Bovine endometritis negatively impairs fertility and milk production. Taurine maintains cellular integrity and exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. However, whether taurine can treat endometritis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate taurine’s effect on endometritis and explore its mechanism in vivo. Endometritis models were established in mice via intrauterine lipopolysaccharide (LPS) infusion, followed by 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg taurine treatment. Taurine attenuated inflammation by mitigating histopathological damage, suppressing uterine serum cytokine levels, and preserving tight-junction integrity. It ameliorated oxidative stress by reducing malondialdehyde content, restoring antioxidant activities, and recovering levels of oxidative-stress-related proteins. Apoptosis was alleviated by diminishing the apoptosis ratio and normalizing apoptosis-related proteins. 16S analysis revealed taurine restored uterine microbiota composition by reversing the changes in the abundances of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Nocardioides, Ruminococcus, and Acidibacter. The abundances of Muribacter and Rodentibacter were positively correlated with inflammation. The abundances of Akkermansia and Streptococcus were negatively correlated with inflammation. RNA sequencing showed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly related to immunity. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways were indicated as pivotal mechanisms for taurine’s therapeutic efficacy against endometritis with transcriptomic profiling analysis. This study confirms that taurine alleviates LPS-induced endometritis in mice by modulating PI3K–AKT, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling pathways, indicating its potential as a therapeutic agent for bovine endometritis.

Tight junctions (TJs) are the key determinant of barrier function in the mammary gland, with their disruption being associated with the pathogenesis and progression of mastitis, especially in the case of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection. This study investigated whether selenium (Se) could attenuate S. aureus-induced mastitis by inhibiting inflammation and protecting mammary gland TJs in mice. The expression profiles of S. aureus-infected gland tissues derived from the gene expression omnibus dataset were analyzed. We found cytokine production, cell junctions, the nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway, and inflammatory responses associated with the differentially expressed genes, as revealed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. Se reduced the mRNA expression and production of inflammatory cytokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and decreased phosphorylation levels of the NF-κB complex. Moreover, Se alleviated structural damage and microvillus injury in mammary glands. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Se increased the expression of Claudin-3; Western blot analysis revealed increased protein levels of Occludin and Tricellulin in the group supplemented with dietary Se. In summary, Se counteracted TJ disruption and attenuated NF-κB-mediated inflammatory responses in S. aureus-infected mouse mammary glands.

Lycium barbarums are traditionally used as a homology of medicinal plants in China with a potent role in metabolism and immunomodulation. The current study was performed to explore the attenuation effect and microbiota regulation of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (BLBP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestine damage in mice. A total of 70 mice were randomly divided into five groups; negative control (GA), LPS (GB), both treated with an equal volume of normal saline, and BLBP treatment groups GC (100 mg/kg), GD (200 mg/kg), and GE (400 mg/kg) via gavage for 19 days. On Day 19, mice in groups GB, GC, GD, and GE were treated with 10 mg/kg LPS for 24 h and euthanized to collect intestine samples for pathological examination and microbiota sequencing. The results showed a non-significant difference in body weight gain among the five mouse groups; however, mice in the GC and GE groups showed decreased weight gain. An H&E examination revealed that the integrity of intestinal villi was destroyed by LPS, while BLBP supplement alleviated intestinal damage with an increase in villus height and a decrease in crypt depth. A total of over 59,000, 40,000, 50,000, 45,000, and 55,000 raw sequences were found in groups GA, GB, GC, GD, and GE, respectively. LPS challenge decreased alpha diversity indexes significantly ( p < 0.05), while a non-significant difference was found between different BLBP treatment groups and the GA group. A total of 8 phyla and 13 genera were found among five mouse groups, and BLBP partly restored the bacterial abundance in mice. LPS changed 282 metabolic pathways in KEGG L2, 77 metabolic pathways in KEGG L3, and 205 metabolic pathways in MetaCyc, respectively. The BLBP-supplemented groups, especially GE, showed reverse effects on those metabolic pathways. The current study revealed that BLBP can effectively decrease intestinal damage through the regulation of intestinal microbiota, which may provide new insights for the prevention of intestinal disease using food and medicine homologous of Lycium ruthenicum .

