OBJECTIVES:Vaginal infections caused by Candida albicans and human papillomavirus (HPV) are common, yet their interactions remain complex and poorly understood. METHODS:We conducted a nationwide, multicenter cohort study in China involving 6,689 women aged 18 to 50 years to examine the association between C. albicans infection and HPV acquisition and persistence. C. albicans infection was defined by positive results on both wet-mount microscopy and culture. HPV genotypes (21 types) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs, eight types) were detected using polymerase chain reaction. Cervical lesions were assessed via the ThinPrep cytologic test (TCT). RESULTS:In cross-sectional analyses, C. albicans infection was associated with a lower likelihood of concurrent HPV detection (odds ratio (OR), 0.92, 95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.88-0.96), affecting both high-risk and low-risk genotypes. However, longitudinal follow-up analyses revealed that baseline C. albicans infections was linked to an increased risk of persistent HPV infection among women already infected (hazard ratio (HR), 1.77, 95 % CI, 1.03-3.06). The presence of C. albicans was not significantly associated with other STIs or abnormal cervical cytology. These findings suggest a dual effect of C. albicans on HPV: protection against initial viral acquisition but promotion of viral persistence in those already infected. CONCLUSIONS:Our findings reveal an unexpected dual role of C. albicans in HPV infection: initial protective effects, followed by enhanced viral persistence during co-infection. These results highlight the complexity of host-microbe interactions in the vaginal environment and underscore the need to consider fungal colonization in the natural history of HPV. The contrasting effects of C. albicans on HPV acquisition and persistence provide novel insights into the complex dynamics of polymicrobial interactions in the female reproductive tract. SIGNIFICANCE:Statement: This study demonstrates for the first time that C. albicans exhibits opposing effects on HPV infection at different stages, suggesting stage-specific host-microbe interactions that may influence viral pathogenesis. These findings have important implications for understanding the role of fungal colonization in viral infections and may inform strategies for HPV management.

The vaginal microbiome is central to reproductive health, yet large-scale studies in East Asian populations remain scarce. Here, we characterized the vaginal microbiota of 6423 Chinese women of reproductive age across 18 provinces and assessed associations with 33 host factors. We observed a striking compositional transition around age 40, marked by declining Lactobacillus crispatus and enrichment of dysbiosis-associated taxa including Gardnerella vaginalis, independent of lifestyle or sociodemographic influences. Sexual behavior, contraceptive use, and educational attainment emerged as key determinants of community structure, differentially shaping Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners. Despite these associations, host factors explained less than 2% of overall variation, highlighting the resilience and individuality of the vaginal microbiome. To quantify vaginal health, we derived a microbiome balance score, validated it in external cohorts, and demonstrated its predictive power for incident bacterial vaginosis and sexually transmitted infections. Our findings establish a national-scale reference for the vaginal microbiome in Chinese women, reveal a midlife inflection point in microbial composition, and introduce a clinically actionable metric for risk stratification. These insights advance mechanistic understanding of host-microbiome interactions and inform strategies for precision interventions to preserve vaginal health.

