Two new species of Boletaceae (Hortiboletus rubroreticulatus and Tylopilus aurantiovulpinus) discovered during an investigation of the mycobiota of Central Vietnam (Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve; Ta Dung National Park; Bidoup—Nui Ba National Park; Kon Ka Kinh National Park) are described on the basis of molecular and morphological data. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion on similar taxa are given. Additionally, eight species which were recorded for the first time in Vietnam are listed and illustrated here. A new combination Kgaria virescens was made for one of these species. These results were confirmed by the phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2, nrLSU, and tef1α regions.

A total of 81 fungal species including ten ascomycete and 71 basidiomycete species have been recorded for the first time from 19 administrative regions of Russia: Kabardino-Balkarian Republic (6), Republic of Crimea (6), Republic of Tyva (2), Perm Krai (8), Primorsky Krai (2), Arkhangelsk Oblast (2), Bryansk Oblast (1), Irkutsk Oblast (3), Murmansk Oblast (6), Novosibirsk Oblast (1), Oryol Oblast (1), Pskov Oblast (2), Tula Oblast (27), Tyumen Oblast (5), Ulyanovsk Oblast (1), Yaroslavl Oblast (1), Saint Petersburg Federal City (1), Sevastopol Federal City (3), and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (4 species). An annotated species list containing the data on locality, substrate, habitat type, date of collection, and voucher numbers is provided. Berkleasmium conglobatum, Biporispora europaea, Heydenia arietina, Lopadostoma pouzarii, Navicella pileata, Trizodia acrobia (Ascomycota), and Callistosporium pseudofelleum, Coltricia confluens, Melanoleuca monticola (Basidiomycota) are reported as the first records in Russia. Clitopilus geminus, Crepidotus stenocystis, Flammulina populicola, Mycena luteovariegata, and Pholiotina longistipitata are recorded in Russia for the second time. Among them, Clitopilus geminus is a new species to European Russia, and Crepidotus stenocystis is a new one to the Asian part of Russia. Amanita mairei, Cortinarius integerrimus, Flammulina elastica, and Infundibulicybe gigas are reported for the third time. New data on rare and little-collected species Purpureodiscus subisabellinus and Hydnellum gracilipes is presented. Complete sequences of ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 nuclear ribosomal DNA for nine species reported have been generated and submitted to the GenBank database.

The article reviews available data on the “death cap” (Amanita phalloides) occurrences in the North-West of the European Russia (Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov Oblasts and St. Petersburg City). The literature data are analyzed, the review of ecological preferences of the species in the studied area is carried out. It has been suggested that the species can be both native and imported and was introduced with broad-leaved tree seedlings during the foundation of numerous manor parks in the XVIII–XIX centuries. Molecular-genetic analysis was carried out, showing that ITS sequences of A. phalloides samples from Leningrad Oblast form a common clade with the sequences of collections from Central Russia as well as from Northern and Central Europe.

The article reviews available data on the “death cap” (Amanita phalloides) occurrences in the North-West of the European Russia (Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov Oblasts and St. Petersburg City). The literature data are analyzed, the review of ecological preferences of the species in the studied area is carried out. It has been suggested that the species can be both native and imported and was introduced with broad-leaved tree seedlings during the foundation of numerous manor parks in the XVIII–XIX centuries. Molecular-genetic analysis was carried out, showing that ITS sequences of A. phalloides samples from Leningrad Oblast form a common clade with the sequences of collections from Central Russia as well as from Northern and Central Europe.

The article provides information about the distribution and state of local populations in the Leningrad Region and the Republic of Karelia of a rare fungus Sarcosoma globosum (Schmidel) Casp. listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. Data on a number of new localities of the species are presented, including information on the occurrence of S. globosum in the eastern part of the Leningrad Region and on islands in the Gulf of Finland, where the fungus has been recorded for the first time. The authors’ own field surveys show that within the regions in question the species is mainly associated with little disturbed mediumaged spruce and spruce-small-leaved forests (less often with old-growth communities) on well-moistened and relatively nutrient-rich soils. In the surveys, the number of fruit bodies in the local populations of S. globosum varied from single fruit bodies to 120–200. Phenological patterns were noted for the species in the Leningrad Region and Karelia: a majority of the findings were made from April to June, but in years with long and warm autumn periods fruit bodies were found to develop also in November and December. Alteration of the species distribution and increase in the number of localities with S. globosum are probably associated with climate change: the authors, in agreement with Finnish researchers, attribute a noticeable “upsurge” of new findings of the species in the Leningrad Region and Karelia in recent years to a decrease in the number of long, severe winters. The recommended measures for the species protection include establishment of protected areas in the places of its growth as well as inclusion of S. globosum in the Red Data Book of the Republic of Karelia.