Staphylococcus aureus is a critical pathogen causing serious mastitis with huge economic losses in bovines. To reveal drug-resistant genes, a complete genome sequence of a multi-drug-resistant bacterium S. aureus derived from bovine mastitic milk was performed via High-throughput sequencing. Results revealed that the genome length of current S. aureus was 2.85 Mbp consisting of 2656 coding sequence genes, 60 tRNA, 19 rRNA, and 5 genomic islands. Functional annotation of S. aureus encoded proteins showed that 2090 (COG), 1586 (KEGG), 1600 (GO), 2648 (Refseq), 2300 (Pfam), 964 (SwissProt), and 1826 (TIGRFAMs) proteins were annotated. Antibiotic-resistant genes of tet, mepR, mepA, mgrA, norA, blaZ, arlS, arlR and LmrS in S. aureus genome were found via CARD annotation. More than 60 bacterial virulence factors including commonly known clfA, hla, hlb, fnbB, fnbA in S. aureus genome were uncovered through VFDB annotation. The current study may contribute towards effective treatment and developing new antibiotics against mastitis caused by S. aureus.

BACKGROUND:Yak (Bos grunniens) mainly inhabiting Tibet Plateau, displayed a high incidence of diarrhea due to harsh living environment and nutritional deficit. Gut microbial community has been reported to be closely related to many diseases including diabetes, obesity and inflammatory bowel disease, but information regarding diarrheic influence on gut microbiota in yaks remains scarce. Here, this study was performed to investigate the gut bacterial and fungal alternations of diarrheic yaks.RESULTS:Results revealed that the gut bacterial and fungal communities of diarrheic yaks showed a distinct decline in alpha diversity, accompanied by significant shifts in taxonomic compositions. Specifically, diarrhea caused a distinct increase in the relative abundance of 1 phylum and 8 genera as well as a distinct decrease in 3 phyla and 30 genera. Fungal taxonomic analysis indicated that the relative richness of 1 phylum and 2 genera dramatically increased, whereas the relative richness of 2 phylum and 43 genera significantly decreased during diarrhea. Surprisingly, 2 bacterial genera and 5 fungal genera even cannot be detected in the gut microbiota of diarrheic yaks.CONCLUSIONS:In summary, this study indicated that the gut bacterial and fungal compositions and diversities of yaks altered significantly during diarrhea. Moreover, these findings also contribute to understanding the gut microbial composition and diversity of yaks and developing strategies to alleviate and prevent diarrhea from gut microbial perspective.

Staphylococcus aureus is a leading source of foodborne poisoning in the human population also critically severe mastitis in livestock. A total of 671 serum samples were collected and tested through ELISA assays. The results revealed that the total prevalence of S. aureus infection in dairy cattle was 29.1% (95% CI: 25.6-32.7). In different farms, the prevalence ranged from 13.9% (95% CI: 8.8-20.5) to 36.6% (30.4-43.2). Similarly, the mean sero-prevalence was 17.0% (13.1-21.4) and 41.6% (36.3-47.2) in male and female animals, respectively. However, at different ages, the mean prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was found to be 14.3% (7.4-24.1) to 38.5% (30.8-46.6). Although in different years, the sero-prevalence was 27.5% (22.2-33.4) in 2019, 19.6% (13.7-26.7) in 2020 and 36.5% (30.6-42.7) in 2021. According to conditional stepwise logistic regression analysis, different farms, gender, age and year were observed as the critical risk factors affecting the prevalence. Our results may contribute to development of prevention and control strategies against this zoonotic pathogen in farm animals in this region.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of selenium (Se) on the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 and pyrin domain-containing protein (NLRP)3 inflammasome in macrophages infected by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with 2 μmol/L Na2SeO3 for 12 h before infection with S. aureus for 2 h. Through Western blot, qRT-PCR, and ELISA analysis, the core molecules of TLR2 signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW 264.7 macrophages were detected. Results showed that Se significantly reduced the elevated mRNA expression of TLR2, myeloid differentiation factor-88 (Myd88), NLRP3, Caspase-recruitment domain (ASC), and Caspase-1 induced by S. aureus. Furthermore, compared with I group, the protein expression of TLR2, Myd88, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1 were suppressed in T group. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) induced by S. aureus were also decreased after Se treatment. In conclusion, Se inhibits S. aureus-induced inflammation by suppressing the activation of the TLR2 signaling pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome in RAW 264.7 macrophages.