BackgroundKidney deficiency syndrome (KDS) is the predominant syndrome associated with gynecological reproductive system diseases in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). However, the diagnostic method is influenced by the subjective experience of doctors, which leads to the ambiguity in differentiation of KDS and poor effect for corresponding treatment.ObjectiveTo explore an objective syndrome differentiation method for KDS in females of reproductive age through machine learning technique.MethodsWe proposed a new deep learning method for the objective differentiation of KDS in females of reproductive age. First, we simultaneously acquired 376 pairs of tongue and facial images. We divided them into a Kidney deficiency syndrome (KDS, n = 182) group and a Non-Kidney deficiency syndrome (NKDS, n = 194) group. Then, we employed two parallel DenseNet structures to extract deep features from tongue and facial images. We further used a deep supervised network strategy to better stabilize the fusion of the two deep features. We used 5-fold cross-validation to evaluate the performance by six indicators: accuracy, precision, recall, F1 score, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC). Finally, external validation was conducted on an independent test set consisting of 130 patients with a 1:1 ratio of KDS to NKDS cases.ResultsThe model based on tongue images, facial images, and the tongue-face fusion model achieved AUCs of 71.45% ± 6.39%, 89.60% ± 3.33%, and 92.08% ± 4.51%, respectively, with the highest value observed in the fusion model. In external validation, the tongue-face fusion model attained an AUC of 83.53%.ConclusionThe deep learning network model with tongue-face fusion can effectively differentiate KDS.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are associated with vaginal dysbiosis, and co-infections are common but understudied. In this study, 6217 reproductive-age women are recruited from 38 study centres across China at baseline and 2738 participants are followed up at 6 months. We profile the vaginal microbiota by 16S rRNA gene sequencing in conjunction with measurement of nine common STIs. The primary outcome of this study is STI status, and secondary outcome is the risk of cervical lesions. Mycoplasmas hominis (MH) far exceeds other STIs in the association with vaginal microbiota, whereases previously reported associations between Human papillomavirus (HPV) and vaginal dysbiosis might be confounded by the co-infected MH in this study. Both MH infection and increased bacterial diversity are independently associated with increased risk of cervical lesion in HPV-negative women (Shannon, OR (odds ratio) = 1.71, 95% CI (confidence interval) = 1.23-2.36; MH, OR = 2.42 95% CI = 1.36-4.30). These associations are also identified in longitudinal analyses (Shannon, HR (hazard ratio) = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.04-2.86; MH, HR = 2.37, 95% CI = 0.98-5.72). Our findings highlight the importance of considering MH status when studying vaginal microbiota in cervical lesions, and suggest the need for further investigation of microbiota-associated mechanisms in HPV-negative cervical lesions. (ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT04694495).

ABSTRACT Specific bacterial species have been found to play important roles in human vagina. Achieving high species-level resolution is vital for analyzing vaginal microbiota data. However, contradictory conclusions were yielded from different methodological studies. More comprehensive evaluation is needed for determining an optimal pipeline for vaginal microbiota. Based on the sequences of vaginal bacterial species downloaded from NCBI, we conducted simulated amplification with various primer sets targeting different 16S regions as well as taxonomic classification on the amplicons applying different combinations of algorithms (BLAST+, VSEARCH, and Sklearn) and reference databases (Greengenes2, SILVA, and RDP). Vaginal swabs were collected from participants with different vaginal microecology to construct 16S full-length sequenced mock communities. Both computational and experimental amplifications were performed on the mock samples. Classification accuracy of each pipeline was determined. Microbial profiles were compared between the full-length and partial 16S sequencing samples. The optimal pipeline was further validated in a multicenter cohort against the PCR results of common STI pathogens. Pipeline V1–V3_Sklearn_Combined had the highest accuracy for classifying the amplicons generated from both the NCBI downloaded data (84.20% ± 2.39%) and the full-length sequencing data (95.65% ± 3.04%). Vaginal samples amplified and sequenced targeting the V1–V3 region but merely employing the forward reads (223 bp) and classified using the optimal pipeline, resembled the mock communities the most. The pipeline demonstrated high F1-scores for detecting STI pathogens within the validation cohort. We have determined an optimal pipeline to achieve high species-level resolution for vaginal microbiota with short amplicons, which will facilitate future studies. IMPORTANCE For vaginal microbiota studies, diverse 16S rRNA gene regions were applied for amplification and sequencing, which affect the comparability between different studies as well as the species-level resolution of taxonomic classification. We conducted comprehensive evaluation on the methods which influence the accuracy for the taxonomic classification and established an optimal pipeline to achieve high species-level resolution for vaginal microbiota with short amplicons, which will facilitate future studies.

Ureaplasma spp. can be classified into different serovars. It is unknown whether distinct serovars are associated with clinical signs and symptoms. We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional study. U. parvum serovars were identified on the basis of their multiple-banded antigen (MBA) genes. After adjusting for demographic variables and other reproductive tract infections, the odds ratio (OR) and 95 https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; ID: NCT04694495; Registration Date: 2021–01-05).

