMES can ameliorate the neurological impairment after cerebral infarction,and its mechanism involves elevating the phosphorylation of GSK-3β.

Objective:To investigate the effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the functional connectivity strength (FCS) of rest brain function network in patients with minimal conscious state (MCS) so as to explore the mechanism of this treatment.Method:Eleven MCS-compliant patients were involved.Subjects were given an rs-fMRI assessment prior to the single tDCS treatment,followed by a 20-minute min single sham-tDCS treatment at a time.After singlesham stimulation,a second time rs-fMRI assessment test will be given to subjects,followed by a real-tDCS treatment for 20-minute min.Eventually,a third time rs-fMRI assessment test will be given to subjects.Result:Before treatment and after single sham-tDCS,no significant statistical difference was shown (P＞0.05).After single real-tDCS,FCS of auditory network (right inferior temporal gyrus) and the frontal-parietal network was significantly higher than that before treatment (P＜0.05).After single real-tDCS,the default network (right precuneus),the frontal-parietal network (right angular gyrus and right postcentral gyrus central back),sensory motor network (bilateral supplementary motor area) FCS was significantly enhanced compared to that after single sham-tDCS (P＜0.05).Conclusion:tDCS has a significant effect on MCS brain function network FCS by synchronous and non-synchronous regulatory effect (distant effect) to MCS brain function network.Single real-tDCS treatment can adjust the left side of the top of the network to enhance the FCS and can adjust key nodes of consciousness level related to the role in the recovery of consciousness.

Objective To investigate the impact flat deformity of the cerebral cortex induced by congenital hydrocephalus on motor functioning and cognition.Methods Tomography was used to confirm the presence of flat cortex deformity in three congenital hydrocephalus patients ranging in age from 20 to 33.Their motor control,balance,cognition and ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),the Berg balance scale (BBS),the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).Speech dysfunction was judged on the basis of clinical communication.The patients were scanned using a 64-slice spiral CT and size-of-ventricle indices were calculated.Results All 3 patients underwent ventrideperitoneal shunt.Their FMA scores were 75.5,83 and 100,with BBS scores of 4,24 and 56,MMSE scores of 14,23 and 26,and the MBIs of 40,90 and 100.CT images showed obvious ventricle enlargement and a thinner cortex layer in all three,with the thinnest part 0.18 cm,0.22 cm and 0.57 cm.Their ventricle indexes were 303％,288％ and 192％,respectively.Conclusion Although there is no systematic rehabilitation therapy for such patients,their motor,cognition and speech functioning were good,indicating the great potential for plasticity of the human brain.

Objective:To compare the effects of two methods of tracheal extubation for persistent vegetative state (PVS) with tracheotomy and intubation.Method:One hundred and twenty-three PVS patients with tracheotomy and intubation were recruited from Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital.They were randomly assigned to observation group and control group.Observation group was given self-made sealing sleeve to plug the endotracheal intubation completely.If patients breathed normally in 48 hours,the tracheotomy cannulas would be extubated.Control group was replaced with metal tracheal cannulas that would be plugged directly after 1 week.If breathing normally in 48 hours,patients would be given extubation.The heart rate,respiration,blood oxygen saturation and different gender,the course of disease,the tracheal tube indwelling time,extubation time,extubation success rate and complication rates of two groups were recorded.Result:Extubation time:①The difference in extubation time between the two groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05);②When the course of disease was 4-12 weeks,the difference of extubation time was more obvious(P＜0.05);③For the patients with traumatic brain injury or cerebral hemorrhage,extubation time also showed more obvious difference(P ＜ 0.05).For extubation success rate and complication rates,there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion:There was no statistical difference in safety,success rate,complication rate between two groups.At the same time,observation group had the shorter extubation time,especially in the patients with 4-12 weeks of course of disease,or with traumatic brain injury,cerebral hemorrhage or ischemia anoxic encephalopathy.

