课程思政建设是落实立德树人根本任务的战略举措,是全面提高人才培养质量的重要手段.高职院校《园艺植物种子生产》不仅是一门培养学生种子生产能力的课程,还应加强包含思想政治素养在内的综合素养的培育.通过对《园艺植物种子生产》课程概况介绍,从开展课程思政的重要意义、各教学项目和任务思政教学要点的挖掘融入及课程思政实施路径等方面探讨研究,以期让学生在获得知识和能力提升的过程中潜移默化地树立正确的人生观、价值观和世界观.

为探究半夏组培苗的生根条件与移栽技术,在半夏的组培生根阶段,分别添加不同配比的NAA(1-naphthlcetic acid)和IBA(indole-3-butyric acid)两种激素浓度进行诱导生根,比较生根苗平均生根数、平均根长、生根率和根质量,同时将半夏组培苗移栽于6种不同基质中,比较1周后移栽苗的成活率.结果显示,半夏小苗生根最为理想的NAA和IBA配比为0.5 mg/L和0.4 mg/L,蛭石与珍珠岩按1:1的比例配制的基质最为理想,既保湿又透气,最易于半夏组培苗的成活,同时幼苗生长健壮,为最佳基质.

为探讨不同光照条件对半夏组织培养的生产和有效成分积累的影响,使用不同颜色的滤光膜获得不同光质,共设置白膜、黄色膜、蓝色膜、红色膜、绿色膜5个处理.待半夏出苗后每5天对叶长、叶宽、株高进行一次测量.待倒苗后收取半夏块茎计算有效成分积累量.结果显示,黄色膜可以促进半夏块基质量的增长,而红色膜促进半夏珠芽的形成,促进半夏的繁殖;白色膜下,有效成分积累含量相较其他处理方式都较高.得出结论,黄色膜可促进半夏生长发育,红色膜可促进半夏株芽形成,且红色膜下繁殖系数最大,可使用红光提高半夏产量.

硒元素作为所有生物生产生活不可或缺的一类微量元素,在人和动物的日常生活中有着非常重要的作用.而在日常的农业蔬菜种植和培育中,通过对硒元素的应用,可以很好地对我国土地贫硒问题带来的蔬菜产量较低、病虫害较多的问题进行改变.通过提高蔬菜自身的抵抗力,有效提高蔬菜的产量和质量,从而创造更多的经济价值.

以黄花菜为试验材料,利用分光光度法筛选提取其类胡萝卜素的最佳条件.通过单因素试验,研究料液比、超声温度、超声时间、超声功率对提取类胡萝卜紊含量的影响,采用正交试验确定超声波法提取黄花菜中类胡萝卜紊的最佳提取工艺.结果 表明:以丙酮石油醚(1∶1)为提取溶剂,按料液比1∶20(g·mL-1),超声温度55℃,超声时间25 min,超声功率200 W进行超声提取,在445 nm波长下测定类胡萝卜素提取液的吸光光度值.此方法所得类胡萝卜素含量为62.16 mg·100g-1,重复性好.

Using tomato、carrot and garlic as materials,the yield and selenium,inorganic selenium and organic selenium contens were measured by praying different Na2SeO3on tomato,carrot and garlic leaves.The results showed that the organic selenium conversion rate reduced as the selenium mass concentration raises.When spray 100mg/L Na2SeO3 selenium on the tomato,carrot,garlic the organic selenium enrichment were 7.83times,8.53times,2.85times of the control respectively,tomato's selenium enrichment was the highest.But when spray 500mg/L Na2SeO3 selenium on garlic leaves,its organic selenium enrichment was 4.70times of the control,and under such condition the garlic had the highest ability of selenium enrichment.The yield of tomato and carrot could be raised when they were sprayed≤1.0mg/L Na2SeO3 times of the control and so did the garlic when it was sprayed≤10mg/L Na2SeO3,when the Na2SeO3mass concentration raises the yield and organic selenium content of the three vegetables would reduce.According to the experiment results,the yield of tomato and carrot could be raised if they were sprayed Na2SeO30.5~1.0mg/L and so did the garlic if the selenium mass concentration≤10mg/L.

