Shenzhen Local standard DB4403/T 253-2022 "Guidelines for Community Creation of Comprehensive Disaster Reduction" were officially implemented on September 1, 2022.The standard makes clear requirements for the community to carry out comprehensive disaster reduction work within the scope of Shenzhen, standardizes the creation content of 33 sub-categories in 7 categories, including organization and management, team construction, risk management, preparation and drill of plan, emergency support, publicity and education, and construction of highlights, and 13 basic work requirements.80 assessment indicators were detailed and 100 points were set, which effectively promoted the standardization and construction of the system and mechanism of comprehensive disaster reduction at the grassroots level in Shenzhen.

Emergency shelters are used to protect the public from typhoons, torrential rains, floods, earthquakes, epidemics and other major emergencies.As an important part of disaster prevention, reduction and relief work, the construction and management of emergency shelter places put forward higher requirements in the development of modern cities.This paper analyzes the new ideas of the development of the new era on the planning principles of emergency shelters, the new requirements of the rapid urbanization process on the management of emergency shelters, and the new challenges of the complexity of disasters and accidents to the construction of emergency shelters, taking Shenzhen City as an example, the paper comprehensively and systematically introduces the characteristics of disasters in Shenzhen City, construction contents and management experiences of indoor and outdoor emergency shelters, etc.This paper summarizes important construction contents and the management mechanism of indoor and outdoor emergency shelters in Shenzhen, in order to provide useful reference for the planning, construction and management of modern urban emergency shelters.

现代社会生产经营活动活跃,人员高度密集,各类突发事件频繁发生,一旦发生台风、火灾、踩踏、暴恐等突发事件,将造成难以估量的灾难性后果和舆论影响,人员紧急疏散是将受灾人员撤离到安全区域最科学、高效的方式.通过对超高层建筑人员紧急疏散策略研究,开展相应的测试演练工作,优化人员紧急疏散流程,提升应对突发事件的人员紧急疏散能力以及有关队伍的协同应急能力,为人员紧急疏散、演练、应急救援等提供理论参考依据.

引言 "十四五"时期是我国推进应急管理体系和能力现代化的关键时期,作为应急管理体系和能力现代化建设的重要组成部分,应急物资保障工作面临新形势、新任务与新挑战.

The environmentally friendly degradation of and energy recovery from oily sludge is a common concern in both research and industry.In this study, industrial oily sludge was collected after wastewater treatment by oil storage corporations.First, the physical and chemical properties of the samples were observed.Then, samples were analyzed using thermogravimetry-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry under air atmosphere and under nitrogen atmosphere.The characteristics of the residue after thermal decomposition were determined through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectrometry.The results revealed that the thermal degradation of oily sludge is divided into three steps under nitrogen atmosphere but four steps under air atmosphere.Moreover, thermal decomposition was mainly exothermic under nitrogen atmosphere but endothermic under air atmosphere.The mass loss of oily sludge was greater under air atmosphere.The final residue was 26.6% under an air atmosphere, which was lower than the 35.8% observed under nitrogen atmosphere.The gaseous products of oily sludge included gaseous fuels under nitrogen atmosphere but were only combustion products under air atmosphere.In both atmospheres, the solid products remaining in the residue were the metallic elements Fe, Al, Mg, Na, and Ca, which can be reused in desulfurization applications.

背景和意义 2019年6月10日,广东省河源市连平县遭受强暴雨袭击,最大2小时降雨量达136.9mm,大席河在短短2小时内水位暴涨5.24m,刷新全省水文记录,是连平县有史以来最严重的洪涝灾害.这次特大暴雨强度大、范围广、持续时间长、险情多、洪涝水毁严重,全县13个乡镇均不同程度受灾,其中上坪、内莞、元善、陂头4个镇27个村受灾最为惨重.据统计,在此次洪灾中全县受灾人口 5.92万人,因灾死亡11人,全县直接经济损失达12.47亿元.

