With the rapid development of intensive animal husbandry in the livestock industry, large quantities of manure waste containing phytate phosphorus are being generated. Phytase can effectively solve the problem of high phosphorus pollution in the feces of monogastric animals. Enviropig, which produces phytase in the salivary glands and secretes the enzyme in the saliva, were first generated in 1999. However, phytase is easily inactivated during digestion. To address this problem, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were generated using handmade cloning in this study. Transgene construction was improved and three cell lines carrying Cafp were obtained. In total, 810 blastocysts were generated and 712 good-quality were transferred into six recipients. Fourteen piglets were born, of which six survived after weaning. Polymerase chain reaction and sequencing results showed that seven (three live and four dead) of the fourteen piglets carried Cafp. Phytase activity in the saliva of the six live cloned pigs was tested at four months of age, and only one pig had 0.155 FTU/mL enzyme activity. The other five pigs may not have been activated in the transgenic parotid gland. Among all the transgenic pigs, the highest phosphorus digestion rate was 59.2% of intake, representing a 25.4% decrease in fecal emission compared to the average of controls. Immunohistochemical results on the three Cafp-positive pigs that died after six months of age showed that the transgene was only expressed in parotid glands, confirming tissue-specific gene expression. In conclusion, cleavage-resistant phytase transgenic pigs were successfully produced through handmade cloning. The cloned pigs offer a unique biological approach to managing phosphorus nutrition and environmental pollution in animal husbandry.

Background Leptin (LEP) is believed to play a crucial role in male reproduction, while the molecular mechanisms through which LEP affects the male reproductive system are unclear. LEP acts by binding to a leptin receptor (LEPR) which mediates its physiological action, but there are only limited studies on the function of LEPR in human sperm. Purpose This study aimed to determine the Gln223Arg polymorphisms of the LEPR gene in human spermatozoa and evaluate their possible relationship with semen variables. Methods The study was performed on Chinese men: 115 healthy subjects and 108 patients with primary and 98 with secondary infertility. Semen samples were obtained from all patients, and semen variables were analyzed. The genotypic and allelic frequencies of Gln223Arg polymorphism in spermatozoa were determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using the chi-square test, the Kruskal–Wallis test, and the Mann–Whitney test. Results There were no significant differences in genotypic or allelic frequency distributions of Gln223Arg polymorphism among men with primary infertility, secondary infertility, and controls. Similarly, semen volume and sperm concentration did not differ with the different genotypes in all groups of men. The percentages of motile sperm for AA + AG genotypes in men with primary infertility (31.98%) were significantly lower than those in secondary infertility, and control men with GG genotypes were 34.41% and 59.36%, respectively. At the same time, the percentages of normal morphology sperm for AA + AG genotypes in men with primary infertility (2.93%) were significantly lower than those in secondary infertility and control men with GG genotypes 3.71% and 6.54%, respectively. Conclusion This study reveals a possible association between the Gln223Arg polymorphism of the LEPR gene in spermatozoa affecting spermatozoal membrane integrity and having a direct role in sperm motility.

Background. Leptin has an association with male infertility. However, only sporadic studies inconsistently reported the results. Aim and Objective. In this study, we aimed to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the relationship between leptin and male infertility. Methods. This study was performed based on published articles related to leptin and infertile males. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Ovid + Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Wiley Online Library, Chinese CNKI, Chinese Chong Qing VIP, Chinese Wan Fang, and China Biology Medicine databases were searched to identify all relevant studies. All eligible works of literature were analyzed by the “meta” or “metan” command in STATA version 12.0 software. The standardized mean difference (SMD) of leptin concentration in serum or semen and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for all studies. The heterogeneity was described with I2. The sources of heterogeneity were explored via metaregression, and stratified analyses, sensitivity analyses, and publication bias were performed. Results. Nineteen studies were included in the current meta-analysis, involving 1138 cases of infertile men and 756 controls. The SMD of leptin concentration in serum was 2.002 (95% CI: 1.086, 2.918), Z-test (z) z = 4.29; p<0.001, and I2 was 97.3%, p<0.001. The SMD of leptin concentration in semen was 3.274 (95% CI: 2.137, 4.411), z = 5.64; p<0.001, and I2 was 98.2%, p<0.001. Notably, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was slightly higher in infertile men (SMD = 3.695, z = 2.33, p=0.020, I2 = 98.8%, p<0.001). Other hormones, such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone, were also slightly higher, but the results were not statistically significant. In addition, sperm count (SMD = −4.533, 95% CI: −6.565, −2.501) and sperm motility (SMD = −7.894, 95% CI: −10.616, −5.172) inversely correlated with leptin levels in infertile males. Sperm abnormal forms did not show a statistically significant SMD of −0.076 (95% CI: −3.410, 3.258). Conclusion. Leptin plays a potential role in association with male infertility. This study may effectively reveal the relationship between leptin together with other hormones and its association with male infertility. These results may also provide opinions on precautionary measures.

[目的]探究组蛋白酶B基因(CtsB)在吉富罗非鱼感染无乳链球菌前后的表达差异,为深入研究罗非鱼抗无乳链球菌感染的免疫应答机制及后续通过SNP分子标记/基因组编辑技术快速获得吉富罗非鱼抗病新品种提供科学依据.[方法]通过RACE克隆罗非鱼CtsB基因cDNA全长序列,使用SMART、Splign、MEGA v6.0、BoxShade及MegAlign等在线软件进行生物信息学及系统进化分析,并以实时荧光定量PCR检测吉富罗非鱼CtsB基因组织表达谱及无乳链球菌感染后CtsB基因的表达变化规律.[结果]吉富罗非鱼CtsB基因cDNA序列全长1746 bp,包括161 bp的5'端非编码区(5'-UTR)、592 bp的3'端非编码区(3'-UTR)及993 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),共编码331个氨基酸残基.基于CtsB氨基酸序列相似性构建的系统发育进化树显示,吉富罗非鱼与奥利亚罗非鱼的亲缘关系最近,而与鲤鱼、大菱鲆、牙鲆、半滑舌鳎等物种相距较远.CtsB基因在吉富罗非鱼的肝脏、脾脏、鳃、前肾、脑、肠道、皮肤和肌肉等组织中均有表达,且以鳃组织中的相对表达量最高,是其他器官组织的2.0～3.0倍.吉富罗非鱼抗病家系和易感家系感染无乳链球菌后,CtsB基因在脾脏和肾脏中的相对表达量均显著上调(P<0.05),并于感染后50 h达峰值,且抗病家系的上调表达幅度大于易感家系.[结论]CtsB基因在鱼类的进化过程中具有高度保守性,但在不同物种中的表达模式存在明显差异.CtsB基因是吉富罗非鱼的重要免疫因子,在抵御无乳链球菌入侵过程中发挥着重要的免疫作用,可作为罗非鱼抗病育种的SNP分子标记给予开发利用.

Xylanase inhibitors inhibit the activities of microbial xylanases and seriously compromise the efficacy of microbial xylanases added to modify cereals. Cereal endogenous xylanases are unaffected by these xylanase inhibitors, but little information is available regarding their effects in improving cereal quality, a neglected potential application. As a strategy for circumventing the negative effects of xylanase inhibitors, the objective of this study was to use genetic engineering to obtain sufficient amounts of active endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase from wheat to analyze the characteristics of its structure. The endo-1,4-β-D-xylanase from wheat was heterologously expressed. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), western blotting, MALDI-TOF/TOF (MS) analyses, and enzyme activity determination confirmed 2 active endo-1,4-β-D-xylanases (EXY3 and EXY4) were successfully obtained. The molecular weights (MW) and isoelectric point (pI) of EXY3 were 36.108 kDa and 5.491, while those of the EXY4 protein were 41.933 kDa and 5.726. They both contained the same catalytic domain of GH10 xylanases from G266 to V276 and have the same catalytic site, Glu273. They shared the same putative N-glycosylation sites (N62-T63-S64 and N280–V281–S282) and 3 putative O-glycosylation sites (Ser8, Ser9, and Thr21), but EXY4 had an additional O-glycosylation site (Thr358). EXY3 was smaller than EXY4 by 51 amino acids because of a nonsense mutation and premature termination. They both had the 8-fold beta/alpha-barrel (TIM-barrel) fold. The specific activities of EXY3 and EXY4 were 152.0891 and 67.2928 U/mg, respectively. This work demonstrates a promising way to obtain wheat xylanases by genetic engineering; the properties of the enzymes indicate their potential application in cereal-based industries.

