The amphiphilic hydrophobic associative polyacrylamide (HAPAM) was synthesized via free radical copolymerization using hexadecyl allyl dimethyl ammonium chloride (C16DMAAC), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as raw materials. Additionally, the oil amide sulfobetaine (OSB) amphoteric surfactant was synthesized from oil amide dimethyl tertiary amine, sodium sulfite (NaHSO3), and epichlorohydrin. The impact of various charged surfactants (SDS, DTAB, OSB, and AEO) on the binding properties of HAPAM in NaCl solution was investigated through measurements of apparen t viscosity, dynamic light scattering, cryogenic scanning electron microscopy, and rheological analysis. The results indicated that the viscosity of HAPAM in NaCl solution exhibited a parabolic relationship, first rising and then falling, with increasing concentrations of SDS and OSB. Upon the addition of OSB, the temperature and shear resistance of the polymer system were significantly enhanced. Compared to the system before surfactant addition, the maximum viscosity increased by approximately 10 mPa (70%) after shearing at 120 degrees C. At different concentrations of OSB and SDS, the viscosity increased by 133%-157%, the hydration radius of HAPAM expanded by 2.28 to 6.22 times, and the absolute value of the zeta potential increased by 27.66 mV. Microscopic morphological observations revealed that the polymer system formed a three-dimensional network structure of intermolecular association with the addition of surfactants, ultimately creating a dense spatial structure. However, this phenomenon was not as pronounced for cationic and nonionic surfactants. These findings, corroborated by molecular dynamics simulations, confirmed that an appropriate amount of anionic surfactants can enhance hydrophobic binding, expand electrostatic repulsion between anions, and significantly improve the resistance and electrostatic shielding effect of HAPAM against salt solution compression bilayer. This study provides valuable insights into the effects of surfactants on the cross-linking structure and binding properties of HAPAM in NaCl solution, offering guidance for improving the recovery rate in binary composite flooding applications.

The metals and metal compounds used to construct nitrite sensors dissolve into the solution during operation due to reactions, which not only pollutes the environment but also affects the long-term stability of the sensor. Hence, This study developed a stable and sensitive non-metallic based nitrite electrochemical sensor by directly growing carbon dots(CDs) in situ on carbon cloth(CC) using citric acid and ethylenediamine as precursors. The growth of CDs on CC was confirmed through inverted fluorescence microscopy, transmission electron microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer. The CDs/CC electrode material, rich in hydrophilic functional groups, enhances contact between the electrode and electrolyte, significantly improving electrical conductivity, active specific surface area and the quantity of active sites on the electrode material. The electrochemical performance results showed that the synergistic effects between the CDs and CC significantly enhanced the electrocatalytic activity toward nitrite. Nitrite detection was achieved high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 0.14 mu M. The sensor's performance was further validated by analyzing nitrite in ham sausage, achieving recoveries between 97.72% and 101.40%. This study proposes a new method for manufacturing flexible electrochemical sensors that respond to different target objects by growing different carbon dots on carbon cloth.

A flexible non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensor with high sensitivity and stability was constructed using the electrode by in situ growth of Cu/Cu2O nanocomposites on carbon dots (CDs) modified carbon cloth (CC) by electrodeposition reduction method, where the modification of CDs provided a stable anchoring site for the growth of the nanocomposites and enhanced the stability of Cu/Cu2O in solution. The electrode had a glucose detection range of 0.2-100 mu M and 0.1-1 mM, which offered the advantages of high sensitivity (4510.89 mu A mM- 1cm- 2 and 2385.94 mu A mM- 1cm- 2) and low detection limit (0.66 mu M). The sensor also exhibits excellent selectivity, reproducibility, immunity to interference and long-term stability. In addition, In order to verify the enhancement effect of CDs on their electrochemical properties, Cu/Cu2O electrodes were prepared in this paper by the same method on several CCs modified with different CDs (e.g., glycine, cysteine and riboflavin), The results showed that the incorporation of CDs enhanced the electrocatalytic ability compared to the electrode without CDs modification, indicating that CDs can provide more active sites and electron transport channels for Cu/Cu2O, and that this CDs-enhanced Cu/Cu2O nanocomposite can be used for non-enzymatic glucose electrochemical sensors.

