目的 评价人抗菌肽LL?37对小鼠皮肤烫伤耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)感染模型的治疗作用.方法 建立小鼠皮肤烫伤MRSA感染模型.随机分为三组:LL?37组、生理盐水组、庆大霉素组,观察不同组小鼠的大体状况;选取3、5、9、14 d测定小鼠烫伤感染处的皮肤菌负荷,观察创面愈合情况以及组织学变化,评价人抗菌肽LL?37的抗菌活性作用.结果 给予LL?37治疗后,LL?37组第3天和第5天创面皮肤菌负荷数[(6.89±0.17)和(5.57±0.32)Lg(CFU/g tissue)]均明显低于生理盐水组[(8.27±0.31)和(7.86±0.39)Lg(CFU/g tissue)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).第9天,LL?37组菌负荷大幅度降低[(3.66±0.14)Lg(CFU/g tissue)],比生理盐水组[(6.91±0.26)Lg(CFU/g tissue)]低3.3 Lg(CFU/g tissue),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).相比生理盐水组,LL?37组创面面积缩小显著,愈合率统计结果与庆大霉素组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).组织病理学结果显示LL?37组创面愈合良好.结论 抗菌肽LL?37能够抑制烫伤创面MRSA的定植与增长,控制感染的发展,对小鼠皮肤烫伤MRSA感染具有良好的治疗作用.

本文结合微信应用医学检验专业的教学实践，从理论教学、实验教学、PBL 教学、课后辅导几个方面分析了微信移动教学的可行性、优越性及目前教学实践中存在的问题，并提出了相应的解决方案，旨在利用微信平台为信息化教学开辟新的途径，并为医学院校教学改革提供实践参考。

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the significance of pathological changes in murine lung by a single intramuscular injection of chemokine-like factor 1 (CKLF1).METHODS:A total of 120 gender-matched BALB/c mice were randomly and evenly divided into treatment group and control group (60 in each). One hundred nanomilligram of pcDNA3.1-CKLF1-Myc-His, CKLF1-expressing plasmid, in 100 microl of pyrogen-free saline was injected into the anterior tibial muscle of mice followed by the delivery of electric pulses. Mice in the control group received 100 microg of pcDNA3.1-Myc-His in 100 microl of pyrogen-free saline. At the end of week 1, 4 and 8 respectively after injection of CKLF1, 20 mice were sacrificed in every group and the cellular profiles in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and the pulmonary pathological changes were observed.RESULTS:At the end of week 1 and 4 respectively after CKLF1 injection, the neutrophils [(35.0 +/- 5.2)% and (22.9 +/- 2.2)% respectively] and lymphocytes [(34.5 +/- 2.8)% and (22.0 +/- 2.0)% respectively] in BALF of the treatment group were higher than those of the control group [neutrophils: (6.7 +/- 2.2)% and (7.0 +/- 2.4)% respectively, lymphocytes: (5.9 +/- 1.6)% and (6.1 +/- 2.7)% respectively, all P < 0.01]. Pathological studies demonstrated shedding of bronchiolar epithelium, congestion and edema in interstitial tissue and inflammatory cell infiltration in mice at 1 week after CKLF1 injection. Week 4 after CKLF1 administration, the alveolar wall was shown significantly thickened with proliferation of neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts as well as remarked collagen deposition in the interstitium. At the end of week 8 after CKLF1 administration, the remarkable morphological changes of the lung gradually subsided and the structure of the lung returned to normal.CONCLUSIONS:CKLF1 causes injury of inflammation and remodeling in airway in mice. The pulmonary pathological changes induced by a single intramuscular injection of CKLF are reversible.

目的:探讨Western印迹法与免疫组化在非小细胞肺癌中神经内分泌(NE)分化诊断中的价值.方法:对46例非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)采用Western印迹法及免疫组化进行了神经特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、嗜铬粒素A(CgA)、突触素(Syn)的检测.结果:Western印迹法在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中检测NSE、CgA和Syn的阳性率分别为63.0%、65.0%、50.0%,均高于免疫组化的阳性率47.8%、26.1%、34.7.Western印迹法和免疫组化的检测结果与肺癌的组织学类型和分化程度无明显关系.结论:NSCLC中存在较高比例的神经内分泌分化.Western印迹法和免疫组化对诊断NSCLC中的神经内分泌分化均有重要帮助.

免疫组化在检测非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)中神经内分泌(NE)分化的阳性率各家报道不一,如NSE从11%～100%.出现这种差别方法学是主要原因之一.Western印迹法(Western blot)在分子生物学研究中广泛用于微量蛋白水平的测定,但在肺癌组织中检测NE分化,文献报道不多.本文比较了Western印迹法及免疫组化法对肺癌组织中神经烯醇化酶(NSE)、嗜铬粒素A(CgA)和突触素(SYN)检测的优缺点.

目的观察胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)所致小鼠肺纤维化的病理变化.方法应用电脉冲裸基因肌肉注射法,观察注射截短型IGF1后2,3,4及8周组小鼠肺组织病理学变化.结果 2周组小鼠肺间质充血水肿.3周组肺泡隔明显增厚,大量肺泡上皮细胞,巨噬细胞及成纤维细胞增生.4周组肺间质大量胶原沉积,肺纤维化样改变.8周组肺纤维化病变明显减轻,肺泡结构渐趋恢复.结论 IGF-1可直接导致肺纤维化发生.IGF-1介导的肺纤维化早期病变可以逆转.

