实践教学是将知识、素质、能力和创新融为一体的综合训练,是培养学生掌握科学方法和提高动手能力的重要平台.为改革和完善动物医学专业的实践教学,本文构建了"认知实践、实验课、教学实习、科研实践、考取证书及参赛、生产实习、辅助实践"4年不断线的实践教学体系.实践证明,应用4年不断线的科技创新型实践教学体系,让学生在实践中感悟职业理念,练就职业技能,激发了学生的学习兴趣,提高了学生的动手能力,培养了学生的科技创新精神.

The model of nutritional obese mice was established by high-fat diet.After 4 weeks of oral administration,blood and liver were collected.The expression amount of PPAR-γ,AP-2 and LPL genes in liver of mice were analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR.Using growth rate of body mass,fat mass,TC and TG,and expression of PPAR-γ,AP-2 and LPL mRNA genes of liver in mice as indicators,weight reducing effect of hypoxanthine was observed.The results showed that after oral administration,treatment groups had different degrees of interference on body fat of mice.Fat mass was significantly decreased (P＜0.05),levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride of obese mice were reduced,and total cholesterol,LDL-C and LPS levels were also significantly improved(P＜0.05).It was shown that low-and middle-dose groups of hypoxanthine can significantly reduce the quality of fat in obese mice.

马肌红蛋白尿又称氮尿症,是由于机体内能量物质代谢紊乱,特别是糖代谢紊乱而引起的某些肌肉主要是腰、臀部肌肉肿胀、变性的代谢障碍性疾病.临床上急性病例以突然发生麻痹性运动障碍并伴有肌红蛋白随尿排出为特征,亚急性病例多为后肢跛行及呈犬坐状而无明显肌红蛋白尿,常被忽视或误诊而贻误病情,造成损失.本病虽然发病率低,但死亡率较高,可达50％以上,且多为5～ 10岁营养良好的青壮年重型役马患病,常给养马农户造成很大损失.

在西药治疗的基础上,通过辨证论治,采用不同的方剂治疗耕牛不同时期的肺脓肿病,以提高治疗的效果.方法:分阶段辨证治疗肺脓肿12例(治疗组),与苇茎汤加减治疗11例(对照组)对照.结果:两种治疗方案对耕牛肺脓肿有不同的治疗效果,治疗组的治疗效果远远高于对照组,治愈率83.33％,有效率91.67％,均极显著高于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:治疗耕牛肺脓肿病,初期宜疏风散热,清肺化痰;成痈期宜清肺解毒,化瘀排脓;溃脓期宜排脓解毒;恢复期宜益气养阴清肺.

目的:研究次黄嘌呤（hypoxanthine,Hx）对营养性肥胖小鼠抗肥胖作用的影响。方法:将ICR（Institute of Cancer Research）小鼠随机分成6组:空白组、模型组、阳性对照组（左旋肉碱100 mg/kg）和Hx干预组（30、60、90 mg/kg）,采用高脂饲料饲喂建立肥胖小鼠模型。口服给药4周后,处死小鼠,收集血液,离心。检测各组小鼠血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇、瘦素和脂联素的含量。制作脂肪组织石蜡切片,经苏木精-伊红（HE）染色颜色观察脂肪细胞的变化。取附睾脂肪经实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction,q RT-PCR）,观察小鼠体内肥胖基因（瘦素和脂联素基因）m RNA表达变化。结果:Hx干预组小鼠的脂肪质量显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）;总胆固醇含量水平均显著低于模型组（P＜0.05、P＜0.01）;Hx中、低剂量组和对照组的瘦素和脂联素m RNA表达量显著低于模型组（P＜0.05）。结论:Hx中、低剂量组有较好的抗肥胖作用,其中低剂量组的抗肥胖效果最好。小鼠脂肪细胞切片中脂肪组织形态学为小鼠肥胖造模提供进一步的研究依据。

Velvet antler for healthcare has a long history and wide application. Velvet has complex chemical composition and widely pharmacological activities. The chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of antler were reviewed in this paper. The chemical ingredients of velvet antler include inorganic elements, proteins, peptides, amino acids, lipids, polyamine compounds,vitamins,steroids,polysaccharides,nucleic acids,base components. Velvet antler has a certain effect on the reproductive system,immune system,cardiovascular system,antioxidant and anti-aging,anti-fatigue,anti tumor,nervous system,anti-stress,liver,tissue wound healing,osteoporosis,lose weight and lipid-lowering.

通过游泳试验建立小鼠疲劳模型,测定了鹿茸多肽对小鼠游泳时间、肝糖原、肌糖原、尿素氮(BUN)、乳酸(LA)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)等指标的影响.结果表明:鹿茸多肽可增加小鼠肝糖原和肌糖原的含量,显著降低代谢产物LA、MDA、BUN的水平,提高LDH、SOD、GSH-Px活性,加速自由基的清除,增强小鼠的抗氧化能力,提高小鼠的运动能力,起到抗疲劳作用.

The velvet antler fat soluble components were studied for industrialized extraction by usingsupercritical CO2 extraction technology. The optimum preparation process was verified through thedetermination of matrix proportion, dropping temperature, dropping speed, dripper aperture and oth-er factors of the preparations, and taking the pill weight variation, content and dispersing time,comprehensive score as index by orthogonal test. The dripping pill matrix PEG 10000 ∶ PEG8000 was 54 ∶ 6. The ratio of liquid medicine and matrix was 1 ∶ 3, the liquid temperature 60℃, coolant2-methyl silicone oil, drop speed 30 drops / min. The velvet antler supercritical CO2 extraction tech-nology and dripping pill preparation process was stable and feasible.