[目的]克隆罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)淀粉酶基因(AMY),并进行生物学信息分析及其表达规律研究,为揭示AMY基因的生物学功能及其对罗氏沼虾生长发育的调控作用机理提供理论依据.[方法]PCR克隆罗氏沼虾AMY基因编码区(CDS)序列,利用ExPASy ProtParam、ExPASy ProtScale、SignalP-5.0、MegAlign及Lasergene v8.0等在线软件进行生物信息学分析,应用实时荧光定量PCR检测AMY基因在罗氏沼虾不同组织(腹神经节、胃、心脏、鳃组织、性腺、肝胰腺、肌肉和肠道)中的表达情况,并明确其在生长快速家系(FG)和生长慢速家系(SG)个体肌肉中的表达模式.[结果]罗氏沼虾AMY基因CDS序列全长2121 bp,共编码706个氨基酸残基;其编码蛋白分子量为76.87 kD,理论等电点(pI)为4.63,属于不稳定的亲水性蛋白,包含2个典型的淀粉酶结构域;在罗氏沼虾AMY蛋白二级结构中,α-螺旋占13.88％,延伸链占21.39％,无规则卷曲占64.73％.罗氏沼虾AMY氨基酸序列与克氏原螯虾AMY氨基酸序列的相似性最高(62.6％),与大珠母贝AMY氨基酸序列的相似性较低(48.9％);基于AMY氨基酸序列相似性构建的系统发育进化树显示,罗氏沼虾与克氏原螯虾的亲缘关系最近,而与中华绒螯蟹的亲缘关系较远.AMY基因在罗氏沼虾不同组织中广泛表达,但存在性别差异性和组织特异性,具体表现为:雌性个体肠道中的相对表达量极显著高于雄性个体(P<0.01,下同),鳃组织中的相对表达量显著高于雄性个体(P<0.05),而肝胰腺中的相对表达量极显著低于雄性个体.罗氏沼虾AMY基因在FG个体肌肉中的相对表达量极显著高于SG个体.[结论]AMY基因在罗氏沼虾的生长发育过程中发挥重要作用,广泛表达于罗氏沼虾的不同组织中,但存在性别差异性和组织特异性.

本研究旨在探明水牛唾液生殖激素、唾液结晶和卵泡发育变化的规律.应用ELISA试剂盒测定水牛唾液和血清中的生殖激素,制作唾液结晶,并分析生殖激素和唾液结晶与卵泡变化的关系.运用唾液结晶法、直肠检查法、唾液结晶+B超法、直肠检查+B超法4种方法在生产中进行验证.结果表明,水牛发情当天唾液雌激素(E2)的水平为233.51 pg/mL,达到一个峰值,随后开始缓慢降低.水牛唾液中孕激素(P4)水平在发情前2d达到16.17 ng/mL,发情当天降到8.91 ng/mL.促卵泡素(FSH)在水牛发情前2d逐渐下降,从37.91 ng/mL降到34.64 ng/mL,但在发情2d后逐渐升高,达到61.20 ng/mL.促黄体素(LH)在发情前1d逐渐下降,从5.15 ng/mL降至发情当天4.12 ng/mL,但在发情1d后升至5.77 ng/mL.B超监测卵巢卵泡从发情前2d迅速生长,到发情当天达到20 mm大小,直到破裂排卵卵泡的大小变化不显著.排卵后形成黄体,黄体期一直维持到下次发情前4 d左右,期间在发情后14～17 d的黄体最大,与水牛唾液中LH分泌峰一致.唾液结晶+B超鉴定方法判定的发情率最高(86.67％),与其他几种方法比较差异显著(P＜0.05);妊娠诊断结果也表明,唾液结晶+B超鉴定方法判定的妊娠率(61.53％)显著高于直肠检查法、唾液结晶法和直肠检查+B超法3种方法鉴定的结果(P＜0.05).综上所述,卵巢上卵泡的发育与唾液中生殖激素的浓度显著相关,发情当天唾液结晶呈现典型的树枝状,唾液结晶+B超法的发情鉴定准确率最高.