BACKGROUND:Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum) is generally regarded as innocuous, and studies focusing on variations in pathogenicity among U. parvum serovars are inadequate. We elucidated the variations in the pathogenicity of U. parvum serovars in promoting human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). METHODS:This cross-sectional study used baseline data from a Chinese multicenter prospective cohort of women of childbearing age undergoing routine cervical cancer screening. We employed multivariate logistic regression analysis to estimate the pathogenic effects of specific U. parvum serovars on HPV infection and CIN. Causal mediation analysis was performed to ascertain the direct effects of specific U. parvum serovars on CIN and their indirect implications via HPV infection. FINDINGS:The final data analysis encompassed 7058 participants. Upon adjusting for confounding factors, a positive association was observed between U. parvum serovars 1, 3, and 6 and HPV infection (OR 1.53, 95%CI 1.15-2.03; OR 1.31, 95%CI 1.06-1.64; OR 2.34, 95%CI 1.90-2.87); however, only participants with U. parvum serovar 6 showed an increased risk of CIN (OR 1.90, 95%CI 1.19-3.02). No substantial correlation was observed between U. parvum serovar 14 and HPV or CIN incidence. HPV infection potentially mediates the influence of U. parvum serovar 6 on CIN, with a mediation proportion of 76.66%. INTERPRETATIONS:Our findings suggest that different U. parvum serovars vary in pathogenicity regarding HPV and CIN. Early detection of specific U. parvum serovars, such as U. parvum serovar 6, in HPV-infected individuals may enable early intervention therapies and reduce the risk of CIN development.

目的 探索阴道菌群近10年来的研究现状并预测其发展趋势.方法 在Web of Science数据库中检索近10年阴道菌群相关的文献,运用可视化软件VOSviewer进行共词分析、文献耦合、合著分析等.结果 阴道菌群领域发文量呈整体上升趋势,目前的主要热点研究分为阴道菌群的多样性、传染病学、细胞生物和基因学、阴道菌群与生殖的关联四大方面.结论 文献可视化研究展现了阴道菌群的研究现状和发展趋势,为相关研究人员提供了借鉴.

目的 研究绝经综合征患者的肠道菌群特征,为该类患者的治疗提供参考.方法 选取77例绝经综合征患者为病例组(P组),24例绝经前后健康女性为健康对照组(H组),采用16SrRNA基因测序技术检测两组对象肠道菌群结构,计算临床参数与肠道菌群的Spearman相关系数并采用PICRUSt2进行菌群的功能预测.结果 两组对象肠道菌群的alpha和beta多样性差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).LEfSe分析显示两组对象肠道菌群存在显著差异的物种(种水平)有14个(LDA分数＞2.0).Spearman相关分析发现,雌二醇与聚集杆菌、动物双歧杆菌动物亚种和吉氏不动杆菌均呈正相关(均P＜0.05),这3种细菌在绝经前后健康女性中数量较高,而卵泡刺激素、黄体生成素水平与上述3个物种均呈负相关(均P＜0.05).功能预测显示,与心血管疾病和碳水化合物代谢相关的KEGGL3代谢途径在P组患者肠道菌群中富集(均P＜0.05).结论 绝经综合征患者存在肠道菌群结构紊乱,表现为与性激素水平相关的聚集杆菌、动物双歧杆菌动物亚种和吉氏不动杆菌丰度降低,同时在绝经综合征患者中存在独特的代谢途径.

Spontaneous abortion (SA) is the most common adverse pregnancy outcome in the first trimester. The causal drivers of SA have become a substantial challenge to reveal and overcome.

Cervical cancer is a global health concern. Persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a prerequisite for the development of cervical cancer. Emerging research indicates that the vaginal microbiota may play both protective and harmful roles in the acquisition and persistence of HPV and the development of cervical cancer. This multicenter cohort study mainly aims to reveal the association of vaginal microbiota with the outcome of HPV infection in six months in women of reproductive age. We will recruit 50 research centers and enroll a total of about 10,000 female volunteers with a series of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria across China, including HPV positive and HPV negative women. A unified questionnaire will be used to obtain the sociodemographic information, clinical data and lifestyle of all volunteers. Specimens including vaginal secretions swabs and cervical exfoliated cells will be collected at the first visit and follow-up after six months. We will use 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the vaginal microbiota of volunteers’ vaginal swabs. Twenty-one HPV genotypes and other sexually transmitted pathogens, including Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium and Herpes simplex virus type Ⅱ will be examined using flow-through hybridization and gene chip. The association of HPV infection and vaginal microbiota will be investigated, and the core microbiota attributes to the persistent HPV infection will be analyzed in this study.

