针对工程实际中玻璃钢内衬材料的脱黏分层损伤,预制不同类型脱黏缺陷,采用声振技术,结合HHT信号处理方法,以IMF2模式瞬时频谱为分析对象,发现时域波包其频率各异,为不同反射区域信号.根据三样条插值进行信号包络,由线性时差定位分析验证了三段式波包在时间序列上分别为激发信号、缺陷反射信号以及边界反射信号,定位精度较高,且缺陷反射信号频率为50 ～200kHz,相较于激发信号向高频偏移.

基于开发过程中饱和度、渗透率、分流率不断变化的特点,提出变周期水气交替注入(water alternating gas,WAG)气水比理论设计的概念.从油、气、水三相渗流力学原理出发,借助三相相对渗透率表征模型,建立各相饱和度与相对渗透率间的函数关系,得到各相饱和度与流度、气水比、流度偏离系数等相关参数的函数关系.流度偏离系数为引入的新参数,用于考察气水两相流动能力偏离水的流动能力幅度.采用枚举法,得到三相饱和度与气水比和流度偏离系数的关系图版,初步确定三相流动范围内气水比和流度偏离系数的取值范围.根据流度偏离系数和气水比关系曲线的特征点与含水饱和度之间的相互关系,最终确定变周期WAG气水比理论取值的合理范围.通过对实际区块气水比理论设计研究表明:合理气水比与含水饱和度是幂指数的函数关系;目标区块气水比的取值范围为0～34,流度偏离系数的取值范围为0～518.在中低含水阶段,建议WAG气水比理论设计数值为2;在中含水阶段,建议WAG气水比理论设计数值为1;在中高含水阶段,建议WAG气水比理论设计数值为0.5.该方法得到的变周期WAG气水比数值与数值模拟方法得到的结论相同,填补了变周期WAG气水比理论设计空白,对于完善变周期WAG其他参数的理论设计具有启发和借鉴作用.

The acoustic emission(AE)on-line monitoring tests of glass fiber reinforced plastic (FRP)specimens with fiber orientation of 0°,90°and ± 45°were carried out during tensile and bending mechanical damage.The results show that the fiber ply angle is the main factor for determing the mechanical properties and damage rules of FRP.The degree of grey relation between tensile force or bending force and amplitude can reach over 0.861.The signal amplitude and other parameters are used to judge the different damage stages of the specimen.There are obvious differences in waveform and spectrum between four typical AE signals produced by specimen damage.

With glass fiber composite material as the research object,the regularity of frequency variation of acoustic emission wave in glass reinforced plastics was studied,and it was found that acoustic emission wave attenuation frequencies collected from different locations of the acoustic emission sources were concentrated in different areas.According to the theory of modal acoustic emission that acoustic emission signal propagation characteristics are different in different frequency ranges,acoustic emission wave was filtered by different passband filters,and the linear relationship about its time difference to each sensor were analyzed for the purpose of comparison,and hence a precise method of extracting the acoustic emission wave arrival time was obtained and it was found that the error of the mode filtering was significantly lower than the traditional time.

针对大型储罐被动检测声发射信号弱的问题,根据声振法检测原理,选择常用的激励原材料(尼龙材料、不锈钢材料、塑料)对10 mm壁厚环氧树脂玻璃钢储罐进行主动敲击试验,筛选不锈钢作为最优激励源材料,设计了弹簧锤工装.利用设计工装对实验室玻璃钢储罐进行声振试验,对试验数据进行分析.结果表明:水平方向上的敲击信号传播速度最快且幅值衰减最小;随着方向角度增加,波速逐渐减小,幅值衰减速率逐渐增加;得到了声振信号波速传播模型、幅值衰减规律;总体上声振信号传播比被动声发射信号传播距离远,为玻璃钢储罐缺陷检测奠定了基础.