Mastitis is an economically important disease in the dairy industry, which is caused by various infectious pathogens. There is limited information known about the situation of drug resistance and virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in mastitis bovine milk in Anhui. Therefore, a total of 125 fresh milk samples from clinically mastitis-positive bovine animals were collected. The bacteria pathogens were identified via bacterial culture, Gram staining, biochemical analysis, DNA extraction, 16s rRNA amplification, and phylogenetic analysis. Drug resistance analyses were performed through drug-resistant genes and virulence genes amplification. Results showed that a total of 24.8% (31/125) bacterial isolates were isolated and identified as S. aureus by Gram straining, biochemical reactions, and 16 s rRNA genes blasting. Multiple sequence alignment analysis found that the current isolates were highly similar (96.9–100.0%) to previous isolates. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that S. aureus was similar with MK809241.1 isolated from food in China and wCP030426.1 isolated from a person in the United States. The bacterial isolates were detected resistant to 11 antibiotics, such as Penicillin G, SXT, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Polymyxin B, Levofloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Clindamycin, Clarithromycin, Erythromycin, and Spectinomycin. Drug-resistant genes of blaZ, ermC, rpoB, and ant (4')-la were successfully amplified. Virulence genes of hla, nuc, clfa, and eta were found in S. aureus bacteria. The current study isolated S. aureus from milk samples and revealed its drug-resistant situation, drug-resistant genes, and virulence genes. Hence, regular monitoring of S. aureus in milk samples from dairy cows may contribute to the prevention and treatment of public health concerns causing bacteria in this region.

Background Lucerne is a perennial legume forage, which can produce multiple cuts in 1 year. Microelements play fundamental roles in the function, maintenance and adaptation to the environment for lucerne growth. However, the role of the accumulation of copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn), which vary with lucerne ages or cuts, has not been previously determined. Therefore, a hypothesis on the Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in lucerne varying with age and cut was tested. Methods A total of 11, 8, 5, 4 and 1 year old lucerne (Medicago sativa Longdong) were selected as the material (until 2012 year), and samples were taken as three cuts at the cutting periods (early flowering stage) in 2012. Then, the contents and yields of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in lucerne were measured and calculated. Results The highest contents of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn in lucerne were found in the 1 year old among the five ages, at the 3rd cut compared to the other two cuts, and in the leaf among the three organs. The highest yields of Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were found in the older ages (11 and 8 years old), at the 3rd cut, and in the root among the three organs. The most positive correlations were found between contents, yields and biomass. Conclusions The hypothesis was supported by the results. And the contents and yields of lucerne Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were affected by the age, cut and organ. Furthermore, the yields of lucerne Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn were determined by their contents and lucerne biomass.

This study was conducted to examine the effect of active dry yeast (ADY) supplementation on lactation performance, ruminal fermentation patterns, and CH4 emissions and to determine an optimal ADY dose. Sixty Holstein dairy cows in early lactation (52 ± 1.2 DIM) were used in a randomized complete design. Cows were blocked by parity (2.1 ± 0.2), milk production (35 ± 4.6 kg/d), and body weight (642 ± 53 kg) and assigned to 1 of 4 treatments. Cows were fed ADY at doses of 0, 10, 20, or 30 g/d per head for 91 d, with 84 d for adaptation and 7 d for sampling. Although dry matter intake was not affected by ADY supplementation, the yield of actual milk, 4% fat-corrected milk, milk fat yield, and feed efficiency increased quadratically with increasing ADY supplementation. Yields of milk protein and lactose increased linearly with increasing ADY doses, whereas milk urea nitrogen concentration and somatic cell count decreased quadratically. Ruminal pH and ammonia concentration were not affected by ADY supplementation, whereas ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acid increased quadratically. Digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, nonfiber carbohydrate, and crude protein increased quadratically with increasing ADY supplementation. Supplementation of ADY did not affect blood concentration of total protein, triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, whereas blood urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and nonesterified fatty acid concentrations decreased quadratically with increasing ADY supplementation. Methane production was not affected by ADY supplementation when expressed as grams per day or per kilogram of actual milk yield, dry matter intake, digested organic matter, and digested nonfiber carbohydrate, whereas a trend of linear and quadratic decrease of CH4 production was observed when expressed as grams per kilogram of fat-corrected milk and digested neutral detergent fiber. In conclusion, feeding ADY to early-lactating cows improved lactation performance by increasing nutrient digestibility. The optimal ADY dose should be 20 g/d per head.

Background It was confirmed that S. aureus infection activated the expression of NLRP3. As a major component of S. aureus cell wall, what about LTA? Firstly, in this study a mouse model was built following LTA intramammary infection for 0, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, the characterization of mammary inflammatory response induced by LTA was observed. Subsequently, mouse mammary preconditioned with LTA was modelling. The effect of LTA treatment on the activation of NLRP3/ MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways induced by S. aureus were detected. Results Results shown that the LTA intramammary infection induce mild but rapid recovery inflammation in mammary gland whereas failed to stimulate NLRP3. LTA treatment protected mammary gland against S. aureus infection by suppressed the activation of NLRP3/ MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. Meanwhile it is noteworthy that the expression of NLRP3/MAPK JNK induced by S. aureus was not regulated by LTA treatment. Conclusions These results suggested LTA induced mammary gland inflammation was mild and self-limiting. LTA treatment revealed a good anti-inflammation effect through downregulating the transduction of NLRP3/MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in mouse mastitis induced by S. aureus . Our research highlights the importance of an LTA during the innate immune response of the mammary gland and offer novel insights for new approaches concerning effective immunomodulation against a local bacterial infection.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary selenium during pregnancy on the selenium deposition and antioxidant enzymes in postpartum mouse serum, liver, and mammary gland. Eighty BALB/c pregnant mice were randomly divided into four groups: CG (Se-deficient basal diet, n = 20), LG (0.05 mg/kg Se-supplemented diet, n = 20), MG (0.1 mg/kg Se-supplemented diet, n = 20), and HG (0.2 mg/kg Se-supplemented diet, n = 20). Four days after parturition, all mice were euthanized. The selenium deposition and antioxidants enzymes in serum, liver, and mammary gland were detected. Results show that with increasing selenium supplementation, the selenium deposition and activation of T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH-Px increased, meanwhile the concentration of MDA decreased in serum, liver, and mammary gland. Therefore, this study suggested selenium was mainly deposited in the liver, and dietary selenium during pregnancy might improve the antioxidant status in postpartum animals.

Background Some research has indicated that selenium (Se) plays a significant role during mastitis. However the intracellular anti-inflammatory effect of Se is not fully clear. Due to the ability of Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) to internalize into host cell, in this study we explored whether Se could regulate inflammation induced by S. aureus through reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome in bMECs. Result bMECs were treated with 8 μmol/L Na 2 SeO 3 for 12 h before infected with S. aureus for 2 h. Through flow cytometry, Western blot and qPCR analysis, ROS and NLRP3 imflammasome were detected. Result shown that the production of ROS was increased by S. aureus , Se exerted strong inhibitory effects on the production of ROS; The protein expression of NLRP3 inflammasome including NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 increased significantly after S. aureus infection, Se played an important role in regulating the expression of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1; To further investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Se, the expression level of IL-1β associated molecule pro-IL-1β and IL-1β were detected. Result shown that the mRNA expression of IL-1β was up-regulated by S. aureus and after Se treatment the expression level of IL-1β mRNA was markedly down-regulated, meanwhile Se play a regulation effect on the protein expression of Pro-IL-1β and IL-1β. Conclusions Here we show that ROS is involved in bMECs inflammation induced by S. aureus and Se ameliorates S. aureus -induced inflammation through ROS-mediated NLRP3 pathway in bMECs.

Selenium is an essential micronutrient that plays an important role in immunity. However, the mechanism that Selenium modulates mastitis is not fully clear. In this experiment, we investigated whether selenium can inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in a mouse model of Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis. Eighty BALB/c female mice were fed with experimental Selenium deficiency basal diet for 2 weeks to achieve the purpose of selenium consumption until pregnancy. Pregnant mice were randomly divided into four groups (control group; selenium supplement group; Staphylococcus aureus infection group and Staphylococcus aureus infection after selenium supplement group). Twenty-four hours after challenging, all mice were euthanized and mammary tissue samples were aseptically collected. Through pathological staining, western blot analysis, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the regulation effect of Selenium on NLRP3 inflammasome was detected. The result showed that compared with the control group, selenium significantly inhibited the expression of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, Caspase-1 p20, and Pro-IL-1β (p < 0.01). Meanwhile the mRNA expression and release of IL-1β was suppressed in the treatment group compared with Staphylococcus aureus infection group (p < 0.01). Therefore, these results suggest that dietary selenium can attenuate Staphylococcus aureus mastitis by inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

Bovine mastitis is a prevalent disease that causes serious economic problems globally in the dairy industry. Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen of bovine mastitis. This study was conducted to characterize S. aureus isolates from clinical bovine mastitis cases in large-scale dairy herds in China. S. aureus was isolated from 624 clinical mastitis cases and confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). In total, 62 S. aureus isolates were obtained. Cluster analysis, genetic diversity, quantification of biofilm formation, antimicrobial resistance, and detection of virulence genes were performed on these isolates of S. aureus. Eight isolates harbored the mecA gene and were sensitive to oxacillin. MALDI-TOF MS cluster analysis revealed that the 62 isolates were divided into three major clusters (I, II, III) and eight main groups (A–H) at the distance level of 700. The agr II was the most prevalent (56.5%). The 62 S. aureus isolates were assigned to seven spa types. The most common spa type was t529(58.1%), followed by t2196 (14.5%), t518 (14.5%), t571(6.5%), t034 (3.2%), t2734 (1.6%), and t730 (1.6%). Five STs were identified from seven representative isolates as follows: ST630/CC8, ST97/CC97, ST50, ST398, and ST705. All isolates had the ability to form biofilm. Antimicrobial resistance was most frequently observed to ciprofloxacin (29%), followed by penicillin (24.2%), and streptomycin (9.6%). All isolates harbored the fnbA, clfB (100%), icaA, and icaD genes. This study provides the basis for the development of bovine mastitis prevention program on large-scale dairy farms.