Eighteen specimens of Pluteus collected from the tropical forests of Vietnam were studied using morphological and molecular approaches. Pluteus podospilloides, P. semibulbosus, P. chrysaegis and P. septocystidiatus are registered as additional or new records for Vietnam. Four species (P. conformis, P. lucidus, P. subroseus, and P. ornatus) are proposed as new to science, and several other collections (Pluteus sp. 1, P. aff. septocystidiatus, P. aff. pauperculus and P. cf. velutinus) are given an inconclusive taxonomic status for now. The taxonomic positions of all specimens were confirmed using DNA data (nrITS and tef1). Descriptions of the macro- and microscopic features of the studied collections with a discussion of similar taxa are given.

The paper continues a series of publications devoted to the new finds of macrofungi (Ascomycota, Basidiomycota) in regions of the Russian Far East. A total of 77 species of macromycetes are reported for the first time from 7administrative units of the Russian Far East: Amur Oblast, Jewish Autonomous Oblast, Magadan Oblast, Sakhalin Oblast, Kamchatka Krai, Khabarovsk Krai and Primorskiy Krai. 13 species are reported as the first records for the Russian Far East, and 4 (Calycina subtilis, Cistella fugiens, Lachnum roridum and Lasiobelonium horridulum) are new for Russia. For some of the rare species, notes are given about the main differences in morphology and ecology, about the features of distribution. The identification of Jahnoporus brachiatus is confirmed by molecular genetic data, and this specimen was isolated into pure culture. The material was deposited in ABGI, LE, MAG, SVER, TOB, VLA herbaria as well as in the Yu. Rebriev (YuR) and A. Shiryaev (Shiryaev) personal collections.

A new species, Vanilla cardinalis (Orchidaceae, Vanilloideae) discovered in southern Vietnam (Phu Yen Province, Song Hinh District) is described and illustrated. Data on ecology, phenology, distribution, and estimated IUCN Red List conservation status of the new species are provided. Differences of V. cardinalis from its morphologically similar congeners are briefly discussed. Additionally, a checklist of the genus Vanilla and the morphologically similar Miguelia in Vietnam is presented.

One new species of Volvariella (V. orientalis) is described based on materials collected from Vietnam. The species is characterized by large, stout basidiocarps with pilose-squamulose pileus, saccate volva, basidiospores 7.5–8.5 × 5.0–6.0 µm, and mucronate cheilocystidia. The macro- and microscopic descriptions with discussion on similar taxa are given, and their taxonomic position is supported by phylogenetic analyses based on nrITS and nrLSU regions.

Three new species of Entoloma subgenus Cyanula (Entoloma argus, E. arion, and E. icarus) from Kon Chu Rang Nature Reserve and one species of subgenus Claudopus (E. daphnis) from Cat Tien National Park were discovered during an investigation of the diversity of the mycobiota of Central and South Vietnam and are described here. Illustrated descriptions of their macro- and microscopic features and discussion of similar taxa are given. Phylogenetic analysis was based on nrITS1-5.8S-ITS2 and nrLSU regions. The results confirm the polyphyletic origin of the pleurotoid basidiocarp form in the genus Entoloma.

Taxa in the Gyromitra gigas species complex were previously studied and their taxonomy resolved. During ongoing studies in this group, cryptic speciation was discovered in G. gigas . Sequences of the ITS and LSU regions from 75 specimens were included in maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses to establish species boundaries and resolve species relationships. Sequence similarity comparisons were also conducted between the two ribosomal markers and between the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. Gyromitra gigas sensu stricto and two additional species were discovered within the G. gigas clade. Gyromitra ussuriensis was rediscovered as a distinct taxon and removed from synonymy under G. gigas . It occurs in central and eastern Asia, whereas G. gigas occurs mostly in Europe but also extends into central Asia. A neotype is designated for G. ussuriensis . A new species, Gyromitra americanigigas , is described and illustrated from eastern North America. Although morphology and the LSU exhibited little variation among the three species, the ITS1 and ITS2 regions displayed similar interspecific sequence variability around 0.5–1%, which is sufficient for species identification at the molecular level.

