为延长临泽小枣鲜果市场供应期.以临泽小枣为试验材料,采用正交试验方法,在常温(20～25℃)条件下,研究不同浓度的氯化钙、植酸、柠檬酸复配保鲜剂组合以及壳聚糖涂膜处理对贮藏临泽小枣果实品质的影响.结果表明,采后用复配保鲜剂组合1％CaCl2+0.3％植酸+3％柠檬酸处理能有效减少临泽小枣烂果率,并延缓有机酸、TSS、Vc含量下降,为最佳复配保鲜剂组合;而用1％壳聚糖制成涂膜处理则具有更好的保鲜效果,能够显著降低烂果率,保持果实硬度,并延缓TSS和Vc含量下降.综合分析,使用1％壳聚糖制成涂膜处理对临泽小枣的保鲜效果最佳.

葡萄是常见的水果之一,其富含丰富的维生素以及人体生长所需要的各种元素,副产品如葡萄干、葡萄酒、葡萄醋等也受到了广大群众的喜爱.我国葡萄种植面积逐年增加,种类日益丰富,产量位居世界前列,葡萄产业对我国经济发展起到了积极的作用,贡献了强大的力量.基于此,课题组分析了中国北方设施葡萄产业发展的现状及存在的问题,并提出了加强葡萄优良品种的引进、建立健全农业合作组织、积极培育龙头企业、开拓国际市场、加强葡萄产业经济研究、加强信息化技术的研究与应用等对策建议,以助推北方葡萄产业更好地发展,实现葡萄产业助力乡村振兴,提升人民生活水平,促进我国农业经济发展.

葡萄是我国主要果树之一,随着设施栽培技术的推广应用,将设施栽培技术与葡萄栽培相结合逐渐成为葡萄产业发展的新亮点,通过人工创造适宜葡萄生长发育的优质条件,可以有效克服地域、气候等环境因素,实现葡萄产业的定向生产目标,并具有见效快、收益高等特点.基于此,课题组通过对中国北方设施葡萄现状的调查和分析,发现北方地区设施葡萄产业取得了较大发展,实现了从产量效益型向果实质量效益型的转变,但仍存在品种结构单一、苗木质量参差不齐、果品质量差、栽培技术缺乏标准化与规范化等问题.针对以上问题,课题组提出了加强设施专用葡萄品种选育、健全良种苗木繁育体系建设、提高设施栽培技术标准化与规范化水平、积极培育龙头企业、加强信息技术研究和应用等对策措施,以推动北方设施葡萄产业专业化、多元化、可持续发展.

硒元素作为所有生物生产生活不可或缺的一类微量元素,在人和动物的日常生活中有着非常重要的作用.而在日常的农业蔬菜种植和培育中,通过对硒元素的应用,可以很好地对我国土地贫硒问题带来的蔬菜产量较低、病虫害较多的问题进行改变.通过提高蔬菜自身的抵抗力,有效提高蔬菜的产量和质量,从而创造更多的经济价值.

Using tomato、carrot and garlic as materials,the yield and selenium,inorganic selenium and organic selenium contens were measured by praying different Na2SeO3on tomato,carrot and garlic leaves.The results showed that the organic selenium conversion rate reduced as the selenium mass concentration raises.When spray 100mg/L Na2SeO3 selenium on the tomato,carrot,garlic the organic selenium enrichment were 7.83times,8.53times,2.85times of the control respectively,tomato's selenium enrichment was the highest.But when spray 500mg/L Na2SeO3 selenium on garlic leaves,its organic selenium enrichment was 4.70times of the control,and under such condition the garlic had the highest ability of selenium enrichment.The yield of tomato and carrot could be raised when they were sprayed≤1.0mg/L Na2SeO3 times of the control and so did the garlic when it was sprayed≤10mg/L Na2SeO3,when the Na2SeO3mass concentration raises the yield and organic selenium content of the three vegetables would reduce.According to the experiment results,the yield of tomato and carrot could be raised if they were sprayed Na2SeO30.5~1.0mg/L and so did the garlic if the selenium mass concentration≤10mg/L.

如何定位实践技能教学在整个教学体系中的地位，合理安排实践技能教学与理论教学的比例，真正做到“理论指导实践，实践贯穿理论”，这在许多专业课程的教学体系构建中显得极为重要，尤其是在对实践技能教学中操作能力要求很强的专业课程的教学中显得更加突出。

日光温室栽培的葡萄可在4月中下旬至6月中下旬可陆续上市,比露地提前45～60天,不仅大大丰富了水果市场,而且季节差价大,经济效益高.生产实践证明在高水平管理条件下,第二年就可以丰产,能收回建园全部投资并有盈余①.我国西北地区日光温室葡萄栽培的环境条件及花果管理应注意以下问题:

以兰州百合的鳞茎增殖为基础,进行了离体微繁研究.鳞茎增殖的适宜激素组合为0.9mg/LBA+0.1～0.2mg/LNAA.培养基中总离子浓度和氮浓度过高或过低都会影响兰州百合增殖,3种基本培养基N6、MS、和1/2MS以N6增殖效果最好.适当提高糖浓度对鳞茎增殖有促进作用,在各处理中以蔗糖浓度为40g/L增殖倍数高.兰州百合的适宜生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.1mg/L,生根率达100%,生根苗移栽成活率达90%.

The tissue cultured plantlets of apple treated with 0.5 mmol /L ascorbic acid (ASA) was stressed by high temperature of 42℃. The changes of physiological index such as leakage of electrolyte, the content of MDA, the activities of antioxi-dant enzymes and the content of endogenous antioxidants were determined. The results showed that, when treated with ASA, the activities of antioxidant enzymes and the content of ASA were increased, the leakage of electrolyte, the content of MDA and the content of GSH were decreased. It is concluded that ASA treatment can enhance the thermotolerance of apple tissue cultured plantlets.

The flowering period frostbite is the main limiting factor to foreign plum development in Gansu province. Investigation and analysis of its causation showed that climate factor was the most important, but the other factor such as breed choice, location and management of orchard had also important affection. Meanwhile, the corresponding countermeasure was introduced in this article.

从甘肃省农科院引入摩里士,按照2 m×4 m株行距建园,采用细致的肥水管理,四季整形修剪,套袋、摘叶,综合病虫防治等优果技术,定植后4～6年每667 m2的平均产量达到了2 064 kg,一级果率达到92.7%.

我国西北、东北地区早春温度低,但光照充足,可充分利用日光温室栽培葡萄.日光温室葡萄的整形修剪及新梢管理技术与露地葡萄的不一样,生产中应注意以下几点: