Objective:To investigate the cause of an outbreak of foodborne disease in canteen.Methods:Information about onset time, clinical features and dining of suspected cases among employees and their family members on September 2, 2019 in scenic area A was collected. Laboratory indexes were detected in patients and food ingredients were qualitatively analyzed.Results:There were 29 cases identified with the incidence rate of 96.7% (29/30) among staff and their families in scenic area A. The clinical manifestations were mainly diarrhea (27 cases, 93.1%), vomiting (26 cases, 89.7%), nausea (20 cases, 69.0%) and abdominal pain (14 cases, 48.3%). Blood routine test results showed the increase of neutrophils percentage and white blood cells (15/19), abnormal urine routine(8/13), and increased liver function indexes (11/18). The fried green vegetables for lunch on September 2 were dangerous foods. The test result of one remaining sample of the cooking oil was tung oil.Conclusions:This is a foodborne outbreak caused by tung oil which is misused as cooking oil.

Objective: To evaluate the incidence intensity of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in 2018/2019 season in southern China by Moving Epidemic Method (MEM), and compare the intensity among provinces, so as to provide basis for optimizing the allocation of public health resources. Methods: The weekly incidence data of HFMD of children under 5 years old in 15 provinces of southern China from March 1, 2012 to February 28, 2019 were collected from Disease Surveillance Reporting System of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and the epidemic intensity threshold of each province in southern China during this period was calculated and evaluated by MEM. Results: In the first incidence peak of 2018/2019 HFMD season, in 15 provinces in the south China, 6 provinces (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Chongqing, Sichuan and Yunnan) reported very high incidence rates in children under 5 years old while Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan provinces had low incidence level. In the second incidence peak, the incidences in 6 provinces (Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Chongqing, Sichuan and Yunnan) reached very high levels. The incidences in remaining provinces also reached medium or high levels. In most provinces, the thresholds in the first incidence peak were higher than those in the second incidence peak, but Chongqing and Sichuan were different. The results of model validation showed that the sensitivity and specificity of MEM were higher than 70% except for Hainan, Chongqing and Yunnan. Conclusions: For southern provinces with two incidence peaks in HFMD season, MEM can be used to determine the epidemic intensity thresholds of different incidence peaks by dividing the disease season to analyze the incidence intensity of HFMD in different stages. The epidemic intensity threshold established by MEM integrates the historical data, and the province (city) with extremely high epidemic level identified represents that the province (city) has an abnormal increase compared with the historical incidence level, which requires more attention from all areas and timely implementation of prevention and control measures.

目的 了解三峡地区库区、非库区手足口病流行特征及其影响因素,识别重点防控问题,为制定手足口病防控策略提供依据.方法 利用《传染病报告信息管理系统》中报告的2009-2016年三峡地区手足口病监测数据,对库区、非库区监测数据进行描述性分析并进行比较.结果 2009-2016年三峡地区库区年均发病率为145.66/10万,报告重症比例为0.19％,报告病死率为0.045％;非库区年均发病率为78.42/10万,重症比例为0.28％,报告病死率为0.05％.库区发病率显著高于非库区,库区重症比例显著低于非库区(x2=28.732,P＜0.01).库区与非库区报告病死率差异无统计学意义(x2=0.876,P=0.349).库区重症病例以肠道病毒71型(EV71)(79.17％)占绝对优势,非库区重症由EV71 (47.37％)和其他肠道病毒(35.34％)共同主导;库区轻症病例以其他肠道病毒构成(37.83％)最高,非库区轻症病例也以EV71构成(41.19％)最高.结论 2009-2016年三峡库区手足口病报告发病率高于非库区,但库区重症比例低于非库区,库区与非库区重点发病人群均为3岁及以下儿童,库区和非库区手足口病病原构成存在差异.提示三峡地区手足口病防控应重点关注病原变化,采取EV71疫苗接种及综合性措施保护重点人群,降低总体发病率.

目的 了解北京市丰台区王佐镇老年居民糖尿病患病状况及其危险因素.方法 采用横断面调查方法,于2015年5-6月抽取王佐镇991名60岁及以上老年人,调查基本情况、生活方式及行为、既往患病史及食物频率,并检测体格指标及血压、血糖,计算患病率,采用非条件Logistic回归模型进行多因素分析.结果 王佐镇老年男性糖尿病患病率(10.6％)高于女性(7.1％),差异无统计学意义.单因素分析显示,食盐摄入过量对糖尿病患病有较大影响(x2=11.14,P＜0.001),中等强度体育锻炼者糖尿病患病率较低(2.9％).Logistic多因素分析显示,每日水果摄入少于200 g者易患糖尿病(OR=1.681,95％ CI1.039 ～2.719,P=0.034).结论 2015年北京市丰台区王佐镇老年居民糖尿病患病率较高,饮酒、吸烟、食盐摄入量、性别、年龄、肥胖、水果摄入是导致老年人患糖尿病的高风险因素.