To overcome the interference caused by the inner filter effect, this study optimally selected red fluorescence carbon dots as the signal source and constructed a novel dual-mode Ag@Red-CDs nanoprobe for the highly selective detection of Fe-3(+) using fluorescence and colorimetry. This probe is based on a unique reaction between Fe3+ and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) that weakens the static quenching effect of AgNPs on R-CDs; at the same time, the depletion of AgNPs induces a change in the absorbance of the system. Under optimal conditions, the probe exhibited a linear fluorescence response in the Fe-3(+) concentration range of 0.10-25.00 mu g/mL and a linear colorimetric response of 0.18-8.00 mu g/mL. The detection limits for fluorescence and colorimetry were 0.31 mu g/mL and 0.56 mu g/mL, respectively. In spiked real samples, the fluorescence method achieved Fe-3(+) recovery rates of 99.10-102.34%, while the colorimetric method showed recovery rates of 99.83-101.42%. Overall, this research significantly broadened the potential applications of R-CDs-based materials for the quantitative detection of heavy metal ions in water bodies.

To address the issue of low viscosity and poor high-temperature shear resistance of suspension liquid type fracturing fluids commonly used in continuous fracturing operations for high-temperature unconventional oil reservoirs with large displacement mineralized water, A novel titanium crosslinking agent has been prepared, which can significantly enhances the temperature resistance and shear resistance of the gel. In addition, a novel dialysis purification method is proposed, which allows the titanium crosslinker to be pre-mixed with anhydrous suspension, and overcomes the defect of uneven mixing due to high viscosity fluid when add crosslinker, which can’t be solved by boron or zirconium crosslinker. Here, the crosslinking agent was prepared by mixing butyl titanate, lactic acid, triethanolamine and water according to a certain molar ratio. Then, the resulting gel was obtained by pre-mixing with suspension fracturing fluid liquid, and can maintain the viscosity of 63.1mPa·s at a shear rate of 170 s−1 and 150 °C, which is nearly twice that of the gel to bring with added externally crosslinking agents. The fracturing fluid can effectively increase fracturing efficiency, and has excellent application prospects in the context of High temperature deep well and large displacement fracturing.

Removing cationic dyes from complex wastewater is significant in industrial wastewater treatment. In this study, we successfully developed a novel magnetic adsorbent, Fe3O4@Ti-SiO2 (FTS), a Ti-doped modified silicon-based material-coated magnetic nanoparticle. This adsorbent demonstrated enhanced selective adsorption capabilities for cationic dyes in complex wastewater under the synergistic interaction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The FTS composite exhibits superior specific surface area, pore volume, thermal stability, and surface charges, resulting in an ultra-efficient adsorption capacity to methylene blue (MB) (Qmax = 336.74 mg/g), which is 1.56 times higher than that of Ti-SiO2, 6.7 times higher than that of mesoporous silica particles, and superior to most of the reported silica nanocomposites. In addition, the mixed dye system, high ionic strength solution, and simulated wastewater column adsorption experiments showed that the adsorbent had excellent cationic selectivity, salt resistance, and practical application prospects. This condition is attributed to hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between FTS and cationic dyes, which TGA, VSM, and XPS demonstrated. Moreover, after ten adsorption cycles, the magnetic material may be effectively recycled while maintaining over 97 % of its dye adsorption capability. In conclusion, FTS demonstrates excellent potential as a candidate for the selective adsorption and separation of cationic dyes from complex wastewater.

In this paper, a carbon dot hydrogel composite (CDs-Hy) capable of efficiently removing Pb(II) was prepared by hydrogen bonding self-assembly in combination with carbon dots and a hydrogel. CDs-Hy was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the effect of the adsorption conditions on the adsorption efficiency of CDs-Hy was studied. The results of the study showed that the incorporation of carbon dots, on the one hand, significantly increased the adsorption capacity of the material. On the other hand, it can increase the stability of hydrogels in aqueous solution. The possible adsorption mechanisms were further verified as ion exchange and coordination. CDs-Hy is a novel adsorbent material capable of removing Pb2+ efficiently, which can be reused several times with high stability.