依据渗流理论与油藏工程方法,推导了低渗透油藏一源一汇开发时油藏任意位置的压力梯度计算式,并在考虑启动压力梯度随流度变化的基础上,给出了技术极限井距隐式计算式,分析了原油黏度、渗透率及径向孔长对技术极限井距的影响规律.研究结果表明:径向钻孔可以明显增加技术极限井距,且随着钻孔长度的增加,技术极限井距增大;原油黏度越大,径向钻孔技术极限井距越小;渗透率越大,技术极限井距越大.将技术极限井距应用于胜利油田某低渗透油藏的径向钻孔作业,油井采油能力提高为原来的2.50倍,注水井注水能力提高为原来的1.75～30.00倍,取得了显著的效果,验证了极限井距计算方法的正确性与实用性.该研究对于注采系统实现有效驱替具有重要意义.

Attenuation and speed law of acoustic emission signal in composite materials were analyzed through breaking the pencil lead to simulate acoustic emission signals in glass fiber composite material plate.The polynomial of propagation speed was got based on the measured result by fitting.The signal propagation velocity of any angle can be got through the polynomial of wave-direction of propagation.And the polynomial was verified by lead positioning test that the position error with the speed calculated by the polynomial was less than three percent,which laid a foundation for the research of acoustic emission source localization period of glass fiber reinforced plastic.

Old oilfields in China have successively entered into middle to late stage of oil production.Because the oil fields have entered into ultrahigh water cut production period,resulting in water out extent and thickness increased respectively and residual oil decreased as well as residual oil distribution scattered,which makes the oil fields development become more difficult.Meanwhile,the different geological factors have also been changed by water flood for so long term.The development area of water injection is now facing great challenge in producing more oil and less water.Therefore,it is necessary to accomplish water injection with fine layer classification to develop more residual oil,control water cut rise and reduce decline rate of water drive.On the basis of the effect of water absorption in water-wet reservoir,by means of force analysis,using Darcy's Law,the formulae of the whole water driving oil course about unit volume injected water seepage velocity formula of formation direction and vertical migration were deduced first.The formulae clarify the absorbing mechanism of sand stonein different development stages,and provides a theoretical basis for injection potential evaluation in water driving oil reservoir.The research results show the main control factors of subdivided injection have to do with absolute permeability,water phase relative permeability,injected water viscosity,hydrodynamic pressure gradient,injection start-up pressure gradient,dip,water saturation,Oil/water density difference,etc.Combining with field practice,the main control factors of subdivided injection were sift out.Using reservoir numerical simulation technology and mathematical statistics method,the influence law of different factors influencing water absorption effect were carried out.Finally,the results obtained a rational policy limitation of Subdivision Water Injection Technique,which apply to Complex Fault Block Reservoirs of Dongxin,Xianhe,and Linpan Oilfiled.The technology policy limitations include the permeability variation coefficientand Less than 0.3 and the Oil-bearing belt width differential Less than 2.5 in a certain water injection interval.At the Same time,the sandstone thickness is less than 6 m,the layer number is less than 4 in Dongxin fault block oil reservoir,the sandstone thickness is less than 5 m,the layer number is less than 5 in Xianhe fault block oil reservoir,the sandstone thickness is less than 6 m,the layer number is less than 6 in Linpan fault block oil reservoir.The field application indicates that the technology policy limitation is reasonable and practical.The research result has guide importance to water injection,water injection enough,and well water injectionduring the fine water injection work,and provides the technical support for high-efficient developing multi-layer fault block oil reservoir in Shengli Oil Field.At the same time,The research has certain reference significance to similar reservoir.