为研究大尺寸、全场景下LNG船舶卸货作业过程中的泄漏爆炸风险,构建某LNG接收站及其周边20.5 km2的区域场景模型,采用FLACS软件数值模拟LNG泄漏扩散、气云爆炸的演化过程.结果表明:LNG从卸料臂处以满输速率持续泄漏5 min,最大液池面积17 047 m2,最大汽化速率350 kg/m3,遇点火源发生气云爆炸,爆炸持续时间12 s,产生最高爆炸火球340 m和最大爆炸超压0.25 MPa,形成半径380 m轻伤区、150 m重伤区和60 m死亡区.

利用2015-01-2018-08的40景COSMO-SKyMed HIMAGE雷达影像,采用永久散射体合成孔径雷达干涉测量(permanent scatterers interferometric synthetic aperture radar,PS-InSAR)技术获得了深圳北站时序形变信息,并基于GIS空间分析方法进一步揭示了深圳北站表面位移的空间分布特征.根据InSAR遥感解译结果,结合深圳北站的工程建设背景,分析深圳北站表面位移的分布演化态势及其形变主导因素.结果表明,深圳北站东广场填土、填砂厚度以及土壤成分、力学性质发生了一定变化,造成缤果空间地基下沉,墙体出现裂缝,外在的高强度工程施工(汇德大厦)则进一步加剧了地面沉降.通过实地踏勘验证了InSAR监测结果的准确性,证实了高分辨率PS-InSAR技术在城市公共设施形变监测、管理维护方面的可行性.

Modern science and technology is a weapon against natural disasters. Shenzhen is a city of technology and innovation and we should endeavor to address flood control, drought relief and wind mitigation (named “three-prevention” in this context). In particular, we should vigorously promote the improvement of technology, and make use of modern information technologies such as big data, internet of things, cloud computing and artificial intelligence to create intelligent three-prevention system. This paper described in detail the characteristics and the construction status of the intelligent three-prevention system as well as the future development direction, in order to achieve the construction goals of the overall situation probing of the three-prevention, real-time decision-making assistance, flat command and control and urban resilience development. Since the intelligent three-prevention system’s launch in April 2020, it has started more than 20 times of emergency response against typhoon and flood. The whole process functions of front-end intelligent perception, fine dynamic simulation, real-time forecast and early warning, emergency command and post-disaster assessment have been preliminarily realized.

以满载33 t汽油槽车运输过程中因侧翻泄漏导致爆炸事故作为研究对象,采用FLACS软件数值模拟泄漏后的起火燃爆或形成可燃气云发生爆炸两种事故情景,对比分析事故后果.结果表明:在1 min泄漏33 t汽油情景下,形成的液池面积在泄漏后20 min时达到最大值8132 m2,挥发出可燃油气1.49 t,形成可燃气云9738.2 m3;燃爆过程持续9 s,形成最大超压3×105 Pa,造成最远40 m火球伤害和21 m超压轻伤;可燃气云爆炸过程持续17 s,形成最大超压8×105 Pa,造成最远166 m火球伤害和72 m超压轻伤.

水库边坡的形变一直是评估其稳定性的重要指标.以2013～2016年内COSMO-SkyMed系统采集的SAR数据为输入,利用PSP-InSAR技术对深圳市内大部分水库边坡开展了形变监测.在重点分析长岭皮水库坝体边坡形变的过程中,结合水位变化数据,建立了目标点随水位和时间变化的形变模型,成功分解出由水库水位变化导致的形变和水库自身沉降而引起的形变,并对水库不同坡面的形变分量进行了对比分析.相比于传统技术,In?SAR技术能在水库边坡及周边区域获取密集的监测点,能全面揭示水库及周边的形变信息,未来有能力为水库边坡的形变机理研究和稳定性分析提供基础数据支持.

It is very important to study the extreme weather variations,to define the threshold of extreme rainfall event and to evaluate the risk of internal water-logging for highly urbanizing areas in Southern China for improving the forecasting and early warning schemes in the command system,and dealing with the extreme rainstorms and water-logging disasters in the courses of climate change and rapid urbanization.Taking Shenzhen as an example,based on data collection of the rainstorm events in Shenzhen from 2000 to 2015 and the corresponding rainfall data from several sites,the fuzzy identification method and PCI were used to analyze the rainfall pattern and rainfall concentration in the region.Also,the Shenzhen extreme rainfall threshold has been analyzed and calculated using the percentile method.The results showed that the single-peak type rainfalls were main rainfall type which caused water-loggings of Shenzhen;the main cause of waterlogging was uniform heavy rainfall;the highest rainfall threshold was located in the Dapeng New Area and the spatial distribution of rainfall thresholds decreased from the east to the west;the extreme rainfall threshold of Shenzhen was the rainfall with frequency of 1％.