200-day-old Sophora flavescens seedlings were transplanted into fields from greenhouse at different densities,including 2.50×105,1.25×105,0.83×105and 0.63×105 seedling·ha-1in March 2009,in order to explore effect of seedling density on growth of the plant.The experiment was randomly arranged with 4 treatments and each with 3 replicates(plot was 24 m2).Plants were measured in each month from June to October 2009,after transplanted.In total,dry mater of leaves,stems and roots increased with the decreasing of seedhing density.However,plants performed different in different months,in which some significant differences(P0.05) were found in leaf number,leaf fresh and leaf dry weight from July to October,leaf area,height,stem fresh weight,stem dry weight,root diameter,root fresh weight and root dry weight from August to October,and root length in August,among different treatments.Root weight of the density treatment of ≤1.25×105seedlings·ha-1(68.9 g) was significant higher than that of the density with 2.5×105 seedlings·ha-1(41.2 g)(P0.05).This study indicated that 1.25×105 seedlings·ha-1was the optimal density for the transplantation of S.flavescens.

The object of this study is to determine the effects of a various concentrations of water extract of Sophora flavescens roots on the germination of Cucumis sativus seeds and seedling growth.The results showed that the water extract depressed seed germination significantly.However,this function decreased as the culturing period increased.For the seedling,lower concentrations from 5 g/L to 50 g/L promoted the growth,such as increasing height,diameter of stems,leaf area,root volume,and seedling dry weight,while the treatment with higher concentrations from 75 g/L to 125 g/L limited the growth.

The growth dynamics of Sophora flavescens from different sources which were Chengde City,Hebei Province,Lushi County,Henan Province,Min County and Cheng County,Gansu Province,were studied.The results showed a similar growth dynamics of stem,leaves and root for different source germplasms.The highest number of leaf and leaf dry weight were observed in late August,and for the roots,it appeared in the late October.However,significant differences in terms of biomass among five source germplasms were observed.S.flavescens from Chengde City attained the lowest stem height but the highest root dry weight compared with the others.A relative higher leaf growth rate in the earlier stage and earlier defoliation in the late stage was also observed in Chengde City germplasm,which indicated its early-maturing characteristics.The germplasms from Gansu provience attained the highest plant height with plenty leaves,intermediate production,later defoliation which indicated its late-maturing characteritics.The germplasm from Lushi County,Henan Province attained the lowest production.

Sophora flavescent is Chinese traditional herb medicine as well as the main plants that are used in the production of biopesticides.However,very rare studies on its diseases and insects are available.This study researched the major species and dynamics occurrence of diseases and insects on potted S.flavescens and field cultivation plants in experimental stations of Lanzhou area,in order to cope with the risk of diseases and insects in the process of culturing the plant.The results found that two fungal diseases and one defoliating insect,in which disease incidence of powdery mildew(Oidium sp.) in field experiment on S.flavescens from Hebei was 6%~30%,and less than 2% from Henan,Min county and Cheng county of Gansu.While,94.4% potted plants from Min county were infected.The disease appeared in July,and peaked in middle September.Leaf spot(Phyllosticcta sophoricola) only found in field experiment,5%~34% plants infected.The disease mainly occurred in July.A moth,Uresiphita sp.attacked 92% plants with an average of 4.5 larvas on each plant.This harmful insect mainly consumed leaves during late August to early September.Fortunately,30% of their larvas were parasitized by Ichneumon generosus.

<正>苦参(Sophora flavescensAi)t为豆科槐属植物,是我国传统药用植物。苦参的根为常用中药材,有明显的抗菌、消炎、杀虫作用。除在医药上被广泛应用外,近年来又被广泛用于生物农药的开发,随着对苦参中提取的苦参碱应用研究的突破,苦参用量逐渐加大。但是苦参种子一般于10月中下旬成熟,

针对设施蔬菜病虫害种类多、危害时间长等特点,从合理轮作倒茬、选用抗病品种、嫁接育苗、合理密植、加强田间管理及设施管理等几个方面着手,预防和控制设施蔬菜病虫害,以达到减少农药的使用、提高蔬菜的品质、发展无公害蔬菜生产的目的。

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of temperatures and illumination on germination of Sophora flavescens seeds.The result showed that each of the imbibition rate,germination rate and germination index were different significantly(p0.01) at different temperatures.The imbibition rate and germination rate were very low when the temperature for germination was 10 ℃,then were faster when the temperature was 20 ℃,25 ℃,30 ℃ respectively.The mustiness rate was the highest when the temperature was 35 ℃,and the germination rate was decreased also.The optimal temperature for germination was 20 ℃ to 30 ℃.Dark more favored germination than light though the seeds could germinate at light condition.