In this paper, for the first time in Russia we report on four new occurrences of the rare xylarialean ascomycete Chlorostroma vestlandicumrevealed in the course of mycological surveys of the Northwestern European Russia. Description and colour illustrations of the material studied are provided. Dutch Elm Disease as the major possible threat for the species is discussed. The species is recommended for inclusion in the next editions of the regional Red Data Books of Leningrad, Novgorod, and Pskov Regions.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: Antartica, Cladosporium austrolitorale from coastal sea sand. Australia, Austroboletus yourkae on soil, Crepidotus innuopurpureus on dead wood, Curvularia stenotaphri from roots and leaves of Stenotaphrum secundatum and Thecaphora stajsicii from capsules of Oxalis radicosa. Belgium, Paraxerochrysium coryli (incl. Paraxerochrysium gen. nov.) from Corylus avellana. Brazil, Calvatia nordestina on soil, Didymella tabebuiicola from leaf spots on Tabebuia aurea, Fusarium subflagellisporum from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of Mangifera indica and Microdochium maculosum from living leaves of Digitaria insularis. Canada, Cuphophyllus bondii from a grassland. Croatia, Mollisia inferiseptata from a rotten Laurus nobilis trunk. Cyprus, Amanita exilis on calcareous soil. Czech Republic, Cytospora hippophaicola from wood of symptomatic Vaccinium corymbosum. Denmark, Lasiosphaeria deviata on pieces of wood and herbaceous debris. Dominican Republic, Calocybella goethei among grass on a lawn. France (Corsica), Inocybe corsica on wet ground. France (French Guiana), Trechispora patawaensis on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and Trechispora subregularis on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. Germany, Paramicrothecium sambuci (incl. Paramicrothecium gen. nov.) on dead stems of Sambucus nigra. India, Aureobasidium microtermitis from the gut of a Microtermes sp. termite, Laccaria diospyricola on soil and Phylloporia tamilnadensis on branches of Catunaregam spinosa. Iran, Pythium serotinoosporum from soil under Prunus dulcis. Italy, Pluteus brunneovenosus on twigs of broadleaved trees on the ground. Japan, Heterophoma rehmanniae on leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa f. hueichingensis. Kazakhstan, Murispora kazachstanica from healthy roots of Triticum aestivum. Namibia, Caespitomonium euphorbiae (incl. Caespitomonium gen. nov.) from stems of an Euphorbia sp. Netherlands, Alfaria junci, Myrmecridium junci, Myrmecridium juncicola, Myrmecridium juncigenum, Ophioceras junci, Paradinemasporium junci (incl. Paradinemasporium gen. nov.), Phialoseptomonium junci, Sporidesmiella juncicola, Xenopyricularia junci and Zaanenomyces quadripartis (incl. Zaanenomyces gen. nov.), from dead culms of Juncus effusus, Cylindromonium everniae and Rhodoveronaea everniae from Evernia prunastri, Cyphellophora sambuci and Myrmecridium sambuci from Sambucus nigra, Kiflimonium junci, Sarocladium junci, Zaanenomyces moderatricis-academiae and Zaanenomyces versatilis from dead culms of Juncus inflexus, Microcera physciae from Physcia tenella, Myrmecridium dactylidis from dead culms of Dactylis glomerata, Neochalara spiraeae and Sporidesmium spiraeae from leaves of Spiraea japonica, Neofabraea salicina from Salix sp., Paradissoconium narthecii (incl. Paradissoconium gen. nov.) from dead leaves of Narthecium ossifragum, Polyscytalum vaccinii from Vaccinium myrtillus, Pseudosoloacrosporiella cryptomeriae (incl. Pseudosoloacrosporiella gen. nov.) from leaves of Cryptomeria japonica, Ramularia pararhabdospora from Plantago lanceolata, Sporidesmiella pini from needles of Pinus sylvestris and Xenoacrodontium juglandis (incl. Xenoacrodontium gen. nov. and Xenoacrodontiaceae fam. nov.) from Juglans regia. New Zealand, Cryptometrion metrosideri from twigs of Metrosideros sp., Coccomyces pycnophyllocladi from dead leaves of Phyllocladus alpinus, Hypoderma aliforme from fallen leaves Fuscopora solandri and Hypoderma subiculatum from dead leaves Phormium tenax. Norway, Neodevriesia kalakoutskii from permafrost and Variabilispora viridis from driftwood of Picea abies. Portugal, Entomortierella hereditatis from a biofilm covering a deteriorated limestone wall. Russia, Colpoma junipericola from needles of Juniperus sabina, Entoloma cinnamomeum on soil in grasslands, Entoloma verae on soil in grasslands, Hyphodermella pallidostraminea on a dry dead branch of Actinidia sp., Lepiota sayanensis on litter in a mixed forest, Papiliotrema horticola from Malus communis, Paramacroventuria ribis (incl. Paramacroventuria gen. nov.) from leaves of Ribes aureum and Paramyrothecium lathyri from leaves of Lathyrus tuberosus. South Africa, Harzia combreti from leaf litter of Combretum collinum ssp. sulvense, Penicillium xyleborini from Xyleborinus saxesenii, Phaeoisaria dalbergiae from bark of Dalbergia armata, Protocreopsis euphorbiae from leaf litter of Euphorbia ingens and Roigiella syzygii from twigs of Syzygium chordatum. Spain, Genea zamorana on sandy soil, Gymnopus nigrescens on Scleropodium touretii, Hesperomyces parexochomi on Parexochomus quadriplagiatus, Paraphoma variabilis from dung, Phaeococcomyces kinklidomatophilus from a blackened metal railing of an industrial warehouse and Tuber suaveolens in soil under Quercus faginea. Svalbard and Jan Mayen, Inocybe nivea associated with Salix polaris. Thailand, Biscogniauxia whalleyi on corticated wood. UK, Parasitella quercicola from Quercus robur. USA, Aspergillus arizonicus from indoor air in a hospital, Caeliomyces tampanus (incl. Caeliomyces gen. nov.) from office dust, Cippumomyces mortalis (incl. Cippumomyces gen. nov.) from a tombstone, Cylindrium desperesense from air in a store, Tetracoccosporium pseudoaerium from air sample in house, Toxicocladosporium glendoranum from air in a brick room, Toxicocladosporium losalamitosense from air in a classroom, Valsonectria portsmouthensis from air in men’s locker room and Varicosporellopsis americana from sludge in a water reservoir. Vietnam, Entoloma kovalenkoi on rotten wood, Fusarium chuoi inside seed of Musa itinerans, Micropsalliota albofelina on soil in tropical evergreen mixed forests and Phytophthora docyniae from soil and roots of Docynia indica. Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes.