麦类饲料含非淀粉多糖(NSP)抗营养因子,严重影响麦类饲料的饲喂价值.添加木聚糖酶能减轻饲料中NSP的抗营养作用,但是麦类饲料中的木聚糖酶抑制蛋白会抑制外源添加的微生物来源木聚糖酶的活性,抗抑制性木聚糖酶的使用具有明显优势.文章综述谷物中存在的木聚糖酶抑制蛋白对外源添加木聚糖酶的抑制作用、抗抑制性木聚糖酶的潜在应用价值、研究现状及应用前景,以期麦类饲料能更好地在畜禽日粮中添加应用.

Nile tilapia is an important economically farmed fish worldwide, and Streptococcus agalactiae has become the most serious disease problem for the tilapia industry in China. Therefore, a better understanding of the innate immune mechanisms and their functions in the context of pathogen invasion is needed. In this study, a high-throughput proteomic strategy was developed for determining the differential expression proteins (DEPs) of the genetically improved farmed tilapia (GIFT) (susceptible and resistant GIFT species) splenic responses to S. agalactiae infection. The results showed 1608 proteins were identified with high confidence (P < 0.05). A total of 441 and 382 DEPs were characterized in susceptible and resistant GIFT tilapia species, respectively. Gene ontology (GO) annotation showed that the DEPs covered many biological functions, including cellular process, metabolism, and immune process. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the DEPs were mainly enriched in the lysosome, apoptosis, and complement and coagulation cascade pathways during S. agalactiae infection. By group comparisons, the proteins related to immune response, cytoskeleton, and energy metabolism of disease-resistant strains were upregulated compared with those of susceptible strain. The content determination of immune-related enzyme activity was consistent with the results obtained throughout the study. More active innate immune system and cell defense is the basis of S. agalactiae resistance for disease-resistant GIFT tilapia species. Furthermore, 34 proteins involved in disease resistance were characterized. Therefore, the present study contributes to a better understanding of the immune system and defense mechanisms of GIFT tilapia in response to S. agalactiae infection and provides valuable recommendations for breeding disease-resistant GIFT tilapia species.

Guangxi indigenous chicken breeds play a very important role in promoting the high-quality development of the broiler industry in China. However, studies on genomic information of Guangxi indigenous chicken to date remain poorly explored. To decipher the population genetic structure and differentially selected regions (DSRs) in Guangxi indigenous chickens, we dug into numerous SNPs from seven Guangxi native chickens (GX) by employing the restriction site associated with DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) technology. Another three breeds, Cobb, White Leghorn, and Chahua (CH) chicken, were used as a control. After quality control, a total of 185,117 autosomal SNPs were kept for further analysis. The results showed a significant difference in population structure, and the control breeds were distinctly separate from the Guangxi native breeds, which was also strongly supported by the phylogenetic tree. Distribution of FST indicated that there were three SNPs with big genetic differentiation (FST value all reach to 0. 9427) in GX vs. CH group, which were located on chr1-96,859,720,chr4-86,139,601, and chr12-8,128,322, respectively. Besides, we identified 717 DSRs associated with 882 genes in GX vs. Cobb group, 769 DSRs with 476 genes in GX vs. Leghorn group, and 556 DSRs with 779 genes in GX vs. CH group. GO enrichment showed that there were two significant terms, namely GPI-linked ephrin receptor activity and BMP receptor binding, which were enriched in GX vs. Leghorn group. In conclusion, this study suggests that Guangxi native chickens have a great differentiation with Cobb and Leghorn. Our findings would be beneficial to fully evaluate the genomic information on Guangxi native chicken and facilitate the application of these resources in chicken breeding.

The giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (M . rosenbergii) as an important freshwater aquaculture species with high commercial value, exhibited unsynchronized growth. However, the potentially metabolic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to investigate the hepatopancreatic metabolic profiles of twenty giant freshwater prawns between the fast-growing group and slow-growing group. In the metabolomics assay, we isolated 8,293 peaks in positive and negative iron mode. Subsequently, 44 significantly differential metabolites were identified. Functional pathway analysis revealed that these metabolites were significantly enriched in three key metabolic pathways. Further integrated analysis indicated that glycerophospholipid metabolism and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis have significant impact on growth performance in M . rosenbergii . Our findings presented here demonstrated the critical metabolites and metabolic pathways involved in growth performance, moreover provided strong evidence for elucidating the potentially metabolic mechanism of the unsynchronized growth in M . rosenbergii .

为了研究广西地方鸡品种东兰乌鸡不同周龄蛋品质及其变化规律,试验在饲养条件相同的条件下,测定了东兰乌鸡不同周龄(28,32,36,40,44,48,52,56,60周龄)的蛋品质指标,检测指标包括蛋重、蛋形指数、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位、蛋壳比率、蛋壳强度、蛋壳厚度、蛋黄比率.结果 表明:蛋重随着产蛋周龄的增加而增大,产蛋后期显著高于产蛋前、中期(P＜0.05),蛋形指数和蛋黄比率随着产蛋周龄的增加呈上升趋势,蛋壳强度和蛋壳比率随着产蛋周龄的增加呈下降趋势,蛋壳厚度、哈氏单位和蛋黄颜色在整个产蛋周期内无明显的变化规律.总体而言,东兰乌鸡蛋蛋重较小、蛋壳较薄、蛋形规则、蛋白浓稠、蛋黄比率高、蛋黄颜色适中.说明东兰乌鸡作为广西地方鸡品种具有较好的蛋品质,且在不同产蛋期的蛋品质具有一定的变化规律.

为研究CALM1基因rs314448799及其相邻位点在广西麻鸡中的遗传效应,试验比较不同基因型个体之间产蛋量差异,并采用RT-qPCR技术检测CALM1基因在不同基因型个体卵巢、子宫组织中的表达水平.结果 显示,四个位点中只有rs314448799位点与产蛋量显著相关,其中CC基因型个体的产蛋量最高,CT基因型个体的产蛋量次之,且均显著高于TT型(P＜0.05).通过定量分析发现,在卵巢中,rs314448799位点CC型和TT型个体的CALM1基因表达量差异不显著(P＞0.05);但在子宫中,CC型个体的CALM1基因表达量显著高于TT型(P＜0.05).研究结果表明,通过对rs314448799位点上CC、CT、TT三种基因型个体的鉴定可对广西麻鸡高低产蛋量个体的筛选提供参考,同时也为广西麻鸡高产蛋量分子标记的开发提供理论依据.

唾液具有溶菌、消化和滋润口腔等多种生物学功能,唾液中含有各种酶类,唾液是一种非损伤性的体液,作为研究材料被应用.唾液蛋白质组学研究也成为现代组学研究的热点内容.本文对唾液的收集方法、组学研究方面的应用、疾病方面、生物标记,特别是对水牛唾液蛋白组学方面的研究进行了综述,旨在为今后其他物种唾液蛋白质组学方面的研究奠定基础.

为获得罗氏沼虾蜕皮激素受体(ecdysone receptor, EcR)基因编码序列,并检测mRNA表达模式.本实验拟利用克隆测序技术,以肝胰腺为实验素材,扩增EcR基因的编码区;借助生物信息学手段对所得序列进行分析;采用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测EcR基因在肌肉和肝胰腺等8个组织中的mRNA表达量.结果 表明,罗氏沼虾EcR基因的编码区长度为1 716 bp,共编码571个氨基酸.物种间同源性比较分析发现,罗氏沼虾EcR基因序列与褐虾、黑背陆地蟹、日本沼虾、美洲龙螯虾、大西洋砂招潮蟹、蓝蟹、三疣梭子蟹、中华绒螯蟹和拟穴青蟹的同源性分别为90.7％、84.1％、83％、81％、81％、80.6％、79.8％、77.2％和75.9％.组织表达谱结果显示,EcR基因在所检8种组织中广泛表达,且不同性别相同组织间和相同性别不同组织间EcR的表达均存在不同程度的差异性.其中EcR基因在雄虾的鳃组织中表达量最高,在肌肉组织表达量最低;在雌虾的卵巢组织中高表达,在腹节神经组织中低表达.此外,EcR基因在雌虾的性腺、肠和肝胰腺组织中的表达量极显著或显著高于雄虾(p＜0.01或p＜0.05),在鳃组织中极显著低于雄虾(p＜0.01).本研究成功克隆了罗氏沼虾的EcR基因,检测到EcR基因在各组织中广泛表达,且在不同性别相同组织和相同性别不同组织中存在显著差异.本实验为进一步研究EcR基因与生长发育调控作用提供了理论依据.

