Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a refractory neuromuscular disorder that primarily affects facial movement. Electromyography (EMG) is one common-used clinical evaluation technique for HFS, which can help support the effective treatment. Nonetheless, due to its invasiveness and low-resolution issues, the application of EMG is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the facial muscle activities in HFS, by employing a whole-face surface EMG (sEMG) technique. Twenty patients with HFS were recruited in this study. Whole-face sEMG electrodes were used to record the muscle activities of the frontalis, orbicularis oculi, orbicularis oris, mentalis, and midfacial muscles during different facial movements. The root mean square (RMS) and median frequency (MDF) features from sEMG signals were computed for analysis. Especially, the sEMG topographic map was applied to analyze the coordinated activities of midfacial muscles, by using stretchable sEMG electrode arrays. Results demonstrated that the RMS of the affected side's frontalis was significantly higher than the unaffected side ( ${P} \lt 0.001$ ), while no significant difference was observed in MDF ( ${P} \gt 0.05$ ). In the RMS topographic map, the center of gravity in the horizontal direction (CoGx) shifted significantly toward the midline on the affected side during the teeth-showing task ( ${P} \lt 0.05$ ) and the entropy feature on the affected side was significantly lower than that on the unaffected side during the cheek-showing task ( ${P} \lt 0.05$ ). These findings indicate the compensatory mechanisms in the facial nerve distribution areas of HFS and provide an effective evaluation tool for the objective quantification of HFS severity and abnormal co-activation patterns.

BackgroundPost-stroke cognitive impairment is a common and severe complication of stroke, significantly affecting patients' daily life and rehabilitation. Although transcranial direct current stimulation combined with computerized cognitive training has shown potential for improvement, current studies still have key limitations. Most have used only simultaneous intervention protocols, without systematically comparing sequential combination strategies, making it difficult to determine the optimal clinical approach.ObjectivesThe core objective of this study will be to address the existing research gap by comparing sequential intervention strategies and to resolve the key issue of identifying the optimal clinical approach.MethodsThis study will use a single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial design. A total of 60 patients with post-stroke cognitive impairment will be randomly assigned in a 1:1:1:1 ratio to four groups: three intervention groups receiving computerized cognitive training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation at different timings (pre-training, concurrent, or post-training), and one sham control group. All interventions will be administered five times a week for two consecutive weeks. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 4 and 12 weeks post-intervention.DiscussionThis trial will systematically evaluate the optimal timing strategies for combining tDCS and CCT in PSCI. The hypothesized mechanisms are: (1) synchronous stimulation enhancing cognitive processing efficiency through immediate synaptic changes, (2) pre-training stimulation promoting plasticity via long-term potentiation-like modifications, and (3) post-training stimulation consolidating training effects by modulating neuronal synchrony. High-sensitivity cerebral oxygenation parameters will be used to assess microcirculatory improvements, linking physiological changes to cognitive recovery. However, ceiling effects and test biases will potentially limit the accuracy of long-term results, while sample size and lack of stratification based on brain lesion characteristics may introduce heterogeneity. Future studies will need to incorporate multimodal neuroimaging for stratified analysis and should develop personalized interventions based on lesion severity, disease stage, and timing to address therapeutic challenges and advance precision rehabilitation. Trial registration: ChiCTR2500102565.[Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR), https://www.chictr.org.cn/] [Registered on May 16, 2025].

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is a neurological disorder in which chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is one of the common causes, often leading to cognitive and motor dysfunction. Moderate-intensity exercise is a non-pharmacological intervention that promotes long-term, sustainable, and low-risk brain health restoration. However, the multidimensional functional effects and underlying mechanisms of such training remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to explore how moderate-intensity training relates to improvements in cognitive and gait functions in VCI, with a focus on neurovascular unit (NVU)-related processes and the potential involvement of vasculogenic Sema3G signaling within the hippocampus. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCAO) surgery to induce VCI, followed by four weeks of moderate-intensity treadmill training in the exercise group. Moderate-intensity training effectively improved memory performance and gait stability in VCI rats. Exercise also corresponded with increased hippocampal Sema3G expression and higher levels of its related intercellular signaling components (Nrp2/PlexinA4). At the neuronal level, exercise was associated with enhanced synaptic marker expression and elevated hippocampal neuronal firing. In terms of immune modulation, exercise shifted microglial phenotypes toward an anti-inflammatory profile, suggesting a more supportive environment for neurovascular repair. Collectively, these findings indicate that moderate-intensity training may influence multiple NVU components, and that the Sema3G/Nrp2/PlexinA4 signaling axis could be one pathway contributing to the observed cognitive and motor benefits in VCI rats. Moderate-intensity exercise may therefore represent a promising approach for mitigating cognitive and motor decline associated with cerebral hypoperfusion.

Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a common complication following stroke, significantly affecting upper limb recovery and quality of life. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of HSP remain poorly understood, which poses a major obstacle to the development of effective therapeutic strategies. This study aims to investigate the underlying mechanism of HSP by evaluating neuro-musculo-vascular activities using high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG), musculoskeletal ultrasound, and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI). A total of 12 HSP patients and 12 hemiplegic controls without shoulder pain (HNSP) participated in this study. Their neuro-musculo-vascular data in the affected shoulder were collected using a 64-channel HD-sEMG electrode array, a musculoskeletal ultrasonic probe, and a LSCI sensor. Muscle activity was quantified by the root mean square (RMS) of HD-sEMG signals, while neural firing activity was characterized by the discharge rate and coefficient of variation (CoV), decomposed from the HD-sEMG. Meanwhile, structural characteristics were measured by the shoulder subluxation distance (SSD) from ultrasonic image, and blood perfusion was evaluated by perfusion units (PU) from LSCI. Results showed significantly lower RMS and CoV in HSP group versus HNSP group (p<0.05), both strongly correlated with pain intensity (RMS: r=-0.792, p=0.002; CoV: r=-0.698, p=0.012). Pain intensity also linked to greater SSD (p<0.001) but not PU value (p>0.05), while SSD negatively correlated with both RMS and CoV (p<0.05). These findings suggest that HSP is more closely related to neuromuscular control abnormalities and shoulder joint instability than to microcirculatory dysfunction, emphasizing the need for targeted neuromuscular rehabilitation in treating HSP.

BACKGROUND:Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) multi-dimensionally affects the rehabilitation process of stroke survivors. Although previous literature has explored post-stroke functional recovery, empirical qualitative investigations into the authentic rehabilitation experiences and deep care needs of this specific population during hospitalisation remain to be further elucidated. OBJECTIVE:Guided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework, this study aimed to explore the rehabilitation experiences and multidimensional needs of hospitalised stroke patients with HSP, with a view to informing the development of comprehensive, evidence-based clinical rehabilitation support pathways. METHODS:A descriptive phenomenological qualitative research approach was employed. Purposive sampling was used to select 12 stroke inpatients with HSP for semi-structured in-depth interviews to systematically investigate their lived experiences and care demands during the rehabilitation cycle. The interview data were analyzed and thematic structures were extracted using Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological analysis method. RESULTS:The qualitative analysis revealed that HSP exerted multi-dimensional negative impacts on stroke patients, including physical function limitations, a lack of rehabilitation knowledge, negative emotional distress, restricted social participation, and heavy economic pressure. Consequently, four core domains of rehabilitation needs during hospitalisation were identified: symptom management and psychological support, rehabilitation training and functional reshaping support, comprehensive environmental and social resource support, and patient-oriented health empowerment. CONCLUSION:Confirming the bio-psycho-social model of chronic pain, this study highlights that the negative consequences of HSP extend far beyond physical motor restrictions. To address these urgent needs, it is imperative to establish a patient-centred, nurse-coordinated multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaborative intervention model, in which targeted health empowerment and multidisciplinary symptom management serve as critical entry points to break the rehabilitation deadlock during hospitalisation.

