目的:探讨影响pT1期肾透明细胞癌患者术后远期转移的危险因素.方法:回顾性分析192例pT1期肾透明细胞癌术后5年未出现复发及远处转移患者临床资料.应用Kaplan-Meier单因素分析和COX多因素分析分别讨论性别、年龄、肿瘤部位、临床症状、手术方式、病理学分期、核分级、生物治疗等因素对pT1期肾细胞癌术后远期转移的影响.结果:病理确诊为pT1期肾透明细胞癌的192例患者中,有15例发生了远期转移(7.8％),其中肺转移最常见(6例),中位随访期为8年(5～12年).经Kaplan-Meier单因素分析及COX多因素分析结果显示:年龄≥50岁,伴有临床症状,病理学分期为pT1b期的患者较年龄＜50岁(P=0.015),无临床症状(P=0.018)以及pT1a期(P=0.008)更易发生远期转移.结论:远期转移为肾细胞癌的特殊生物学行为之一,特别是对于老龄、诊断时有临床症状和pT1b期肿瘤的患者,即使术后5年未出现转移证据,长期密切的随访仍非常必要.

Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7) has been studied in various tumors, but its role in prostate cancer remains unknown. This study is aimed to investigate the prognostic and predictive significance of PTK7 in patients with prostate cancer. PTK7 expression was evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis in 20 pairs of benign prostatic hyperplasia specimens and prostate cancer specimens. Then, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of PTK7 in 180 prostate cancer specimens and evaluated its clinical significances. Elevated PTK7 expression was significantly associated with lymph node metastases, seminal vesicle invasion, prostate cancer stage, the higher preoperative prostate-specific antigen, the higher Gleason score, angiolymphatic invasion, and biochemical recurrence. The results revealed that the overexpression of PTK7 in prostate cancer was an independent prognostic factor for poor overall survival and biochemical recurrence-free survival. The present data provide evidence that PTK7 predicts lymph node metastasis and poor overall survival and biochemical recurrence-free survival, highlighting its potential function as a therapeutic target for prostate cancer.

Background: While recent research has shown that expression of RABEX-5 in breast cancer and colorectal cancer has a crucial impact on tumor development, there is little information regarding RABEX-5 expression in prostate cancer. This study investigated the expression of RABEX-5 in prostate cancer by real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and evaluated its association with clinicopathological variables, including prostate cancer patient prognosis. Methods: A total of 180 patients with primary prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy were enrolled. Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was utilized to investigate mRNA expression level of RABEX-5 in 180 paired prostate cancer/adjacent non-cancerous tissues. RABEX-5 mRNA expression was divided into high expression group and low expression group and correlations between RABEX-5 mRNA and clinicopathological factors were then evaluated. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the association between RABEX-5 mRNA expression and prognosis of patients with prostate cancer. Results: Our study showed that RABEX-5 mRNA was significantly upregulated in prostate cancer tissues. The data indicated that high expression of RABEX-5 mRNA was significantly associated with lymph node metastasis ( P = 0.001), clinical stage ( P = 0.004), biochemical recurrence ( P = 0.009), preoperative prostate-specific antigen ( P < 0.001), and Gleason score ( P < 0.001). High RABEX-5 mRNA expression was a significant predictor of poor biochemical recurrence free survival and overall survival both in univariate and multivariate analysis. Conclusion: This is to our knowledge the first report investigating tumor RABEX-5 mRNA expression level in prostate cancer. We have shown that high RABEX-5 mRNA expression is a strong predictor of poor prognosis in prostate cancer patients treated by radical prostatectomy, and multivariate analysis confirmed RABEX-5 mRNA as an independent prognostic factor.

Objective To establish the xenograft model of human prostate cancer(PCa) by grafting patient-derived tissues beneath the renal capsule of intact male non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice.Methods Between October 2012 and August 2013,twenty NOD/SCID mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =5 each).Four patient-derived PCa specimens were collected and sent for frozen section analysis.A specimen of one patient corresponds to 5 mice.At 8-12 week after initial microsurgical implantation,grafts were harvested and fixed to be embedded with paraffin.For histopathology,routine hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed on these formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections.Immunohistochemical studies were performed for the expression of α-methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR/P504S,prostate-specific antigen and P63 antigen on the sections.Results Taken rate of prostate cancer xenogtrafts in subrenal capsular was 95％ (19/20).The subrenal capsule xenografts are protruded the renal surface and embedded into the renal parenchyma with angiogenesis.Pathological sections showed disruption of the basal cell.There was significant increase in proliferation and anaplasia of malignant prostate epithelium cells at subrenal capsule xenografts.Xenografts were confirmed as human PCa tissues with the PSA (+)/P63 (-)/P504S (-) immunostain.Conclusions The patient-derived human prostate cancer xenograft model in NOD/SCID mice is successfully established by microsurgical technique.This model can keep the heterogeneity of prostate,which could demonstrated the characters of PCa cells.It has been shown to facilitate the investigation of etiology mechanism of PCa,new agents and individualized antineoplastic therapy.