Objective: To analyze the spatial and temporal distributions of bacillary dysentery in Chongqing, Yichang and Enshi (the Three Gorges Area) from 2005 to 2016, and provide evidence for the disease prevention and control. Methods: The incidence data of bacillary dysentery in the Three Gorges Area during this period were collected from National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System. The spatial-temporal scan statistic was conducted with software SaTScan 9.4 and bacillary dysentery clusters were visualized with software ArcGIS 10.3. Results: A total of 126 196 cases were reported in the Three Gorges Area during 2005-2016, with an average incidence rate of 29.67/100 000. The overall incidence was in a downward trend, with an average annual decline rate of 4.74%. Cases occurred all the year round but with an obvious seasonal increase between May and October. Among the reported cases, 44.71% (56 421/126 196) were children under 5-year-old, the cases in children outside child care settings accounted for 41.93% (52 918/126 196) of the total. The incidence rates in districts of Yuzhong, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Nanan, Yubei, Chengkou of Chongqing and districts of Xiling and Wujiagang of Yichang city of Hubei province were high, ranging from 60.20/100 000 to 114.81/100 000. Spatial-temporal scan statistic for the spatial and temporal distributions of bacillary dysentery during this period revealed that the temporal distribution was during May-October, and there were 12 class Ⅰ clusters, 35 class Ⅱ clusters, and 9 clusters without statistical significance in counties with high incidence. All the class Ⅰ clusters were in urban area of Chongqing (Yuzhong, Dadukou, Jiangbei, Shapingba, Jiulongpo, Nanan, Beibei, Yubei, Banan) and surrounding counties, and the class Ⅱ clusters transformed from concentrated distribution to scattered distribution. Conclusions: Temporal and spatial cluster of bacillary dysentery incidence existed in the three gorges area during 2005-2016. It is necessary to strengthen the bacillary dysentery prevention and control in urban areas of Chongqing and Yichang.

目的 了解我国三峡地区2014-2016年细菌性痢疾(菌痢)发病的时空分布特征,为影响因素分析和防控提供依据.方法 2014-2016年三峡地区菌痢报告病例数据和菌痢突发事件资料分别来源于“传染病报告信息管理系统”和“突发公共卫生事件报告管理系统”,采用GeoDa l.8.16.4软件进行全局和局部空间自相关分析,SaTScan 9.4软件进行时空扫描统计分析,利用ArcGIS 10.3实现结果三维可视化.结果 2014-2016年,三峡地区菌痢报告发病率依次为24.00/10万、22.14/10万和20.84/10万,呈下降趋势.仅重庆市城口县报告一起菌痢暴发疫情,罹患率为5.36％(70/1 305).全局空间自相关表明,三峡地区菌痢报告发病率整体上具有空间自相关性(Moran'sI依次为0.194、0.227和0.482,P=0.001);局部空间自相关显示,2014-2016年菌痢发病热点县(区)个数分别为2、5和8个;冷点县(区)范围变化不大,依次为6、6和8个.逐年时空扫描分析发现,一类聚集区的聚集时间为每年的5-10月,且位置较稳定,均覆盖重庆西南部的渝中、大渡口、江北、沙坪坝、九龙坡、南岸、北碚、渝北、巴南和长寿共10个县(区),此外2014年和2015年还包含璧山区,2016年包含合川区;2014-2016年依次有4、3和5个二类聚集区,持续存在的是重庆市东北部的城口县和宜昌市中部的西陵区和伍家岗区.结论 三峡地区菌痢报告发病率在县(区)水平上存在时空聚集性,重庆市主城区及其周边县(区)为高发聚集区,空间分析方法可以较好地应用于菌痢的时空聚集性分析,为菌痢防控提供参考依据.