Cleaner recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons is a key process for waste oil and gas resources, especially oily waste solid. However, the direct recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons is difficult with deep eutectic solvents (DES) without other additives (such as water). In this work, ionic liquid-based DESs (ILs-DESs) with a controllable polarity were prepared for the sustainable recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons. Here, CO2-responsive ionic liquids were prepared by the neutralization reaction of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene and iminazole (Im), pyrazol (Py), or triazole (Tri). Then, the ILs-DESs were separately prepared by using ionic liquids as proton acceptors and straight-chain alcohols (carbon number = 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) as proton donors. The polarity transformation of the ILs-DESs was regulated only by the introduction and removal of CO2, which was caused by the reversible transformation from ILs-DESs with a lower polarity to alkyl carbonate and carbamate with higher polarity upon CO2. Because of the polarity changes, the simulated oil (such as n-dodecane or diesel oil) was mixed with ILs-DESs, and the samples were directly separated by introducing CO2. Finally, a sustainable process for treating oil sands and oily sludge by using ILs-DESs was developed, where the ILs-DESs were also reused more than twice. This implies that a sustainable approach for petroleum hydrocarbon recovery was realized by using DESs.

The treatment of carbon cloth with concentrated or dilute acid to produce hydrophilic carbon-based flexible electrodes raises environmental pollution concerns. This study utilized a green, rapid, and cost-effective dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) technique was utilized for the hydrophilic modification of conductive hydrophobic carbon cloth. A nitrite electrochemical sensor was constructed by depositing high specific surface area pom-pom FeOOH on modified carbon cloth through a constant potential electrochemical in-situ deposition method. The FeOOH/CC binder-free self-supporting electrode demonstrates nitrite detection capabilities within linear ranges of 0.5-900 mu M and 1 mM-10 mM, boasting a detection limit of 0.154 mu M (S/N = 3). This sensor exhibits excellent interference immunity, stability, and reproducibility. Its application in detecting nitrite in ham sausage and tap water samples yields 97.00 % to 101.33 % recovery rates, respectively, comparable to UV spectrophotometry results, affirming the sensor's accuracy and practical feasibility. This straightforward and swift carbon material modification technique presents a novel approach for crafting carbon cloth electrochemical sensors.

碳点因刚性结构、颗粒较小、亲水性强等特点难以与水体分离,致使其难以用于吸附分离水体中重金属离子.为提高其吸附分离性能,以柠檬酸和乙二胺为原材料,戊二醛为交联剂,制备出表面含有羧基和氨基等多种官能团的碳点材料,并用于水体中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附去除.系统探究了戊二醛的比例、材料投加量、温度、浓度、pH等因素对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,乙二胺与戊二醛的比例为 1∶2时材料对Pb2+的吸附效果最好,2 h达到吸附平衡,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和Lagergren二级动力学模型.经戊二醛交联的碳点材料可用于吸附和去除水中低浓度的铅离子.

Dyes are hazardous to public health and the environment. Herein, we synthesized Ti-doped porous SiO2 microspheres utilizing a one-step sol-gel method as an effective adsorbent for the removal of cationic dyes from wastewater. The study of the varying individual parameters such as titanium-silica ratio, pH, adsorbent dose, and dye concentration indicated that the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) by Si3TiO10 microspheres exhibited excellent performance, including a wide range of applications (pH = 4–11), fast adsorption rate (15 min removed 90.8