Fine motor dysfunction of the hand severely impacts activities of daily living in stroke survivors. Accurate decoding of motion intentions from surface electromyography (sEMG) is critical for enabling survivors to participate actively in robot-assisted rehabilitation. Motion intention recognition methods using motor unit spike trains (MUSTs) derived from sEMG decomposition have demonstrated superior performance compared to conventional sEMG-based methods. However, these methods inadequately leverage the inherent spatiotemporal sparse coding efficiency of MUSTs and the full potential of sEMG decomposition remains underutilized in post-stroke populations. This study proposes a hand motion intention recognition framework integrating sEMG decomposition with a residual spiking neural network (Res-SNN). sEMG signals were recorded from 14 neurotypical individuals and 7 stroke survivors performing 35 fine hand and wrist movements. The performance of Res-SNN was evaluated separately in neurotypical and post-stroke cohorts, and compared with a traditional sEMG-based deep residual network (ResNet) and a MUST-based convolutional SNN (CSNN). Results indicate that Res-SNN achieved classification accuracies above 0.95 for both cohorts, significantly surpassing those of ResNet (neurotypical: $0.84\pm 0.08$ ; post-stroke: $0.90\pm 0.04$ ). While Res-SNN showed comparable accuracy to CSNN in neurotypical subjects ( $0.99\pm 0.01$ vs. $0.96\pm 0.08$ , ${P}={0}.{48}$ ), it substantially outperformed CSNN in stroke survivors ( $0.95\pm 0.03$ vs. $0.71\pm 0.16$ , ${P}\lt 0.001$ ). Moreover, Res-SNN exhibited low inference power consumption (5.41 mJ $\cdot $ s). By integrating sEMG decomposition with Res-SNN, this study provides a high-accuracy and energy-efficient solution for post-stroke intention recognition, advancing the application of neural decoding technologies and neuromorphic computing in human-machine interfaces.

Hemifacial Spasm is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent and rhythmic spasms of the facial muscles, significantly affecting the patient's quality of life. This condition can be classified into primary and secondary types; this article focuses on the characteristics of primary hemifacial spasm. Epidemiological studies indicate that the condition is more common in women, older adults, and individuals with posterior fossa stenosis or uneven blood flow dynamics, and is associated with gene expression related to demyelinating lesions.In terms of diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging can show the location of arterial or venous compression on the facial nerve on a macroscopic level and reveal white matter lesions on a microscopic level. Additionally, optimized electrophysiological techniques can determine the type of neural excitation disorder from both central and peripheral perspectives, thereby improving detection rates.There are numerous treatment options available. Although early oral medications may have limited effectiveness, botulinum toxin injections can provide temporary relief. Future considerations include balancing injection costs with long-term efficacy. Microvascular decompression remains the preferred treatment approach and can be further optimized with endoscopic techniques. For refractory cases, alternative therapies such as facial nerve massage, radiofrequency techniques, rhizotomy, or acupuncture may be considered.

《国际功能、残疾与健康分类(international classifica-tion of functioning,disability and health,ICF)》由世界卫生组织(WHO)在2001年发布[1],二十多年来,WHO 一直致力于ICF在全世界的临床应用,并根据各国反馈推出了 ICF的不同版本,包括了通用版(ICF generic set,ICF-GS)[2]、核心组合版(ICF core set,ICF-CS)[3]及康复组合版(ICF re-habilitation set,ICF-RS)[4].

Objective: To quantify the agreement between functional assessments by a single rater and a team using the Chinese version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Rehabilitation Set in a clinical situation. Design: Inter-rater, multi-centre agreement study. Subjects: A total of 193 adult inpatients admitted to 5 rehabilitation centres at 5 hospitals in China Methods: The Chinese version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Rehabilitation Set was used by either a single rater or a team to assess 193 patients at 5 Chinese hospitals. Percentage of agreement and quadratic-weighted kappa coefficients were computed. Evaluation times were compared with paired t-tests. Results: The mean team and individual evaluation times were not significantly different. The percentage of agreement ranged from 46.1% to 94.2% depending on the item, and the quadratic-weighted kappas ranged from 0.43 to 0.92. Eight categories (26.6%) showed a weighted kappa exceeding 0.4, 11 others (36.7%) exceeded 0.6, and another 11 (36.7%) produced kappas of more than 0.8. Conclusion: Either a single rater or a team of raters can produce valid and consistent ratings when using the Chinese version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Rehabilitation Set to assess patients in a rehabilitation department. The team rating approach is suitable for clinical application.