The early diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy (EP) remains a major challenge. Despite a known link between vaginal microbiota and female reproductive health, few studies have focused on the association between vaginal microbiota and pregnancy location. This nested case-control study aimed to characterize the vaginal microbiota in tubal pregnancy (TP) among symptomatic women in early pregnancy. Women with symptomatic early pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) were included in this study. 16S rDNA gene sequencing was performed to assess vaginal microbial diversity and relative abundance. Machine learning and multivariate logistic regression were also used to evaluate the association between Gardnerella and TP. The results indicate that the vaginal microbiome in TP was more diverse (Shannon, p < 0.05) and was different in composition to that of women with intrauterine pregnancy (IUP) (weighted Unifrac, R = 0.08, p = 0.01). The genus Gardnerella was significantly enriched in TP. The XGBoost analysis was able to classify Gardnerella-induced TP more reliably (AUC = 0.621). Moreover, after adjusting potential confounders, our results indicate a robust association between Gardnerella and TP (as a continuous variable, adjusted OR: 12.0, 95% CI: 2.1–67.4, p < 0.01; as a categorical variable (≥0.85%), and adjusted OR: 4.2, 95% CI: 2.0–8.8, p < 0.01). In conclusion, we found that higher virginal Gardnerella levels were associated with TP in women with symptomatic early pregnancy.

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common vaginal infectious diseases in female reproductive period. Although the existing view is that probiotic treatment may be one of the feasible methods for the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, different intervention methods lead to different treatment results. Therefore, up-to-date and comprehensive evidence in this regard is essential for the development of intervention strategies. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to systematically evaluate the role of probiotics in the treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) in adult women. Methods: We searched the databases of Embase, Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and ClinicalTrials.gov for Randomized Controlled Trials published until November 7, 2021.Meta-analysis was performed by Revman5.3 software to systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy of probiotics adjunctive therapy in the treatment of BV. The literatures were screened and evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Chi-square test was used to test the heterogeneity between trials. Random or Fixed effect models were used to analyze the cure rate of BV. Results: Fourteen randomized controlled trials compared the efficacy of probiotics with antibiotic therapy (probiotics + antibiotics group) versus antibiotics alone or plus placebo (antibiotics (+placebo) group) for BV [RR = 1.23, 95% CI (1.05, 1.43), P = 0.009]. Three compared the efficacy of probiotics regimen (probiotics group) and antibiotics (antibiotics group) in the treatment of BV [RR = 1.12, 95% CI (0.60, 2.07), P =0.72]. Another Three compared the efficacy of probiotics regimen (probiotics group) with placebo (placebo group) [risk ratios (RR) = 15.20, 95% CI (3.87, 59.64), P < 0.0001]. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis suggests probiotics may play a positive role in the treatment of BV, but more strong evidence is needed.

Introduction Studies have suggested that the vaginal microbiome and gut microbiome are involved in pregnancy-related diseases, but little exploration of the link with early miscarriage or threatened miscarriage (TM) has been done. Whether the characteristics of the vaginal microbiome and gut microbiome in early pregnancy are related to TM and early pregnancy outcomes remains unclear.Methods and analysis The Microbiome Characteristics in Early Threatened Miscarriage Study (MCETMS) is a prospective investigation that will recruit 326 pregnant women with early TM. Pregnant women will be enrolled at 4–8 weeks of gestation, and their vaginal secretions, faecal samples, clinical data and sociodemographic characteristics will be collected prospectively. Pregnant women with TM will be followed up to 12 weeks of gestation to determine the early pregnancy outcomes (ongoing pregnancy or pregnancy loss). DNA will be extracted from the collected samples and will be analysed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Ethics and dissemination The MCETMS study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Traditional Chinese Medical University (ZYYECK[2020]051). Dissemination of study findings will occur through peer-reviewed journals, conferences and presentations.Trial registration number ChiCTR2000041172.