基质金属蛋白酶(MMPs)是一类结构高度同源的内肽酶的总称,它因含有金属离子(锌离子、钙离子)而得名.MMPs通过分解细胞外基质(包括胶原纤维、弹力纤维、各种糖蛋白及蛋白多糖),在组织重塑、细胞迁移、血管生成、伤口愈合、炎症等各种生理病理过程中发挥关键作用.近年来研究表明,MMPs在支气管哮喘患者气道炎症及组织重塑中发挥重要作用.许多研究者对支气管哮喘患者的诱导痰液、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)、肺活检标本以及体外培养的巨噬细胞进行了MMPs检测分析,其MMP-9产生明显增高(MMP-9主要来源于嗜酸细胞、巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞),同时金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂TIMP-1亦明显增高;且MMP-9/TIMP-1比例出现失衡.在哮喘患者中MMP-9的过量表达与Ⅲ、V型胶原以及tenascin在基底膜的沉积显著相关,并与气流受限的程度、气道高反应性相关[1].我们的实验试图通过支气管哮喘豚鼠模型的建立,研究其肺组织MMP-9的表达及其动态变化,探讨其特异抑制剂对支气管哮喘的治疗价值.

OBJECTIVE:To study differentiation of neuroendocrine (NE) in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and its effect on the responsiveness to chemotherapy.METHODS:Neuron-specific enolase (NSE), chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (SYN) were detected in 42 cases of NSCLC by using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Electron microscopy was also used to observe the ultrastructure of NE granule in above specimens. The relationship between the chemotherapeutic responsiveness and the differentiation of NE in carcinoma tissues was evaluated.RESULTS:(1) The positive rate of NE detected by Western blot is higher than that detected by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. (2) There is no relationship between the expression of NE and the type of lung carcinoma as well as the differentiated degree of carcinoma. (3) The positive rate of three markers detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods in the group of responsive to chemotherapy is higher than that in non-responsive group (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONS:There is a high rate of NE differentiation in NSCLC, of which NSE's rate is highest, SYN takes second place, and CgA's rate is lowest. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot method are both very useful for the diagnosis of NE differentiation in NSCLC. The sensitivity of Western blot is higher than immunohistochemistry. The differentiation of NE may be one of the factors effected the chemotherapy in NSCLC.

Objective To investigate the immunohistochemical diagnosis of neuroendocrine differentiation in surgically resected NSCLC.Methods Tumors from 120 patients with NSCLC and 24 patients with SCLC were analyzed by SP immunohistochemical method with antibodies to neuron specific enolase (NSE),chromogranin A (CgA) and synaptophysin (SYN). The correlation of their expression with the histological type and tumor differentiation was investigated.Result The expression of three markers was in cytoplasm. Some expression of NSE and SYN were diffused distribution and others were local distribution. All expression of CgA was local distribution. The expression of NSE was detected in all NSCLC patients with CgA and SYN positive staining. The expression of SYN was found in all sections in which CgA was positive except 2 cases. The positive rate of three markers in NSCLC wes respectively: NSE 52.5%; CgA 9.2%; SYN 28.3%. The positive rate of three markers in SCLC was respectively: NSE 100%; CgA 33.3%; SYN 54.2%. The expression of three markers was no significantly related to sex,age of patients,the histological type and differentiation (p0.05).Conclusions The marker of NSE had higher sensitivity and lower speciality,however,CgA and SYN had higher speciality and lower sensitivity. So the use of three markers of CgA,SYN and NSE together might be recommended to diagnose the neuroendocrine differentiation of NSCLC.

目的炎症细胞的清除是哮喘治疗效果的关键。探讨地塞米松治疗是否以凋亡形式清除哮喘粘膜组织中的炎症细胞。方法采用卵蛋白诱导的豚鼠哮喘模型以地塞米松作治疗，用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶（ＴｄＴ）介导的脱氧三磷酸尿嘧啶（ｄＵＴＰ）末端标记（ＴＵＮＥＬ）法进行凋亡细胞的标记。以免疫组化标记活化的嗜酸性粒细胞蛋白（ＥＧ２）以及Ｔ淋巴细胞的ＣＤ＋３，ＣＤ＋４和ＣＤ＋８。对皮质激素组和对照组气道粘膜组织中的淋巴细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞及其它们的凋亡指数进行了比较研究。结果（１）皮质激素处理前、后嗜酸性粒细胞数量和淋巴细胞数量比较，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。（２）淋巴细胞凋亡指数（％）对照组为４．５６±０．８７，皮质激素组为５．９２±０．８３，两组比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）；嗜酸性粒细胞的凋亡指数两组间差异无显著性。（３）皮质激素处理后，ＥＧ２阳性的嗜酸性粒细胞所占比例明显减少（Ｐ＜０．０１）；皮质激素处理组的ＣＤ＋４与对照组比较，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）；而ＣＤ＋８则相反，皮质激素组与对照组比较差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论（１）皮质激素预处理可减少哮喘豚鼠气道粘膜中嗜酸性粒细胞的数量，其机制可能主要非因促进嗜酸性粒