肩痛在临床发病率高,与肩部结构稳定性和肩部神经肌肉功能控制障碍有关,而表面肌电图(sEMG)能客观量化局部神经肌肉的功能状态,对肩痛患者的康复评定和治疗有重要的应用价值.sEMG可以在一定程度上反映肌肉活动水平及功能状态,作为临床常用的一种评估手段,其分析方法多样,且均具有无创性、客观性、实时性和多靶点等优点,对于肩痛的康复评定与治疗有积极意义,能较直观地表现肌肉功能的变化情况,已经成为康复医学研究的一个重要领域.随着研究的深入,sEMG将能精确量化神经肌肉的功能状态,故建立标准化、规范化的检测方式和构建功能评价标准成为未来研究的重要方向.

Background:Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) is a common symptom for post-stroke patients, which has a severely adverse impact on their rehabilitation outcomes. However, the cause of HSP has not been clearly identified due to its complicated multifactorial etiologies. As possible causes of HSP, the abnormality of both muscular electrical activity and blood perfusion remains lack of investigations. Objective:This study aimed to analyze the alteration of muscular electrical activity and blood perfusion of upper extremity in patients with HSP by using surface electromyography (sEMG) and laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) measurement techniques, which may provide some insight into the etiology of HSP. Methods:In this observational and cross-sectional study, three groups of participants were recruited. They were hemiplegic patients with shoulder pain (HSP group), hemiplegic patients without shoulder pain (HNSP group), and healthy participants (Healthy group). The sEMG data and blood perfusion data were collected from all the subjects and used to compute three different physiological measures, the root-mean-square (RMS) and median-frequency (MDF) parameters of sEMG recordings, and the perfusion unit (PU) parameter of blood perfusion imaging. Results:The RMS parameter of sEMG showed significant difference (p < 0.05) in the affected side between HSP, HNSP, and Healthy groups. The MDF parameter of sEMG and PU parameter of blood perfusion showed no significant difference in both sides among the three groups (p > 0.05). The RMS parameter of sEMG showed a statistically significant correlation with the pain intensity (r = -0.691, p =0.012). Conclusion:This study indicated that the muscular electrical activity of upper extremity had a correlation with the presence of HSP, and the blood perfusion seemed to be no such correlation. The findings of the study suggested an alternative way to explore the mechanism and treatment of HSP.

近年来,国内围绕国际功能、残疾和健康分类(Interna-tional Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health,ICF)临床应用方面的研究逐年增多[1-3],而《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)专家共识》的发表[4],又推动了 ICF及其核心组合如康复组合(ICF rehabilitation set,ICF-RS)的临床应用及标准的编制[5-6].本文仅就ICF及ICF-RS在国内的应用作一介绍,旨在进一步推动ICF及ICF-RS在国内临床的应用及研究.

目的:观察痉挛肌牵伸模式下的电针拮抗法治疗脑卒中足下垂患者的临床疗效.方法:选取病程≤3个月的首次脑卒中偏瘫患者40例,随机分成对照组和观察组各20例.2组均给予常规康复治疗,在此基础上,对照组给予常规电针拮抗法,观察组则给予痉挛肌牵伸模式下的"电针拮抗法",疗程为3周.利用下肢简式Fugl-Meyer运动评分量表(FMA)、改良Ashworth痉挛评定量表(MAS)及表面肌电(iEMG)技术分别评估患者的患侧下肢运动功能、小腿三头肌痉挛程度及踝背屈时胫骨前肌与小腿三头肌的协同收缩率(CR).结果:治疗后2组FMA评分较治疗前均有明显提高(P＜0.01),MAS分级优于治疗前(P＜0.01);与对照组比较,观察组的FMA评分提高则更为显著(P＜0.05),观察组MAS分级更优于对照组(P＜0.05).治疗后,2组患者胫骨前肌和小腿三头肌iEMG均高于治疗前(均P＜0.05)、踝背屈CR低于治疗前(均P＜0.05),治疗后观察组患者胫骨前肌和小腿三头肌iEMG均高于对照组(均P＜0.05)、踝背屈CR低于对照组(均P＜0.05).结论:痉挛肌牵伸模式下的电针拮抗法治疗能有效地降低小腿三头肌张力,改善脑卒中偏瘫患者踝背屈功能,促进下肢运动的改善.