低渗透储层由于岩性致密、渗流阻力大、压力传导能力差,导致开发过程中地层压力下降快、下降幅度大,从而造成岩石骨架变形而影响其物性和渗流能力.这种变化必然会影响到油气井的产能和油气田的开发效果.作为评价油气田开发效果的重要参数驱油效率一直是油藏工作者研究的热点问题,多年来对驱油效率影响因素的研究主要集中在岩石固有性质(润湿性、孔隙结构)、流动介质(油水黏度比)、动力条件(驱替压力梯度及速度)等方面,遗憾的是未见到考虑地层压力保持水平因素的研究.通过室内流动实验,模拟再现了地层压力下降过程,研究了低渗透油气藏不同地层压力保持水平条件下驱油效率的变化规律.结果表明,水驱驱油效率是地层压力保持水平、储层岩石初始空气渗透率的函数,随着地层压力保持水平、储层岩石初始空气渗透率的下降而单调下降,表现出应力敏感性特征,且地层压力下降幅度相同时,储层岩石初始空气渗透率越低,水驱驱油效率降幅越大,驱油效率的应力敏感程度越强.分析认为储层岩石的弹塑性变形是驱油效率应力敏感性的根本原因,因而提出了储层岩石初始渗透率越低,越应尽早注水保持地层压力开发的低渗透油气藏开发理念,为高效开发低渗透率油气藏提供了理论依据.

将系统工程领域的层次分析法（ AHP ）应用于地震储层预测中。按照层次分析法递阶层次原理，结合春风油田P609井区实际地质情况，在波阻抗反演、地震多属性分析和断层裂缝预测等基础上，确定出储层预测四级层次结构，即基础数据层、方案层、准则层和目的层。实际应用中，研究区16口井中有14口井的AHP 预测结果与录井结果一致，应用效果较好。该方法将有利储层预测这一较复杂的问题分解为若干个次级物理意义和地质意义较明确的问题，从而达到了更好、更全面分析储层的目的。该研究方法对研究区后续开发有指导意义，对国内其他类似区块有借鉴作用。

油水渗流规律的研究是低渗透油藏水驱开发的关键.相对渗透率曲线能直观反映油水渗流特征,其影响因素研究主要涉及岩石固有性质(润湿性、孔隙结构)、流动介质(油水粘度比)、动力条件(驱替压力梯度及速度)等方面,极少见到地层压力对相对渗透率曲线影响的研究.通过室内流动实验,模拟低渗透油藏地层压力下降过程,建立了不同地层压力保持水平下的相对渗透率曲线,分析了地层压力保持水平对油水渗流特征的影响规律.结果表明,地层压力保持水平下降,孔隙结构非均质性增强,油相相对渗透率下降,水相相对渗透率上升,等渗点左移,油水两相区变窄,残余油饱和度增加,即低渗透油藏渗流规律也存在着应力敏感性特征.分析认为,储层岩石弹性或塑性变形是低渗透油藏油水渗流特征应力敏感性的根本原因,因而提出了储层岩石初始渗透率越低,越应尽早注水保持地层压力开发的低渗透油藏效益开发理念.

针对准噶尔盆地西缘春风油田薄浅层超稠油油层单一、多轮次水平井蒸汽吞吐后产量快速递减的情况,开展了水平井蒸汽驱开发先导试验.在对油藏特征、有利因素、不利因素分析基础上,从蒸汽驱方案要点、数值模拟优化、高干度注汽、泵提液技术、气窜封堵技术等方面对先导试验进行系统的全面研究.研究表明,水平井蒸汽驱开发先导试验可有效提高春风油田薄浅层超稠油开采效果,为春风油田水平井蒸汽驱开发提供了有利的技术支持.

滩坝砂油藏是一类特殊的低渗透薄互层油藏,储层埋深大、横向变化快、地震资料纵向分辨率低,用常规方法很难实现精细解释.本文对滩坝砂储层地震解释中存在的主要问题进行了分析,在此基础上,集中研究了基于希尔伯特-黄变换(HHT)的滩坝砂储层拓频、基于三参数小波的滩坝砂薄互层检测、能量半时特色属性分析、古地貌与地震属性融合显示这4项对策.研究结果表明:①基于HHT的拓频方法,能较好地展宽目标层频带,增强滩坝砂弱信号的能量；②以三参数小波为分析小波,可以较好地刻画滩坝砂薄互层的内部结构；③能量半时属性是整体描述滩坝砂储层的最佳属性；④将古地貌信息作为一种属性参与属性融合,是研究滩坝砂储层的一种特色技术,值得推广应用.