Gut microbes were closely related to women’s health. Previous studies reported that the gut microbes of premenopausal women were different from those of postmenopausal women. However, little was known about the relationship between gut microbiota dysbiosis and menopausal syndrome (MPS). The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between MPS and gut microbes. Patients with MPS (P group, n = 77) and healthy women (H group, n = 24) at menopause were recruited in this study. The stool specimen and clinical parameters (demographic data, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), et al) of participants’ were collected. We evaluated the differences in gut microbes by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. We used LEfSe to identify gut microbes with varying abundances in different groups. The Spearman correlation coefficients of clinical parameters and gut microbes were calculated. PICRUSt was used to predict the potential KEGG Ortholog functional profiles of microbial communities. The abundance of 14 species differed substantially between the MPS and menopausal healthy women (LDA significance threshold > 2.0) according to LEfSe analysis. Using Spearman’s correlation analysis, it was discovered that E2 had a positive correlation with Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Acinetobacter guillouiae (p < 0.05, these three species were enriched in menopausal healthy women), while FSH and LH had a negative correlation with them (p < 0.05). KEGG level3 metabolic pathways relevant to cardiovascular disease and carbohydrate metabolism were enriched in the MPS (p < 0.05), according to functional prediction by PICRUST and analyzed by Dunn test. There was gut microbiota dysbiosis in MPS, which is reflected in the deficiency of the abundance of Aggregatibacter segnis, Bifidobacterium animalis and Acinetobacter guillouiae related to the level of sex hormones. In MPS individuals, species with altered abundances and unique functional pathways were found.

Additional file 4. KEGG level3 pathways of functional prediction. 50 KEGG level3 pathways enriched in the P group were found to be significantly higher than in H group.

目的 探讨减味寿胎丸治疗自然流产(SA)的可能作用机制.方法 将健康SD孕鼠随机分为空白组(9只)、模型组(10只)、地屈孕酮组(10只)、减味寿胎丸组(10只).除空白组外,其余各组孕鼠于妊娠第13天予1.2 mg/ml的米非司酮溶液灌胃(10ml/kg)1次制备SA模型.于妊娠第0天至第14天,减味寿胎丸组和地屈孕酮组分别予减味寿胎丸溶液1.8 g/(kg·d)、地屈孕酮溶液54mg/(kg·d)灌胃,空白组和模型组予0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠溶液10 ml/kg灌胃.观察大鼠胚胎情况计算流产率;流式细胞术检测全血调节性T细胞(Treg)、辅助性T细胞17(Th17)占CD4+T细胞百分比;ELISA法检测血清转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、白细胞介素10(IL-10)、白细胞介素(IL-6)、白细胞介素17(IL-17)的含量.结果 与空白组比较,模型组流产率显著升高,全血Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞百分比下降,Th17细胞占CD4+T细胞百分比升高,血清TGF-β、IL-10含量下降,IL-6、IL-17含量升高(P＜0.05);与模型组比较,地屈孕酮组和减味寿胎丸组流产率均显著下降,减味寿胎丸组全血Treg细胞占CD4+T细胞百分比升高、Th17细胞占CD4+T细胞百分比降低,地屈孕酮组血清IL-6含量降低,减味寿胎丸组血清TGF-β、IL-10含量增加而IL-17、IL-6含量降低(P＜0.05);地屈孕酮组与减味寿胎丸组各指标比较差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 减味寿胎丸可降低米非司酮所致SA模型大鼠的流产率,而纠正大鼠Treg/Th17细胞失衡可能是其作用机制之一.

目的 观察左旋紫草素对宫颈癌HeLa细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移及Wnt/β-catenin通路蛋白的影响.方法 设置左旋紫草素浓度梯度为0、0.5、1、2、4、8μmol/L,干预HeLa细胞,MTS法检测细胞增殖活力,并筛选最佳干预浓度进行后续实验.后续实验中分为对照组、左旋紫草素0.5、1、2μmol/L组.划痕实验检测HeLa细胞24、48 h后细胞的迁移能力;Transwell实验检测左旋紫草素作用HeLa细胞24 h后细胞侵袭能力;Western Blot检测左旋紫草素作用HeLa细胞24 h后Wnt/β-catenin通路相关蛋白Wnt5a、β-catenin、p-LRP、LRP的表达.结果 左旋紫草素1、2、4、8μmol/L在24 h可明显抑制HeLa细胞增殖(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),其抑制作用呈现浓度依赖性;与对照组比较,左旋紫草素0.5、1、2 μmol/L组细胞穿过率明显降低,细胞穿过基质胶的能力随着药物浓度的加大而降低(P＜0.01),同时Wnt5a、β-catenin、p-LRP蛋白表达下降(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 左旋紫草素可通过下调Wnt/β-catenin信号通路,抑制HeLa细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移功能.