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of potassium(K) on growth,total alkaloids concentration and total alkaloids yield of Sophora flavescens.The four levels of K applied were K2O 0(Control),15,60,240 mg /kg using potassium sulfate(K2O 50%) fertilizer in pot experiment.Statistical analysis showed that stem height,root fresh weight,root dry weight,chlorophyll(Chl) concentration,total alkaloids concentration and total alkaloids yield of Sophora flavescens were increased significantly with K applied.The root fresh weight was increased by 14%with 60 mg/kg K2O applied compared with the control.The root dry weight was increased by 8.6%with 60 mg/kg K2O applied compared with the control.Chl concentration,total alkaloids concentration were increased with K applied.Chl concentration was the highest with 60 mg/kg K applied,increased by 5.6% compared with the control.Total alkaloids concentration was the highest also with 60 mg/kg K2O applied,increased by 38.7% compared with the control.The total alkaloids yield per plant was the highest with 60 mg/kg K2O applied,increased by 50.5% compared with the control.It was considered that the positive effect of potassium on root dry weight was due to the positive effect on main root dry weight,and total alkaloids concentration was increased with K applied by improving Chl concentration.

利用塑料大棚进行番茄秋延后栽培能填补淡季蔬菜市场,获得较高经济效益。在栽培过程中要把握好品种选择、培育健壮无病苗、加强田间管理等关键技术环节。

采用称重、测量、解剖等方法,研究苦参种子的形态结构及吸水特性,TTC染色法测定种子生活力,选取来源于岷县和成县的苦参种子,经过沙擦处理和未处理研究其萌发过程和特性。结果表明,苦参种子的硬实率高达90%以上,经测定种子生活力为78%,种子存在吸水困难。未经处理的种子萌发速度缓慢,置23℃恒温条件下的种子吸水膨胀后第5天才有胚根露出种皮,15d完成萌发过程,且萌发率低。经过沙擦处理的种子,其吸水速度加快,种子的发芽率显著高于未处理的种子,说明坚硬的种皮是阻止种子吸水和萌发的主要因素之一。

The effect of nitrogen on growth,total alkaloids concentration and total alkaloids yield of Sophora flavescens was studied.Four levels of N(50,100,150,200 mg/kg) were applied using urea(N 46%) in a pot experiment.The control was no N.Plant height,root diameter,root dry weight,aerial dry weight,Chl concentration and total alkaloids concentration increased relative to the amount of N applied.The root dry weight was 26.7 g/plant at 150 mg/kg N applied,an increase of 42% compared with the control.Root dry weight/root fresh weight and root dry weight/total plant dry weight decreased with amount of N applied.Nitrogen application had significant positive effect on root diameter.The root diameter was highest at 150 mg/kg N applied,an increase of 21.1% compared with the control.The percentage of xylem diameter increased with N applied while the percentage of root bark depth decreased.Chl concentration and total alkaloids concentration increased with N applied.Chl concentration was highest at 100 mg/kg N applied,an increase of 33.8% compared with the control.Total alkaloids concentration(4.4%) was also highest at 100 mg/kg N applied,an increase of 35.7% compared with the control.Total alkaloids concentration increased by improving Chl concentration.The total alkaloids yield per plant(1.18 g/plant) was highest at 150 mg/kg N applied,an increase of 90.5% compared with the control.

This paper reviewed the importance of arrange for crops,disinfection before planting,controlling environment and prevention of disastrous weather in the greenhouse vegetable production to pay attention to most of the planter.It was favorable to producing non-pollution vegetable and improving production benefit in solar greenhouse.

研究不同处理方法对苦参种子萌发的影响。以苦参种子为试材,采用不同浓度赤霉素和过氧化氢溶液浸种、浓硫酸拌种和浸种、热水浸种和沙搓处理,测定其对种子吸胀率、硬实率、发芽势和发芽率的影响。结果表明:不同处理与对照相比较,98%浓硫酸拌种能显著促进苦参种子的萌发,其中浓硫酸拌种40 m in效果最好,发芽势和发芽率分别达到82%和88%,分别较对照提高167.4%,97%。

选择优良砧木,适期播种,采用配方调制营养土,培养优质健壮子叶苗。正确熟练嫁接,嫁接后加强苗期管理,采取综合措施,提高嫁接成活率。