目的:观察自主运动、强迫运动和功能性电刺激诱导的运动对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠学习记忆、海马区突触可塑性的影响.方法:成年Wistar雄性大鼠,体重250-300g;用10％水合氯醛(300mg/kg)行腹腔注射麻醉,采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎法制作血管性痴呆模型.造模成功后大鼠在跑轮中适应3天(剔除运动量不能达到每天270m的大鼠),采用随机数字法分为假手术组、模型组、自主运动组、强迫运动组和功能性电刺激组,每组各8只.假手术组:仅暴露双侧颈总动脉,但不接扎,术后大鼠置于笼中自由活动;模型组:采用双侧颈总动脉永久性结扎法制作VD模型,术后大鼠置于笼中自由活动;自主运动组:造模1周后大鼠在跑轮(直径31.8cm,宽度10cm,旋转阻力约相当于100g物体的重力)上自由运动,用传感器记录跑过的圈数,每天270圈;强迫运动组:造模1周后大鼠在电动跑轮(直径31.8cm,长度40cm,转速9r/min)上运动,每天治疗30min;功能性电刺激组:造模1周后开始治疗,诱导大鼠前肢产生以9m/min行走时的动作,每天治疗30min.以上五组于治疗14d后,采用新奇事物识别实验测试大鼠学习记忆能力.取大鼠海马组织采用Western blot技术检测上述各组SYN、SYP、PSD-95及MAP-2、TAU蛋白表达.采用免疫组织化学染色法检测海马CA1区微管结合蛋白的变化.结果:①新奇事物识别实验:训练阶段各组大鼠对两个相同物体的探寻指数无显著性差异,24h后进行测试,自主运动组、强迫运动组和功能性电刺激组新奇事物认知指数与模型组比较,差异均具有显著性(P＜0.05),自主运动组新奇事物认知指数与强迫运动组、功能性电刺激组比较,差异均有显著性(P＜0.05),而功能性电刺激组与强迫运动组比较无显著性差异.②海马区SYN、SYP、PSD-95、MAP-2、TAU蛋白表达水平:自主运动组、强迫运动组和功能性电刺激组SYN、PSD-95、MAP-2、TAU蛋白表达水平均明显高于模型组(P＜0.05),功能性电刺激组、自主运动组和强迫运动组两两比较无显著性差异;上述5组SYP蛋白表达组间无显著性差异.结论:自主运动、强迫运动和功能性电刺激诱导的运动均可促进VD大鼠学习记忆能力的恢复,其可能机制为运动训练促进海马区SYN、PSD-95、MAP-2、TAU蛋白表达,改善海马区突触可塑性.

Objective To investigate whether functional electrical stimulation (FES) can improve the expression of proteins in the NMDAR1-pGLuR1 pathway so as to promote the recovery of motor function and sensation after stroke.Methods Eighty-one Wistar rats were used to make a photochemical brain model of local ischemia.Rats were randomly assigned into a sham, placebo stimulation or FES group.Rats in the placebo and FES groups had local ischemia induced in the M1 zone of the brain using the photosensitive dye Bengal rose.It was administered intravenously and a laser beam was then stereotactically positioned on the skull.The rats in the FES groups were stimulated for 30 minutes (10 minutes on, 10 minutes off, then 10 minutes on).The placebo group's treatment was similar, but without the electric current.The rats in the sham group received no intervention.The cylinder test and the adhesive-removal test were used to test the rats' motor function and sensation before the operation and before they were sacrificed.Cohorts were sacrificed after 3, 7 and 14 days of intervention.NMDA receptor and AMPA receptor were detected in the peri-ischemic cortex using western blotting.Results After 7 and 14 days the index of forelimb motor function in the cylinder test of the FES group was significantly better than that of the placebo group.The average adhesive-removal time of the FES group was also significantly faster compared with the placebo group.After 7 days the average expression of NMDAR1 in the FES group was significantly higher than in the placebo group.The average expression of GluR1 and pGluR1 in the FES group was significantly higher than in the placebo group after 14 days.Conclusion Functional electrical stimulation can improve motor function after ischemia through the NMDARAMPAR signal pathway, at least in rats.

中枢神经系统是机体的重要调整体系,其自身的结构和功能具有随着内外环境变化而不断地修饰和重组的能力,被称为中枢神经系统的可塑性,学习和损伤修复的基础[1].但在出生后早期因脑出血致半球脑损伤对成年后运动与智力影响的报道甚少,现将1例诊断为婴儿期脑出血致右大脑半球囊化后中枢神经可塑性及功能重组现象报告如下.