Water-based fracturing fluids are widely used in the development of tight, low-permeability unconventional oil and gas fields, where the crosslinking agent component can thicken the low-viscosity, high-flowability base fluid to ensure sufficient proppant is transported from the wellbore to the tip of the fracture and generate the required net pressure to support the fracture. Zirconium crosslinking agents are widely used due to their good stability and high shear resistance. In the paper, glycerin, zirconium chloride, lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, and water were reacted at a molar ratio of 7:1:3:4:98 and a temperature of 80 degrees C for 5 h; Using triethanolamine, zirconium chloride, lactic acid, and water as raw materials, the molar ratio of 4:1:3:98, reaction at 80 degrees C for 5 h, and then zirconium lactate crosslinker and triethanolamine zirconium lactate crosslinker were synthesized respectively, which were incorporated into a newly designed self-generating acid temperature-controlled crosslinking system to crosslink salt-resistant cleaning fracturing fluids mainly composed of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, achieving delayed crosslinking of the fracturing fluid in different temperature formations. The strong crosslinking temperature range of glycerol-lactic acid zirconium and the rheological properties of triethanolamine zirconium lactate gel and zirconium lactate gel in the system were tested. The viscosity of triethanolamine zirconium lactate gel and zirconium lactate gel were 88.86 and 94.69 mPa.s, respectively, at the shear rate of 300 s(-1), and the viscosity remained above 200 mPa.s at the shear rate of 170 s(-1), 60 degrees C for 1 h. These figures far exceed the gels formed by commercially purchased zirconate. This system can make glycerol lactic achouid zirconium crosslinking agents undergo strong crosslinking at 40-65 degrees C and triethanolamine lactic acid zirconium undergo strong crosslinking at 55-75 degrees C. It has significant implications for the delayed crosslinking effect of massive fracturing operations.

Novel metasequoia-leaf-like Cu/Cu2O/Ni(OH)2 on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was used for non-enzymatic glucose detection using an easy, one-step electrodeposition technique. The direct electrodeposition method is conducive to shifting electrons in a binder-free electrode, and increasing the appropriate deposition voltage can obtain material in 15 s. Furthermore, the metasequoia-leaf-like construction has many dynamic locales for synergistic glucose oxidation, which may advance the dispersion rate of glucose. The research shows that the glucose detection sensitivity of the Cu/Cu2O/Ni(OH)2 electrode is 5737.5 mu A mM-1 cm-2 and 4676.0 mu A mM-1 cm-2, corresponding to the dynamic linear ranges 1 mu M-1 mM and 1 mM-5 mM. In addition, the electrode shows good repeatability, reproducibility, stability, and selectivity. Furthermore, the electrode has been successfully utilized to detect glucose in human serum, confirming that the Cu/Cu2O/Ni(OH)2 electrode can identify glucose.

We report the fabrication and testing of ultrafast response nonenzymatic glucose sensor based on the use of interlaced chain structure Au@CuS nanomaterial. The new Au@CuS nanomaterial was synthesized by a facile solvothermal method from L-cysteine、Cu(NO 3 ) 2 ·3H 2 O and Au Seeds without using additional surfactants or templates. The combination of Au and CuS solves the problems of poor electrical conductivity of CuS and the susceptibility of Au to toxicity, while the interlaced chain structure exposes more active sites to facilitate the diffusion of glucose molecules with a low resistance to increase the inter-electron transfer rate. The non-enzymatic Au@CuS-based glucose sensor showed a wide linear range with excellent sensitivity (5817.37 and 3629.78 μ A mM −1 cm −2 ), ultrafast response time (<0.1 s), excellent selectivity and outstanding long-term stability. Further, the designed glucose sensor was used to determine glucose in human blood serum sample with satisfactory result.

针对致密砂岩气藏压裂液滞留中液相侵入损害问题,本研究以东胜气田盒1层致密砂岩为研究对象,分析了储层基本特性,并探究了优化添加剂前后胍胶压裂液对储层渗透率的伤害.实验结果表明:此类储层主要以石英含量为主,平均含量为92%,粘土含量平均为7.36%,此外具有较高含量速敏性的伊利石、易发生膨胀运移的伊/蒙间层.针对压裂液侵入液相伤害,优化润湿反转剂、防膨剂添加剂前后压裂液伤害实验发现,压裂液侵入且大量水化后疏松的黏土颗粒及岩屑,黏土的膨胀造成粒内孔缝堵塞,孔道表现出丝状伊利石与片状绿泥石胶结对孔道的堵塞;优化后压裂液伤害岩芯表面可以看出水化后疏松、脱落的黏土颗粒较少,孔道中伴随着绿泥石的运移对孔缝的堵塞.