目的 分析2015-2016年伤寒、副伤寒法定报告病例数，了解全国及高发省份流行病学特点和变化趋势，为防控措施和策略的制定提供依据。 方法 采用描述性流行病学方法对网络直报系统中2015-2016年伤寒、副伤寒报告病例数进行分析。 结果 2015-2016年全国共报告伤寒、副伤寒病例22 536例，死亡2例，年平均发病率为0.83/10万，较2014年的伤寒、副伤寒发病率下降18.63%。监测点共对14 465份血样标本进行培养，分离出菌株289株，阳性分离率为2.00%，伤寒与副伤寒之比为1.21：1。病例均以农民和民工为主，其次为散居儿童和在校学生，伤寒、副伤寒发病率均以0~4岁组儿童最高（分别为1.70/10万和0.80/10万）。贵州、云南、广西、广东、浙江、湖南和新疆为疫情高发省份，非监测点病例数上升。 结论 2015-2016年全国伤寒、副伤寒发病水平处于相对较低的状态，

EV71疫苗是我国有独立知识产权的疫苗,于2016年正式上市.其安全性和免疫原性非常好,保护率达到95％,通过监测发现5年的持续保护率仍达到85％以上,是预防手足口病非常经济的重要武器,值得向家长和社会大力推广.

Objective To analyze the current situation on infectious diarrhea other than cholera,dysentery,typhoid and paratyphoid (hereinafter referred to as Other Infectious Diarrheal Diseases) under the current monitoring program in China from 2014 to 2015,to provide evidence for developing strategies related to the control of these diseases.Methods All the reported infectious diarrhea cases and information on public health emergencies relevant to infectious diarrhea were collected from the "Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention".Analytic method was carried out to describe the etiological and epidemiological characteristics of all the infectious diarrhea cases.Results In 2014,a total of 867 545 infectious diarrhea cases were reported,with the incidence rate as 64.0/100 000.While in 2015,a total of 937 616 infectious diarrhea cases were reported,and the incidence rate was 68.8/100 000.Cases distributed in all provinces of the country,with incidence rates between 3.8/100 000 and 506.7/100 000.Cases involved in all the age groups,with 53.7％ (968 984/1 805 161) of the total reported cases below 5 years of age.Reported cases showed two peaks of incidence,in summer (from June to August) and winter (from November to next January).Laboratory-confirmed cases accounted for 9.5％ (82 285/867 545) of the total and 9.3％ (86 975/937 616) of the cases reported in 2014 and 2015 respectively.Among cases reported in the two years,viral infection accounted for 92.4％(76 045/82 285) and 91.0％ (79 176/86 975) while bacterial infection accounted for 7.4％ (6 062/82 285) and 8.8％ (7 614/86 975),respectively.Among the death cases,only three were laboratory confirmed,with two of them caused by rotavirus.Conclusions Children under 5 years old appeared both higher incidence and mortalities for infectious diarrhea.Most laboratory-confirmed cases were viral-born,with pathogenic spectrums varied in different provinces.Capabilities related to testing and case-reporting on infectious diarrheal diseases differed greatly among areas that called for urgent improvement.

Objective: Through analyzing the surveillance data on typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever in 2015 to understand the related epidemiological features and most possible clustering areas of high incidence. Methods: Individual data was collected from the passive surveillance program and analyzed by descriptive statistic method. Characteristics on seasonal, regional and distribution of the diseases were described. Spatial-temporal clustering characteristics were estimated, under the retrospective space-time method. Results: A total of 8 850 typhoid fever cases were reported from the surveillance system, with incidence rate as 0.65/100 000. The number of paratyphoid fever cases was 2 794, with incidence rate as 0.21/100 000. Both cases of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever occurred all year round, with high epidemic season from May to October. Most cases involved farmers (39.68%), children (15.89%) and students (12.01%). Children under 5 years showed the highest incidence rate. Retrospective space-time analysis for provinces with high incidence rates would include Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan and Guangdong, indicating the first and second class clusters were mainly distributed near the bordering adjacent districts and counties among the provinces. Conclusion: In 2015, the prevalence rates of typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever were low, however with regional high prevalence areas. Cross regional transmission existed among provinces with high incidence rates which might be responsible for the clusters to appear in these areas.

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by norovirus in China and provide evidence for the development of effective control measures.Methods A literature retrieval was conducted by using the database of "CNKI","Wan Fang","VIP" and others in China.The key words "norovirus","norwalk-like virus" and "outbreak","investigate" were used.Results A total of 52 papers about 72 norovirus infection outbreaks,involving 11 778 patients,were collected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Averagely 164 cases occurred in each outbreak and the average epidemic duration was 8.57 days.The first 3 provinces in reporting outbreak number were Guangdong (28,38.89％),Zhejiang (18,25.00％) and Guangxi (6,8.33％).The outbreaks occurred mainly in schools and kindergartens,accounting for 73.61％,including 25 in high schools,17 in kindergartens and primary schools and 11 in colleges,followed by old people home/medical institutions,accounting for 13.89％.The main transmission routes included water drinking (27,37.50％),close contact (24,33.33％),food eating (17,23.61％).The place and transmission route specific differences in the incidence were significant (x2 =48.899,P =0.000).Barrelled water drinking caused 48.15％ of the water borne outbreaks.Twenty four outbreaks were caused by genotype G Ⅱ,accounting for 72.73％,6 were caused by genotype G Ⅰ,accounting for 18.18％.Conclusion Norovirus outbreak was prone to occur in schools and kindergartens,to which close attention should be paid.It is suggested to strengthen the management of the place at high risk,improve water quality surveillance and increase the pathogen detection level.