针对东辛油田套损严重问题，开展套损机理与预防措施研究。根据套损原因提出预防措施，如提高局部套管强度，提高固井质量，断层附近进行完井优化设计，合理控制注水压力。防止套管腐蚀等。结果表明。断层滑移、泥岩蠕变、腐蚀、套管设计不合理等是造成该油田套损的主要原因。所提出的预防措施在一定程度上为减缓东辛复杂断块油藏套管损坏提供了理论指导。

在长期的水驱过程中,受层间储层物性差异的影响,多层合采油藏层间动用状况差异大,层间矛盾突出.分层注水技术是改善特高含水期层间矛盾的有效方法,其成功的关键是根据各小层的储层物性和动用状况确定各层的配水量.为此,以层间均衡动用为目标,综合考虑储层物性和动用状况,利用Buckley-Leverett非活塞式水驱油理论,建立了注水井分层配水量的计算方法,并编制了计算程序.分析结果表明:层间配水量的差异受油层厚度、剩余油饱和度和调控时间等因素的综合影响；所计算的配水量在给定的调控时间内使各小层达到均衡驱替状态,能够满足分层注水井层间配注的要求.

本文从油藏地球化学角度出发,根据原油的色谱指纹等指标,对夏502块的连通性进行了研究。根据原油组成的相似程度高低,将油层横向连通性划分为四个等级,对开发井网部署和提高油藏注水开发效果有非常重要的意义。

Prediction model for production declining rules is established and considered as effects factor on production in the process of elastic energy development in high-pressure and low permeable and pressure-sensitive reservoir including open pressure,pressure-sensitive effect and dynamic output impedance of fracturing fracture flow conductivity.By using semi-analytic method and compiling relative simulation software,fast prediction for production declining rules is realized.Results show that,pressure at bottom lower,open pressure gradient lower and pressure-sensitive weaker will lead to fracture original flow conductivity larger,original production higher,formation pressure declining faster and production declining rate also faster.Then,8 wells in Liang Block 112 and 10 wells in Gao Block 89 in Boxing Sag are matched and predicted,achieving better results.

The upwarping phenomenon of water-flooding characteristic curves at high water-cut stage influenced the precise prediction of recoverable reserves and oil recovery. Based on the summary of relative permeability curve data of 235 medium-high permeability integrity sandstone reservoirs, the acquirement of typical relative permeability curves of various permeabilities and in combination with stream tube method, the calculation and analysis methods of the upwarping characteristics at the high water-cut stage of Type I and II water-flooding, characteristic curves were presented. Study indicates that the relationship between oil recovery is determined and the difference is linear in double logarithmic coordinate axis, if upwarping phenomenon of water-flooding curves at high water-cut stage is considered. Therefore quantitative correction method of water-flooding characteristic curve at high water-cut stage is proposed.

水平井作为一种高效的油气藏开发方式已得到广泛的应用。目前射孔完井仍然是水平井完井的主要方式,从经济角度考虑,常规的全水平段均匀射孔的完井方式增加了作业成本,同时也不利于近井地带流体渗流场的分布和获取油气最大产量。为此提出变孔密分段射孔的概念,以渗流理论和流体力学相关知识为基础,考虑地层流体和井筒流体相互耦合作用,推导出了水平井变孔密分段射孔的井筒压降模型,以获取最大产量和井筒最小压力损失为目标,优化水平段射孔长度,为水平井开发设计提供依据。

文章主要介绍了1010P便携式超声波流量计的工作原理、组成结构、技术指标、安装、功能特点以及在油田注水中的应用情况等.