[目的]分析罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)胰蛋白酶(TRY)基因的生物信息学及其mRNA的表达情况,为深入探究TRY基因的生物学功能和提高罗氏沼虾产量提供参考依据.[方法]利用MegAlign、ProtParam、ProtScale和MLRC等在线软件对罗氏沼虾TRY基因进行生物信息学分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测其在罗氏沼虾腹部神经、胃、心脏、鳃、性腺、肝胰腺、肌肉和肠道等8个组织中的表达情况,进一步分析TRY基因在罗氏沼虾生长快速家系(FG)和生长慢速家系(SG)个体肌肉组织中的表达规律.[结果]罗氏沼虾TRY氨基酸序列与刀额新对虾(Metapenaeus ensis)TRY氨基酸序列的同源性最高,与凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei) TRY氨基酸序列的同源性最低.罗氏沼虾TRY蛋白的分子量为28.54 kD,理论等电点为4.44,属于疏水性蛋白.罗氏沼虾TRY蛋白二级结构中α-螺旋占17.67％,延伸链占21.05％,无规则卷曲占61.28％.罗氏沼虾TRY基因在所检组织中均有表达,在雌性和雄性个体的肝胰腺组织中均高表达,而在雌性个体的鳃和雄性个体的肌肉组织中低表达.此外,罗氏沼虾TRY基因在FG个体肌肉组织中的表达量极显著高于在SG个体肌肉组织中的表达量(P＜0.01).[结论]罗氏沼虾与刀额新对虾的亲缘关系最近;TRY基因在罗氏沼虾各组织中均广泛表达,以在雌、雄罗氏沼虾肝胰腺组织中表达量最高,且存在性别差异性.TRY基因在罗氏沼虾生长发育过程中发挥了重要作用,可能正向调控罗氏沼虾的生长发育.

为了探讨南丹瑶鸡优良蛋品质的分子基础,试验以256只产蛋期南丹瑶鸡为研究对象,测定其在整个产蛋周期(24～60周)所产蛋的蛋品质,同时翅静脉采血提取基因组DNA,利用多重PCR技术检测与蛋品质相关基因的SNP位点,并对SNP位点与蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、蛋形指数、蛋重及哈氏单位等7个蛋品质性状进行关联分析.结果表明:南丹瑶鸡蛋品质变异大.蛋白高度分别在32,40,48,52,56周龄关联到的显著SNP位点有1,2,1,1,1个;蛋黄颜色分别在28,56,60周龄关联到的显著SNP位点有1,2,1;蛋壳厚度分别在40,60周龄关联到的显著SNP位点有6,2个;蛋壳强度分别在36,48,56周龄关联到的显著SNP位点有2,1,1个;蛋形指数分别在24,32,40周龄关联到的显著SNP位点有1,1,1个;蛋重分别在32,48,56周龄关联到的显著SNP位点有2,1,2个;哈氏单位分别在36,40,48,56周龄关联到的显著SNP位点有1,1,1,1个.南丹瑶鸡具有优秀的蛋品质,筛选得到的与不同周龄南丹瑶鸡蛋品质显著相关的SNP位点有chr1_65234293、chr1_65234317、chr1_65234336、chr1_65258207、chr1_68526266、chr1_68526267、chr1_68526344、chr1 _68526357、chr1 _85290991、chr12_3349578、chr12_3351761、chr4_16561900、chr4_16561922、chr4_16562030、chr4_16562070、chr9_4769768、chr9_4771619、chr9_4771623、chr9_4771738、chr9_4771779、chr9_4772495共21个.说明试验筛选出的SNP位点可用于南丹瑶鸡的育种.