为了更好地解决城市发展进程中所面临的水问题，在实施最严格水资源管理制度试点建设的要求下，深圳市大力推进节水型社会建设，采用了较为完善的节水型社会建设方案，在政策上、管理过程中和宣传上注重全方位节水管理，为提升用水效率的取得了成功经验，对于其他城市有一定的借鉴作用。

该文以深圳市城市供水系统中的公明供水调蓄工程为例,对区域水资源的合理配置和高效利用展开研究.工程中公明水库被用作城市供水的储备水源,以防止连续枯水年份或发生水污染等严重事件对城市供水构成的巨大威胁.为此,充分考虑调蓄工程的供水运行特点,将调蓄工程中的水库群聚合为“虚拟水库”,并建立调蓄工程的引水与供水调度模型;调度模型以引水量最小和公明水库换水量最大为目标函数,采用多目标遗传算法NSGA-Ⅱ对引水与供水调度模型进行优化求解.在此基础上,采用模糊优选方法在Pareto优化解集空间中寻找满意解,并选择3个代表解对调蓄工程的供水进行模拟.对比与分析模拟计算结果,表明优化调度模型能够高效利用外流域引水资源和提高公明水库的水量交换.

Coastal flood regimes have been irreversibly altered by both climate change and human activities. This paper aims to quantify the impacts of multiple factors on delta flood. The Pearl River Delta (PRD), with dense river network and population, is one of the most developed coastal areas in China. The recorded extreme water level (m.s.l.) in flood season has been heavily interfered with by varied income flood flow, sea-level rise, and dredged riverbeds. A methodology, composed of a numerical model and the index R, has been developed to quantify the impacts of these driving factors in the the PRD. Results show that the flood level varied 4.29%–53.49% from the change of fluvial discharge, 3.35%–38.73% from riverbed dredging, and 0.12%–16.81% from sea-level rise. The variation of flood flow apparently takes the most effect and sea-level rise the least. In particular, dense river network intensifies the impact of income flood change and sea-level rise. Findings from this study help understand the causes of the the PRD flood regimes and provide theoretical support for flood protection in the delta region.

研究多约束条件下的水库供水调度规则。针对深圳市铁岗水库的供水调度运行特点，分析影响水库供水调度的约束条件。从工程自身特征、境外供水系统和片区储备库容要求等方面分析影响水库运行的水位节点，从而梳理得到铁岗水库的实际调度规则。从实际出发，以合理、简单、实用为目的，进行水库调度原则的制定。

A new classified real-time flood forecasting framework was presented. Firstly, the historical floods were classified by K-means cluster, according to the hydrological factors. Then rough set was used to extract operation rules for flood forecasting. Following, the conceptual hydrological model was constructed and Genetic Algorithm (GA) was used to calibrate the hydrological model parameters. In simulation, River A is taken as study example. The categories of parameters are selected in operation according to flood information and rules. The result is compared with traditional flood forecasting. It demonstrates the performance of classified framework is improved in terms of accuracy and reliability.

This paper applies a variable fuzzy set method based on entropy weight to construction of a framework of classified real-time flood forecasting using the concepts of clustering and classification. Fuzzy clustering was used to classify historical floods based on the flood antecedent impact factors and time-varying rainfall information. In the present study, this conceptual hydrological model was calibrated for each type of flood. In application, a fuzzy diagnosis model was used to identify the types of floods in future by using the flood information obtained. Results show that the classified framework gives a fast and accurate diagnosis of the type of flood and significantly improves the accuracy of flood forecasting.

选取深圳市宝安区作为研究对象，在分析影响城市供水水资源安全影响因素的基础上，从城市供水系统的水量、水质、应急能力三个方面建立宝安区水资源安全评估指标体系，进行供水安全分析与评价，根据评价过程和结果，指出影响城市供水安全的主要问题，针对水资源系统的薄弱环节提出相应的工程措施和管理措施，确保城市供水安全。