BackgroundCodonopsis pilosula (Campanulaceae) is a traditional herbal plant that is widely used in China, and the drought stress during the seedling stage directly affects the quality, ultimately impacting its yield. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the drought resistance of C. pilosula seedlings remain unclear.MethodHerein, we conducted extensive comparative transcriptome and physiological studies on two distinct C. pilosula cultivar (G1 and W1) seedlings subjected to a 4-day drought treatment.ResultsOur findings revealed that cultivar G1 exhibited enhanced retention of proline and chlorophyll, alongside a marked elevation in peroxidase activity, coupled with diminished levels of malondialdehyde and reduced leaf relative electrolyte leakage compared with cultivar W1. This suggested that cultivar G1 had relatively higher protective enzyme activity and ROS quenching capacity. We discerned a total of 21,535 expressed genes and identified 4,192 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Our analysis revealed that 1,764 DEGs unique to G1 underwent thorough annotation and functional categorization utilizing diverse databases. Under drought conditions, the DEGs in G1 were predominantly linked to starch and sucrose metabolic pathways, plant hormone signaling, and glutathione metabolism. Notably, the drought-responsive genes in G1 were heavily implicated in hormonal modulation, such as ABA receptor3-like gene (PYL9), regulation by transcription factors (KAN4, BHLH80, ERF1B), and orchestration of drought-responsive gene expression. These results suggest that cultivar G1 possesses stronger stress tolerance and can better adapt to drought growing conditions. The congruence between qRT-PCR validation and RNA-seq data for 15 DEGs further substantiated our findings.ConclusionOur research provides novel insights into the physiological adaptations of C. pilosula to arid conditions and lays the groundwork for the development of new, drought-tolerant C. pilosula cultivars.

目的:探寻创造多年生膜荚黄芪优异种质的途径,筛选新品种选育的优异变异群体.方法:将其种子搭载"神舟十一号"和"长征七号",在太空分别历时33 d和22 h,统计分析SP2代2年生群体表型性状,用简单重复序列(SSR)分子标记技术对其遗传多样性进行分析.结果:33 d、22 h和对照(CK)群体表型性状的平均变异系数分别为29.37％、26.17％和26.10％,平均遗传多样性指数分别为1.27、1.22和1.24,在欧氏距离5处,33 d有5类群、22 h有6类群、CK有3类群.SSR标记的8对有效引物扩增显示,33 d、22 h和CK群体平均每对引物的多态信息值分别为0.320、0.427和0.333,遗传距离变幅分别为0～0.8959、0.0270～0.9435和0～0.8959,遗传相似系数分别为0.4000～1.0000、0.3846～0.9730和0.4000～1.0000,在遗传相似系数为0.68时,33 d和CK群体均归为4类群,22 h归为5类群.尽管表型和分子聚类结果有一定差异,但各群体均以株高、株幅、茎粗、复叶数、茎色和花色为主要类群性状.结论:以太空搭载膜荚黄芪种子为研究对象所建立的SP2代2年生群体后代遗传多样性丰富,是新品种选育的优异变异群体.

为了探寻有机肥对当归成药栽培的影响,采用黑膜覆盖栽培,基施纯有机肥(O,2000 kg·hm -2 )、纯化肥(C,磷酸二铵,420 kg·hm -2 )、减半量化肥增施有机肥[1/2（O+C）],以不施肥为对照（CK）,栽培期测定早期抽薹率、发病率、药材产量和性状指标。结果表明,纯有机肥栽培当归早期抽薹率为8.0%,分别较CK、1/2（O+C）和C降低19.4%、15.2%和7.1%。药材产量则相反,O、C和1/2（O+C）栽培当归药材产量相当,鲜产量分别较CK提高105.9%、84.6%和78.2%。纯有机肥栽培当归根最长,侧根最多,单根最重,药材产量最高。化肥对根的增粗作用最大,但含水量高,根病率高,发病重。不同施肥每hm~2鲜药材产量与综合评价指数大小顺序一致,依次为O（9220.6 kg,0.926）＞C（9038.5 kg,0.610）＞1/2（O+C）（8728.4 kg,0.481）＞CK（4897.4 kg,0.190）。每hm~2干药材产量排序为O（3149.2 kg）＞1/2（O+C）（3098.7 kg）＞C（2909.2 kg）＞CK（1707.0 kg）,与经济收益一致。在岷县道地产区黑膜覆盖栽培,纯施有机肥对当归药材具有显著增效作用,可有效降低早薹率、根病率和发病程度,改善药材性状,提高药材产量和质量,在当归标准化栽培中可推广应用,以改变当归依赖化肥的生产现状,促进绿色有机栽培。

党参是大宗药材,传统药用部位为根,地上部分研究较少,而地上部分含有多种化学成分,具有较高的利用价值,但其利用和研究仅处于初级阶段,合理有效的开发利用还未开展,造成了资源的严重浪费.党参地上部分综合开发能促进药用植物资源综合利用、延伸党参产业链、提高其经济价值和药农经济收入并推动地方药材支柱产业发展,因此,地上部分的综合利用研究具有重要意义.综述了党参地上部分(茎、叶、花)的现有研究和综合利用现状,对其化学成分、生物活性、在畜牧业和食品中的应用进行了综述,以期为党参地上部分综合利用和党参产业链的延伸提供参考.

生态栽培是中药材产业发展的必然趋势.党参种苗大小参差不齐,为了探明种苗大小对其成药特性的影响,将种苗分为大苗(BS)、中苗(MS)、小苗(SS)和特小苗(SLS),并进行全程有机肥栽培,系统比较各级种苗的成药产量特性.结果 表明,不同大小种苗返青后阶段性异速生长趋势明显,种苗越大返青越早,前期长势越强中后期减弱越明显,侧根数显著增加,根显著伸长,根含水量高,发病率越高;而种苗越小返青率越低,但返青株抗病性越强,成活率越高,前期长势弱但中后期加快.不同大小种苗的成药株个体和群体的产量差异并不显著,平均鲜药材产量MS组最高(8225.1 kg·hm-2),SS组次之(8125.0 kg·hm-2),较BS组分别提高23.4％和21.9％,较SLS组分别提高45.2％和43.4％;平均干药材产量SS组最高(2938.1 kg·hm-2),MS组次之(2681.1 kg·hm-2),较BS组分别提高37.8％和25.7％,较SLS组分别提高53.6％和40.1％.各级种苗成药根发病率差异性虽不显著,但发病程度差异性极显著,MS和BS的病情指数分别为4.66％和2.93％,均较SLS (1.32％)和SS (0.97％)极显著增大(P＜0.01).综评指数排序为SS (0.734)＞SLS (0.636)＞MS (0.409)＞BS (0.282).这说明有机栽培党参药材产出性能并不随种苗增大而提高,党参种苗可塑性强,在成药期建植策略不同,研究结果打破了对党参种苗选留的传统认知,建议生产上不盲目追求大苗,轻易淘汰特小苗,特小苗可适当增加移栽密度和生态防鸟虫提高返青率,大苗可适当降低移栽密度或搭架提高返青株成活率,有效提高党参的生态有机栽培成效.