阐述高等职业护理专业设置本科和研究生层次教育的必要性,综述国内外高等护理职业教育现状,分析我国高等职业院校开办本科、研究生层次护理教育面临的问题,开办本科、研究生层次护理专业高等职业教育具体的策略.指出高等职业护理院校应积极争取发展本、研层次有利政策,制定合理的人才培养目标,活化招生途径及教学手段,加强师资队伍建设,以适应社会对高层级技能型人才的需要.

肝细胞癌(HCC)是常见的、致命的恶性肿瘤,在所有恶性肿瘤中,发病率居第5位,死亡率居第3位[1].亚洲、非洲和南部欧洲是其高发地区,其中中国HCC新发和死亡病例均占全球的50％以上[2].手术切除和肝移植是早期HCC两个主要的、有效的治疗手段.然而,大多数HCC患者确诊时已处于晚期,无法行手术治疗,则采用系统治疗,如化疗栓塞、靶向治疗、免疫治疗.

目的:对晚期癌症患者预感性悲伤评估量表汉化,并做信效度检验.方法:运用Brislin翻译方法,通过对原版量表进行的汉化,得出中文版预感性悲伤量表,然后经过预调查,修订之前的中文版量表,得到最终的汉化版预感性悲伤评估量表.最后将量表运用于对四川省3所不同的三级甲等医院的共400例晚期癌症患者进行问卷调查,检验其信效度.结果:汉化版预感性悲伤评估量表有26个条目;提取了7个公因子,累计贡献率为62.864％.各因子之间的相关系数是0.017～0.673;各条目与因子之间的相关系数是0.465～0.907;各因子与总量表的相关系数是0.042～0.930;问卷的内容效度指数(CVI)为0.916;汉化版PGAC量表与HADS量表总得分的Pearson相关系数为0.13,与HADS量表维度的Pearson相关系数为0.115、0.120;本量表Cronbach'sα 系数是0.919,各因子的Cronbach'sα 系数是0.533～0.926;中分半信度为0.842,各因子的分半信度在0.462～0.940之间.结论:汉化版PGAC量表有良好的信效度,适用于评估我国晚期癌症患者的预感性悲伤反应.

Objective:To conduct a survey on patients with advanced cancer by the Chinese version of The Preparatory Grief in Advanced Cancer Patients(PGAC) for patients with advanced cancer to investigate their grief reaction,and to reveal the influencing factors.Methods:A total of 388 patients with advanced cancer from 3 third Grade A hospitals in Sichuan province were investigated with the general information questionnaire and Chinese version of PGAC for patients with advanced cancer.The Single factor variance analysis and Pearson correlation analysis were used to analyze the related influencing factors of preparatory grief reaction of patients with advanced cancer.Results:The scores of the Chinese version of PGAC were statistically significant different among patients with different age,culture level,family economic level,personality,time of the diagnosis and the diagnosis(P＜0.05).There was a positive correlation between the scores of PGAC and personality,and there was a negative correlation between the age and the time of diagnosis(P＜0.05).Conclusions:Patients with advanced cancer had a varying degree of preparatory grief reaction,and it was related to the patient's age,personality,and time of diagnosis.

目的:调查晚期肿瘤病人家属预感性悲伤情况,并探讨影响因素,为晚期肿瘤病人家属的健康指导和心理干预提供参考.方法:使用自制的一般资料调查表和经汉化后的预感性悲伤量表(AGS)对391名晚期肿瘤病人家属进行调查并分析结果.结果:391例晚期肿瘤病人家属中文版AGS量表平均得分(79.39±14.38)分,得分最低为41分,得分最高为114分,得分最高的维度是"失去的感觉",为(20.325±3.394)分,得分最低的维度是"完成任务的能力",为(7.146±2.427)分.在性别、年龄、职业等11个项目,病人家属得分有明显差异(P<0.05),其中对患者病情治疗知晓情况、照顾原因、与患者关系及性别对量表得分有影响.结论:晚期肿瘤病人家属悲伤情绪明显,应针对性地对其开展心理干预和疏导,更好地改善其心理状态,维护其心理健康.

目的 了解护士对哀伤辅导的需求现状及影响因素,为组织和开展哀伤辅导教育培训提供参考.方法 采用方便抽样法,对447名护士进行哀伤辅导需求问卷调查.结果 护士哀伤辅导需求总分(168.46±26.90)分;丧亲经历、学历影响护士哀伤辅导需求(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).结论 护士对哀伤辅导培训需求较高,尤其是有丧亲经历及高学历的护士;应根据护士需求特点设置哀伤辅导内容,提高护士丧亲护理能力.

移动性医疗出现及普及后,患者能够便捷地查询及了解自己的病情,这对我国广为实行的保护性医疗模式带来不小的冲击和挑战.本文就此问题进行预测及分析,并提出具体的应对措施,以期减少患者知晓病情后产生的严重心理问题及由此带来的伤害.

目的 研究我国医疗暴力事件的规律及特点,从法律层面结合医学专业角度为减少医疗暴力事件提出建议与对策,以保障医务人员安全执业、维护医患双方和谐关系.方法 通对浏览法律网站,收集经法院上诉的医院场所暴力伤医案例,对典型案件进行统计和分析.结果 医暴事件多发生在县级医疗单位,以急诊科最常见;施暴者文化程度低,经济状况较差;在行为上多表现为谩骂、殴打医护人员,破坏医院财物等;法院判决医暴事件以寻衅滋事罪最多.结论 为有效防范我国医疗暴力类事件,需要加强医务人员职业道德、培养危险识别意识、增进全民医疗法治观念、健全医院暴力防护体制.

Objective To systematically review the effect of continuity care model on life quality of patients with breast cancer, so as to provide high quality evidence for formulating the care model of breast can-cer patients. Methods Databases including CNKI, VIP, WanFang Date, PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid, Embase, Google Scholar were searched electronically to collect literature published from inception to April, 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were indentified about the effect of continuity care model on life quality of patients with breast cancer. Ac-cording to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two reviewers independently screened literature, extracted data, and as-sessed quality. Then RevMan 5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. Results A total of 13 RCTs involving 1355 pa-tients were included. The results of meta-analysis suggested that continuity care can reduce the breast cancer patients' anxiety and depression (random effect model, WMD=-7.25, 95%CI=-8.46~-6.04, P<0.01), reduce the incidence of lymphedema (fixed effect model, RR=0.3, 95%CI=0.16~0.55, P<0.01), and improve the quality of life for the patients (random effect model, WMD=11.54,95%CI=6.93~16.15, P<0.01). Conclusion Continuity care can improve the psy-chological states, limb function and enhance the quality of life of patients with breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the cognition status of cancer pain in nurses from the Affiliated Hospi-tal of Luzhou Medical College so as to provide effective measures for management of cancer pain.Methods A total of 257 nurses were surveyed with a self-developed questionnaire addressing knowledge of cancer pain and attitude.Data analysis and comparison were conducted by SPSSl9.0 software.Results In terms of knowledge on cancer pain,the average score was (12.04±3.757),with a minimum score of 4 and maximum of 22.And 98.83%of nurses consid-ered trainings of knowledge on cancer pain necessary.There was statistically significant difference of the cognition sta-tus among nurses with different professional title (F=3.343,P<0.05),and the experienced nurses scored better than the junior ones.Pearson regression analysis indicated that age (r=0.204,P<0.05) and work experience (r=0.158,P<0.05) were positively correlated to the total score.Conclusion For better service for patients,multiple trainings of cancer pain management for nurses were recommended.