Objective:To perform a bibliometric analysis of research on artificial kidney for the purpose of exploring the status and trend of research in this field.Methods:From the web of science core collection (WoSCC), artificial kidney-related literature from 2000 to 2022 were taken as samples, and the CiteSpace and VOSviewer softwares were applied to statistically analyze the number of publications, as well as country, institution, author, journal, and key words, etc.Results:A total of 382 articles related to artificial kidney were obtained after screening and de-duplication. The United States was the country with the largest contribution, and University of Twente was the leading institution. Artificial Organs was the most active journal in this field. Claudio Ronco was the author with the highest number of publications and ranked first among co-cited authors. Wearable artificial kidney, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and bioartificial kidney were the keywords that appeared with high frequency. Adsorption and removal were the main burst key words.Conclusion:Annual publications related to artificial kidney have been increasing year by year for the last two decades. Wearable artificial kidney and bioartificial kidney were continuously popular research directions. The recent high interest in the function of artificial kidney to adsorb and remove metabolites suggested that it may be recent hotspots in this field.

目的 对比分别使用高浓度次氯酸钠与过氧乙酸消毒、每日夜间无消毒液浸泡,与低浓度次氯酸钠与过氧乙酸夜间浸泡消毒,2种不同消毒方式的有效性与安全性,分析夜间低浓度消毒液浸泡法用于中央透析液供应系统(central dialysis fluid delivery system,CDDS)消毒的优势.方法 2017年11月～2019年11月,中国人民解放军总医院第一医学中心CDDS系统分别使用2种不同消毒方式各12个月.对比2种消毒方式下,中央透析液供应系统不同采样点细菌、内毒素水平以及消毒液夜间浸泡中浓度变化情况,评价有效性.检测2种低浓度消毒剂冲洗至安全残留浓度的时间,评价该消毒方式的安全性.结果 与高浓度冲洗消毒相比,夜间低浓度浸泡消毒后透析液供给装置出口细菌菌落数(Z=-2.041,P=0.041)、内毒素(t=4.761,P=0.032)、系统管道末端细菌菌落数(Z=-2.178,P=0.029)、内毒素(t=5.405,P=0.027)均明显降低.2种消毒方式下透析机出口细菌水平(Z=-1.069,P=0.285)、内毒素水平(t=2.621,P=0.086)无统计学差异.经过夜间管道滞留,次氯酸酸钠有效浓度下降15.78％,过氧乙酸下降5.88％,浓度保持43mg/L,160mg/L;2种消毒液分别冲洗14min、16min后,残留浓度达安全水平.结论 夜间低浓度消毒液浸泡法用于中央透析液供应系统消毒安全、有效,可应用于临床.

人工肾发展源于肾脏替代治疗的研究,期待能造福尿毒症群体.其方向逐渐突破血液净化常规思维,迈向更全面、更多样的血液净化理念.本文介绍了多种便携式血液净化单元原理及多项研究成果,并详细介绍了细胞工程技术、芯片技术、3D打印技术及异种移植方面的人工肾研究最新进展.

Adsorption technology is one of the working principles of blood purification. It can be used independently or as a composite component of common materials for blood purification. It has been widely used in the adjuvant treatment of kidney diseases, as well as severe diseases besides nephrology such as autoimmune diseases and poisoning, etc. This article briefly reviewed the preparation requirements of adsorbent materials, currently commonly-used adsorbent materials, and related technologies.

With the continuous development of blood purification technology, the membrane material of dialyzer is one of the most important factors affecting the quality of dialysis. The exploration of membrane materials and preparation technology is an important part of the development of clinical blood purification technology. This paper introduced the history and clinical requirements of blood purification membrane materials, and summarized the main development direction: to improve the clinical outcome of patients with end-stage renal failure by increasing the removal of toxins of large molecular weight, improve biocompatibility, and reduce coagulation. A number of new membrane materials and their advantages were listed.

目的 探讨全自动预冲与手动生理盐水密闭式预冲法在血液透析管路预冲中洁净度的效果观察.方法 使用3种进口品牌的透析器在两种不同型号血液透析机上进行管路安装及预冲,观察组采用全自动超纯透析液预冲法,对照组采用手动生理盐水密闭式预冲法,两组分别预冲至500 ml、800 ml、1000 ml、1500 ml、2000 ml、2500 ml、3000 ml、3500 ml、4000 ml时用无热源试管采集预冲废液,采用酶标仪来检测预冲废液中的吸光度值和甘油残余量比较两种方法预冲中的洁净度.结果 两组预冲废液吸光度值与甘油残余量在预冲至500 ml时下降不明显,预冲至800 ml时,手动预冲法甘油残余量为326 mg/dl,全自动预冲甘油残留量为32 mg/dl,两组洁净度比值有明显差异(P＜0.05).结论 全自动预冲法相比手动生理盐水密闭式预冲法有更大的优越性,中央透析液供应系统(central dialysis delivery system,CDDS)中全自动预冲方式不仅洁净度高,而且可减轻医务人员负担,缩短准备预冲的操作时间,提高护士的工作效率.

目的 对比中央透析液供给系统(central dialysis fluid delivery system,CDDS)与普通透析机2种类型设备的透析液洁净度以及故障率,分析CDDS透析设备的临床应用优势与不足.方法 于2017年8月～2018年3月选择解放军总医院透析中心CDDS透析机GC-110N与贝朗德佳透析机各5台,对比2组透析机入口与出口处样本细菌、内毒素水平.回顾性分析解放军总医院2类透析设备各18台在2017年3月～2019年3月期间水路、电路以及其他故障的发生率. 结果 透析机入口采样点CDDS组透析机细菌、内毒素水平均低于普通组透析机(t值分别为11.215、6.468,P值分别为＜0.001,＜0.001).透析机出口采样点CDDS组透析机细菌、内毒素水平均低于普通组透析机(t值分别为9.154、5.490,P值分别为＜0.001,＜0.001).CDDS组透析机水路、电路以及其他故障的总计发生率均低于普通组透析机,差异有统计学意义(t=9.147,P=0.010). 结论 CDDS系统可提高透析液洁净度,降低透析设备故障率在临床应用中具有一定优势.

透析用集中供液系统(dialysis centralized liquid supply system,CDS)在临床上的使用比例逐年增高,国内的集中供液设备起步较晚,且仍未有相关的国家标准.目前国内各类集中供液系统在使用上各具优势与不足,本文介绍了目前国内中央浓缩液供应系统(central dialysis concentrate supply system,CCDS)与中央透析液供应系统(central dialysis fluid delivery system,CDDS)2大类透析用集中供液设备的基本原理,简述其使用现状,并展望了未来集中供液设备的发展趋势.