为探讨硒对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)诱导的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(BMECs)自噬和细菌增殖的影响,本试验通过蛋白免疫印迹法检测自噬相关蛋白LC3、Atg5、Beclin-1和p62蛋白的表达,免疫荧光检测GFP-LC3与溶酶体的共定位,细菌平板计数检测胞内S.aureus增殖情况.结果 发现S.aureus感染后,细胞内自噬相关蛋白LC3、Atg5、Beclin-1和p62蛋白显著升高,GFP-LC3绿色聚点与溶酶体无明显共定位;硒添加后,能够显著或极显著降低S.aureus诱导的LC3和p62蛋白的表达,同时促进GFP-LC3与溶酶体的共定位,降低S.aureus的胞内增殖.综上所述,S.aureus感染诱导BMECs发生自噬,自噬体和溶酶体无法融合,自噬流阻塞.而硒促进自噬体和溶酶体融合,并缓解了自噬流的阻塞,降低S.aureus胞内增殖,这为临床金黄色葡萄球菌性乳腺炎的预防和治疗提供理论基础.

采用金黄色葡萄球菌侵袭原代奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,观察该病原菌对乳腺上皮细胞Wnt/β-eatenin信号通路关键蛋白和相关修复因子EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因mRNA表达的影响.金黄色葡萄球菌以MOI=1∶1的比例接种奶牛乳腺上皮细胞,分别作用0,15,30,45,60,120,240 min,采用Western blot法检测乳腺上皮细胞β-catenin、Cy-din D1及c-Mye蛋白表达水平;免疫荧光法检测β-catenin的表达及核易位;荧光定量PCR检测EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因mRNA表达.结果 显示,β-catenin蛋白在45,60,120 min表达量升高,与0 min相比差异显著(P＜0.05);Cyclin D1蛋白在45,60,120和240 min表达量升高,差异显著或极显著(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);c-Myc蛋白在15,30,60,120,240 min表达量升高,差异极显著(P＜0.01).修复相关因子EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因mRNA的表达量在30 min均出现极显著升高(P＜0.01),且VEGF基因mRNA在45,60,120和240 min均呈现极显著升高(P＜0.01),EGFR基因mRNA表达量在30,45和60 min时表达量极显著升高(P＜0.01).结果 表明,金黄色葡萄球菌侵袭奶牛乳腺上皮细胞后,诱导Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的转导和修复因子EGFR、TGF-β3和VEGF基因转录,该信号通路和修复因子可能参与金黄色葡萄球菌导致的炎症和细胞损伤的修复过程.

为探究硒(Se)对金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)感染的奶牛乳腺上皮细胞(bMECs) Nod2/MAPK/mTORs信号通路的调控机制,本研究首先用不同浓度硒(2 μmol/L、4μmol/L和8μmol/L)对bMECs进行预孵育,12 h后再经S.aureus感染处理.分别于感染后6h、8h和10h收集bMECs提取其RNA,应用qPCR方法检测bMECs中Nod2、RIP2、JNK、AKT、mTOR、IL-8和IL-10 mRNA的转录水平.结果 显示,S.aureus能显著提高bMECs中Nod2、RIP2、JNK、AKT和mTOR mRNA的转录水平(p＜0.01),而硒能不同程度的抑制这些因子mRNA的转录水平(p＜0.05或p＜0.01).此外,S.aureus能显著或极显著提高bMECs中IL-8和IL-10 mRNA的转录水平(p＜0.05或p＜0.01),而硒对S.aureus感染的bMECs中IL-8和IL-10mRNA的转录水平有明显抑制作用(p＜0.05或p＜0.01).上述结果表明,硒可通过抑制Nod2/MAPK/mTORs信号通路的转导而减轻S.aureus诱导的bMECs的炎症反应.本研究为阐明硒能减轻S.aureus诱导的bMECs炎症反应的机制提供试验依据.

瘤胃切开术主要适用于牛、 羊等反刍动物前胃疾病及瓣胃阻塞、 皱胃阻塞、 创伤性网胃炎、 腹膜炎等,术时要严格无菌要求.本文对瘤胃切开术的适应症及方法进行讨论,为治疗羊的瘤胃疾病提供参考.