Microporous ZSM-5, hierarchical ZSM-5, and hierarchical ZSM-11 zeolites with different crystalline sizes were prepared to determine the relations of mesoporosity with catalytic performance in methanol-to-propene reaction. The physicochemical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Temperature-Programmed Desorption, and sorption techniques. It was shown that the low pore tortuosity, hierarchical structure, and the reduction of the crystal size all can shorten the diffusion path and reduce the diffusion resistance, leading to the increase of propylene yield. By comparison, the propene yield increase to the increment of mesoporous volume due to the tortuosity is more effective than other aspects. For silica–alumina zeolites, the effective way to reduce the diffusion resistance and increase the selectivity of propylene is to lower the pore tortuosity degree, and then introduce the mesoporous structure and reduce the grain size.

In this study, new red light-emitting carbon dots (R-CDs) that can selectively recognize Cr(VI) were prepared using a strategy that utilizes 2,4-diaminophenol to enhance the fluorescence of O-phenylenediamine based carbon dots. The results showed that 2,4-diaminophenol increased the quantum yield (QY) of the carbon quantum dots (CDs), and that the QY of the CDs increased from their original value of 8.7% to 20.1% (R-CDs). The R-CDs show sensitivity to acidic conditions and maintain good linearity between pH = 1.00-4.00, making them useful as pH probes. Furthermore, the prepared R-CDs possess good solubility in water and are responsive to changes in Cr(VI) concentrations in aqueous environments. The quenching of the R-CDs fluorescence was linearly correlated with the Cr(VI) concentration within a range of 0-20 μM, with a lower detection limit of 66 nM. The detection mechanism is attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between Cr(VI) and the R-CDs, resulting in the fluorescence quenching of the R-CDs. The R-CDs can be considered effective multifunctional fluorescent probes for both pH and Cr(VI) in aqueous environments. This study will provide new R-CD design strategies for probes that selectively identify specific target substances.

针对常规暂堵剂封堵不规则形状射孔孔眼用量大、封堵效果差的问题,以聚乳酸材料、可降解树脂为原料制备了绳结暂堵剂,对其综合性能进行了室内实验评价,并研究形成了绳结暂堵剂施工工艺.室内性能评价结果表明:绳结暂堵剂具有较好的溶解性能和承压性能,模拟地层温度 90℃下,在清水及聚合物滑溜水中 26h内完全溶解.绳结暂堵剂直径为 18 mm以上时,承压强度达到50 MPa.该绳结暂堵剂在 5 口井12段的密切割多簇压裂中进行了施工,施工成功率 100%,暂堵效果稳定,平均升压 4.9 MPa.研究结果表明,绳结暂堵剂能达到大幅度提高孔眼暂堵效果、促进施工井段内射孔簇均衡起裂的目的,具有良好的推广应用前景.

在页岩油开采过程中,由于压裂液破胶液的注入以及页岩油中天然表面活性物质的耦合作用,致使页岩油极易形成稳定的原油乳状液,给油田生产带来破乳难、能耗高等问题.为此,本文以大港油田页岩油为研究对象,探讨页岩油中胶质、沥青质含量及压裂液破胶液对页岩油乳状液稳定的影响.结果表明,压裂液破胶液、胶质、沥青质会大幅降低了油水界面张力,增加油水界面压缩模量,提高原油乳状液的稳定性,从微观层面揭示了压裂液破胶液、胶质、沥青质稳定乳液的机理.

石油化工分析是应用化学、化学相关专业的重要专业课程,是分析化学知识在于石油化工领域的实际应用与发展,蕴涵较多课程思政元素可与专业知识结合点.本文以植根历史、家国情怀、科学精神与创新思维、职业素养等为思政元素,主要以发生在身边的石油化工事件为基础,进行了思政教学案例设计,为本课程及相关课程思政元素的挖掘提供了有价值的参考和借鉴.