Objective: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common structural spinal deformity and is typically associated with altered muscle properties. However, it is still unclear how muscle activities and the underlying neuromuscular control are changed in the entire scoliotic zone, restricting the corresponding pathology investigation and treatment enhancements. Methods: High-density electromyogram (HD-EMG) was utilized to explore the neuromuscular synergy of back muscle activities. For each of ten AIS patients and ten healthy subjects for comparison, an HD-EMG array was placed on their back from T8 to L4 to record EMG signals when performing five spinal motions (flexion/extension, lateral bending, axial rotation, siting, and standing). From the HD-EMG recordings, muscle synergies were extracted using the non-negative matrix factorization method and the topographical maps of EMG root-mean-square were constructed. Results: For both the AIS and healthy subjects, the experimental results indicated that two muscle synergy groups could explain over 90% of recorded muscle activities for all five motions. During flexion/extension, the patients presented statistically significant higher activations on the convex side in the entire root-mean-square maps and synergy vector maps (p < 0.05). During lateral bending and axial rotation, the patients exhibited less activated muscles on the dominant actuating side relative to the contralateral side and their synergy vector maps showed a less homogenous and more diffuse distribution of muscle contraction with statistically different centers of gravity. Conclusion: The findings suggest a scoliotic spine might adopt an altered modular muscular coordination strategy to actuate different dominant muscles as adapted compensations for the deformation.

《国际功能、残疾和健康分类》(International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health,ICF),自2001年由世界卫生组织(WHO)颁布至今已近二十年,但我国大多数康复专业人员对ICF临床应用仍较为模糊.因此,探索ICF中国应用模式并加以推广应用具有重要意义.本ICF专家共识通过广泛征求专家意见并经反复讨论,分别从ICD到ICF的变革、ICF到ICF康复组合的演变、ICF类目在临床评估过程中的量化、ICF的临床应用模式、ICF数据平台的构建、ICF权重体系的构建等角度提出了ICF临床应用的专家共识,为ICF在国内临床康复中更好地应用提供了借鉴.

Objective. This study aimed to use multidimensional musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging technique to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on shoulder subluxation in poststroke patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain. Methods. In this prospective single-blind, randomized, sham-controlled study, thirty-four patients with shoulder subluxation and hemiplegic shoulder pain were recruited and randomly assigned into the EA group or the sham EA (SEA) group. In the EA group, EA was applied to the Jian yu (LI15), Bi nao (LI14), Jian zhen (SI9), and Jian liao (TE14) acupoints. In the SEA group, the EA was applied 15 mm away from the Lou gu (SP7), Di ji (SP8), Jiao xin (KI8), and Zhu bin (KI9) acupoints. Both groups underwent treatment 30 minutes/day, five days a week, for two weeks using dense waves with a frequency of 2/100 Hz. A Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment in reducing shoulder pain. Musculoskeletal ultrasound was used to evaluate the changes of measures of shoulder subluxation in multidimensions (i.e., the acromiohumeral distance, AHD; acromion-greater tuberosity, AGT; and acromion-lesser tuberosity, ALT). Both the within- and between-groups treatment effects were assessed. Results. The pain intensity measured by VAS and shoulder subluxation measured by musculoskeletal ultrasound (i.e., AHD, AGT, and ALT) showed significant (p<0.05) within-group difference in both groups. The between-group difference appeared in the pain intensity (p<0.05), while it disappeared in the three measures of shoulder subluxation (p>0.05). Conclusions. Using VAS for measuring pain intensity and multidimensional musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging technique for measuring shoulder subluxation, this study finds that the hemiplegic shoulder pain can be improved significantly by the EA while the shoulder subluxation cannot be. Our findings further reveal the analgesic mechanism of EA on hemiplegic shoulder pain following stroke.