目的 探讨减味寿胎丸治疗流产的潜在分子机制.方法 SD雌性及雄性大鼠各48只,按雌、雄1:1合笼持续配种2周,以观察到阴道栓作为妊娠第0天,共获得妊娠大鼠40只,随机分为正常组、模型组、地屈孕酮组、减味寿胎丸组,每组10只.自妊娠第0天开始,正常组和模型组雌鼠予10 ml/(kg·d)纯水灌胃,减味寿胎丸组予减味寿胎丸药液1.8 g/(kg·d)灌胃,地屈孕酮组予地屈孕酮片5.4 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,每日1次,连续13天.在妊娠第13天上午,模型组、地屈孕酮和减味寿胎丸组予浓度为1.2 mg/ml米非司酮药液10ml/kg灌胃建立流产大鼠模型.妊娠第14天取材,HE染色观察各组大鼠子宫蜕膜组织的病理形态改变,检测蜕膜组织脂质过氧化相关指标[还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)、丙二醛(MDA)]水平及总铁离子[Fe(Ⅱ+Ⅲ)]含量,普鲁士蓝(Perls)染色检测大鼠蜕膜组织铁离子分布,免疫组化及Western Blot法检测蜕膜组织铁死亡关键蛋白[谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)、溶质载体家族7成员11(SLC7A11)、转铁蛋白受体1(TFR1)]蛋白分布及相对表达量.结果 HE染色结果显示,正常组大鼠蜕膜组织血管丰富,蜕膜细胞排列紧密;模型组大鼠蜕膜组织血管分布少,胞浆水肿,部分细胞核消失;地屈孕酮组及减味寿胎丸组大鼠蜕膜组织病理较模型组明显改善.模型组大鼠较正常组蜕膜组织中GSH、GPX水平及GPX4、SLC7A11蛋白表达降低,Fe(Ⅱ+Ⅲ)含量、MDA水平及TFR1蛋白表达升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).与模型组比较,减味寿胎丸组大鼠蜕膜组织中GSH、GPX水平及GPX4、SLC7A11蛋白表达升高,MDA水平、Fe(Ⅱ+Ⅲ)含量、TFR1蛋白表达降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);地屈孕酮组GPX水平升高,Fe(Ⅰ)含量降低(P＜0.01).地屈孕酮组与减味寿胎丸组各指标差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 减味寿胎丸可减轻流产大鼠脂质过氧化及过度铁累积,抑制子宫蜕膜组织铁死亡,从而防止流产的发生.

The impact of dietary fiber on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is still underway. The aim of our study was to investigate the association between intake of dietary fiber and HPV infection. Overall, 14,151 eligible women, aged 18-59 years old, who submitted an adequate sample for HPV test, were collected from an ongoing, large scale population-based survey for seven cycles. The association of dietary fiber intake and HPV infection was assessed in multivariate logistic models. For sensitivity analysis, generalized additive model (GAM) and smooth curve fitting were employed to verify the robustness of the results. Among 14,151 eligible participants, intake of dietary fiber was negatively associated with HPV infection. Each additional increase in log(10) dietary fiber consumption was associated with a 57% lower risk of HPV infection (OR, 0.43; 95% CI 0.38-0.48). The result is stable in minimally and fully adjusted model. The possibility of nonlinear association of dietary fiber and HPV infection has been excluded by GAM and smooth curve fitting. There was an inverse linear correlation between intake of dietary fiber and HPV infection. Our findings obtained from NHANES dataset suggested that increasing dietary fiber consumption may be associated with the prevalence of HPV infection.