Ohno’s hypothesis predicts that the expression of the single X chromosome in males needs compensatory upregulation to balance its dosage with that of the diploid autosomes. Additionally, X chromosome inactivation ensures that quadruple expression of the two X chromosomes is avoided in females. These mechanisms have been actively studied in mice and humans but lag behind in domestic species. Using RNA sequencing data, we analyzed the X chromosome upregulation in sheep fetal tissues from day 135 of gestation under control, over or restricted maternal diets (100%, 140% and 60% of National Research Council Total Digestible Nutrients), and in conceptuses, juvenile, and adult somatic tissues. By computing the mean expression ratio of all X-linked genes to all autosomal genes (X:A), we found that all samples displayed some levels of X chromosome upregulation. The degrees of X upregulation were not significant (P-value = 0.74) between ovine females and males in the same somatic tissues. Brain, however, displayed complete X upregulation. Interestingly, the male and female reproduction-related tissues exhibited divergent X dosage upregulation. Moreover, expression upregulation of the X chromosome in fetal tissues was not affected by maternal diets. Maternal nutrition, however, did change expression levels of several X-linked genes, such as sex determination genes SOX3 and NR0B1. In summary, our results showed that X chromosome upregulation occurred in nearly all sheep somatic tissues analyzed, thus support Ohno’s hypothesis in a new species. However, the levels of upregulation differed by different subgroups of genes such as those that are house-keeping and “dosage-sensitive”.

In mammals, Galectin-3 has been revealed to be widely expressed in immune cells and played important role in immune reactions. However, Galectin-3 is frequently less reported in teleost. In the present study, a molecular characterization and expression analysis of galectin-3 were conducted in GIFT strain Nile tilapia. The full-length CDNA is 1034 bp with 690 bp of protein coding sequences. The result of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA of galectin-3 was widely expressed in various tissues (heart, liver, spleen, gill, kidney, brain, intestine, skin, muscle, and ovary), and the higher expression was observed in immune-related tissues (liver and spleen). The time course expression analysis revealed that galectin-3 was significantly up-regulated in intestine (5 h, 50 h, and 7 d), liver (5 h, 50 h, and 7 d), spleen (5 and 50 h), head-kidney (5 and 50 h), gill (5 h and 7 d) after Streptococcus agalactiae challenge, and significantly up-regulated in intestine (18, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h), liver (6, 18, 24, 96 h, and 6 d), spleen (18, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h), head-kidney (6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72, and 96 h), and gill (12, 18, 24, and 36 h) after Aeromonas hydrophila challenge. Taken together, these data suggest that galectin-3 plays a role in immune responses in Nile tilapia after bacterial challenge.

罗氏沼虾(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)具有生长快、养殖周期短、营养价值高等优点,是我国主要的淡水虾养殖品种,在生长性能方面表现出性别两态性:同龄雌、雄虾个体的大小、生长速度相差悬殊,导致大规模生产罗氏沼虾受到限制,因此迫切需要采用性别控制技术开展罗氏沼虾单性化育苗,培育全雌/全雄罗氏沼虾以提高养殖产量,而实现罗氏沼虾单性化养殖的前提必须明确性别分化和性别决定的分子机制及其关键基因.文章就罗氏沼虾性别相关基因的研究进展及其单性化养殖发展现状进行综述,认为全雄/全雌罗氏沼虾育种的关键技术是伪雌或超雌虾制备.鉴于罗非鱼三系[原系(XX♀)、雄性纯合系(YY♂)和雄性纯合转化系(YY♀)]配套方案的启发,今后可对罗氏沼虾遗传型WW超雌个体进行性逆转,获得伪雄个体(遗传型WW,生理型ZZ),经回交所得后代用于构建超雌虾种质库,即通过性别分化和性别决定机制解析及超雌种质库构建,研发自主的单性化罗氏沼虾制种技术,培育全雄/全雌罗氏沼虾将成为可能.