目的:探讨ICF康复组合(ICF-RS)作为功能评价工具应用于岭南地区住院脑卒中患者的适用性,并了解脑卒中患者的身体功能、活动、参与三个维度的功能状况.方法:采用多中心研究的方式,选取岭南地区8所医院,按照统一的诊断标准对2019年9月-2020年8月期间住院康复的134例脑卒中患者(包括脑梗死、脑出血)采集人口学资料并评定其功能状况.资料的采集及功能测评工具为本课题组前期基于ICF-RS量化标准开发的ICF-RS APP.结果:脑卒中患者身体功能状况较差的类目为b455运动和耐受能力、b640性功能、b130能量和驱动能力,活动功能状况较差的类目为d455到处移动、d240控制应激和其他心理需求、d640做家务,参与功能状况较差的类目为d660帮助别人、d470利用交通工具、d920娱乐和休闲;通过对比三个维度限定值的频数分布情况发现,身体功能、活动、参与三个维度的功能障碍严重程度逐渐加重;照顾人类型不同对脑卒中患者功能状况的影响尚需进一步验证.结论:ICF-RS可用于临床多中心评价脑卒中患者的功能,且能够从身体功能、活动、参与三个维度反映患者的功能状况.

针灸镇痛机制十分复杂,是多种因素相互作用的整合过程,与微循环密切相关.血流动力学变化反映了生物组织代谢与生理功能的状态,临床上可通过测量局部组织血流动力学来反应其微循环功能状态.本文整理概括针灸镇痛改善微循环的血流成像技术,从电子显微学技术、超声多普勒成像、激光多普勒成像、激光散斑成像、近红外光成像技术方面进行分析,总结出针灸镇痛与微循环的关系以及上述检测技术的应用价值.

偏瘫肩痛是脑卒中常见并发症之一,其病因复杂,治疗繁多,临床上有时难以选择准确治法,从而影响偏瘫肩痛的治疗效果.为了清晰地梳理偏瘫肩痛病因及治疗方法,通过检索PubMed、Springer、中国知网、万方等数据库,发现偏瘫肩痛病因主要有早期肌力降低和后期肌张力增高、肩关节半脱位、肩部软组织炎症及损伤、不适当运动损伤、未进行良肢位摆放、神经源性疼痛及心理因素等,治疗方法包括局部药物注射、物理治疗、运动治疗、肌内效胶贴、矫形器、针灸等.通过总结,为临床治疗偏瘫肩痛提供部分思路,加快患者康复进程.

Hypoxia is a common pathological process caused by insufficient oxygen. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been proven to participate in this pathology. Hypoxia is reported to significantly reduce the secretion of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) and TIMP2 induces pheochromocytoma-12 (PC12) cell cycle arrest. Thus, our study aimed to explore the mechanism by which lncRNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) was implicated in hypoxia-induced PC12 cell injury through TIMP2 promoter methylation. To elucidate the potential biological significance of MEG3 and the regulatory mechanism between MEG3 and TIMP2, a hypoxia-induced PC12 cell injury model was generated. The hypoxia-exposed cells were subjected to a series of overexpression plasmids and short hairpin RNAs, followed by the measurement of levels of MEG3, TIMP2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), reactive oxygen species (ROS), Bcl-2-associated X protein, B-cell lymphoma-2, and caspase-3, as well as the changes in MMP, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression. On the basis of the findings, MEG3 was upregulated in hypoxia-injured PC12 cells. MEG3 recruited methylation proteins DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and MBD1 and accelerated TIMP2 promoter methylation, which in turn inhibited its expression. Moreover, PC12 cells following MEG3 silencing and TIMP2 overexpression exhibited significantly decreased levels of LDH, MDA, and ROS along with cell apoptosis, yet increased SOD and MMP levels, as well as cell cycle entry to the S phase and cell proliferation. In conclusion, MEG3 silencing suppresses hypoxia-induced PC12 cell injury by inhibiting TIMP2 promoter methylation. This study may provide novel therapeutic targets for hypoxia-induced injury.