Based on the results of the long-term (2008–2020) studies of macromycetes in Oryol Region, a list of 24 fungal species recommended for the second edition of the regional Red Data Book has been compiled. The list includes 4 species of basidial fungi (Clavariadelphus pistillaris, Cortinarius violaceus, Grifola frondosa, and Gyroporus cyanescens) that were included in the first edition of the Red Data Book of Oryol Region (2007) and another 20 species (Aeruginoscyphus sericeus, Bulgaria inquinans, Clavaria zollingeri, Ganoderma lucidum, Gloiodon strigosus, Gyroporus castaneus, Hericium coralloides, Holwaya mucida, Hydnocristella himantia, Metuloidea murashkinskyi, Phellinidium ferrugineofuscum, Polyporus umbellatus, Ramaria fennica, Ramariopsis crocea, Ramariopsis pulchella, Rhizochaete sulphurina, Rhodonia placenta, Rhodotus palmatus, Skeletocutis odora, Triblidium caliciiforme) that are proposed for protection for the first time. Each species is provided with the Latin name, followed by brief characteristics of its current taxonomic position, biology and ecology, population‐limiting factors in the region, data on the range in Russia and on the distribution in Oryol Region, as well as the recommended protection category. The presented species list includes two species (Clavaria zollingeri, Rhodotus palmatus) from the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and three species (Ganoderma lucidum, Grifola frondosa, Polyporus umbellatus) recorded in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation (2008). Two species (Aeruginoscyphus sericeus and Rhodotus palmatus) are new to Oryol Region.