Objective: To understand the characteristics and relation of clinical stage and outcome of severe cases on hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and to establish the evaluation method for understanding severity of this disease. Methods: According to factors as geographical location, economic and epidemic levels, five provinces (Henan, Shandong, Yunnan, Zhejiang and Sichuan provinces) were selected. Reported severe cases of HFMD from the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System were selected randomly in the five provinces. Basic epidemiological information, clinical data, and pathogen testing results in the involved hospitals were collected. Clinical stages on all the patients were decided in accordance with"the clinical expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment for severe case of enterovirus type 71 (EV71) infections (2011 edition)" . Data were analyzed using SPSS software 18.0 and other epidemiological methods. Results: A total of657 severe HFMD cases were investigated, with 326 cases positive of EV71, accounting for 91.3% (326/357) among all the laboratory-confirmed cases. Of the 657 cases, 542 cases (82.5%, 95%CI: 79.4%-85.3%) were diagnosed as in stage 2 (with nervous system involvement), 99 cases (15.1%, 95%CI: 12.4%-18.0%) in stage 3 (early phase of function failure on heart and lung), and 16 cases (2.4%, 95%CI: 1.4%-3.9%) were in stage 4 (function failure of heart and lung). 11 cases (1.7%, 95%CI: 0.9%-3.0%) were with squeal when discharged from hospital with 8 cases (1.2%, 95%CI: 0.6%-2.3%) died. When comparing the proportions among stage 2, stage 3 and stage 4, significant differences were found between age groups (χ(2)=22.632, P=0.012). The younger the patient was the lower the proportions of stage 2 and the more proportion of stage 3 appeared. When comparing the proportions of clinical stages among the five provinces, significant differences (χ(2)=41.481, P=0.000) were noticed. Proportions of different clinical stages in gender, ethnicity, occupation, place of residence types and the type of pathogen appeared no significant differences, respectively. However, the proportions of squeal and death in stage 2, stage 3 and stage 4 showed significant differences (sequela: χ(2)=12.960, P=0.001; Death: χ(2)=16.850, P=0.001), respectively. Conclusions: The percentage of clinical stages of severe HFMD patients related to the rate of squeal and death. Clinical staging can be used for assessing the clinical severity of complications and the effectiveness of treatment, of HFMD.

目的 了解本标准使用对象的基本情况、对标准的知晓率、存在的问题及修订建议.方法 于2016年10-12月选择6家臭氧发生器生产企业、27家疾病预防控制中心及卫生监督机构、57家医疗机构、14个使用家庭及个人为调查对象,采用问卷调查的方法,进行本标准知晓率及修订建议进行调查.结果 6家臭氧发生器生产企业对该标准的知晓率为100％;6家企业全部将本标准纳入企业质量管理体系中.27家疾病预防控制中心和卫生监督机构中,19家省级机构对标准知晓率为100％,8家地市级机构对标准知晓率为50％.53家医院中有44家医院使用臭氧发生器,使用率为83％;44家使用臭氧发生器医院对本标准的知晓率为38.6％.14个普通家庭及个人对标准的知晓率为0.

目的 了解德州市城乡供水一体化供水微生物污染状况.方法 以问卷方式调查该市15家城乡供水一体化供水单位基本情况、水源情况及水处理工艺,同时采集出厂水和末梢水共180份,按照《生活饮用水标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750-2006)检测微生物和消毒指标.结果 该市供水单位以水库水为主要水源,水质处理工艺根据水源情况合理配置,消毒方式以二氧化氯消毒为主.180份水质微生物指标合格率为98.3％,消毒指标合格率为93.3％.结论 该市城乡供水一体化供水微生物指标合格率较高,城乡供水一体化是解决农村地区饮用水微生物卫生安全的可行策略.

目的 综述三峡库区的乙脑流行趋势及变化特征;找出库区乙脑发生与影响因素之间的相关性,为三峡库区乙脑防控提供科学依据.方法 研究对1997年1月至2016年3月国内外发表的中英文文献进行检索,有关乙脑(三峡库区)流行病学分析、危险因素研究、中间宿主血清抗体或疫苗接种率内容纳入分析.结果 近年来三峡库区的乙脑发病水平不断降低,湖北段处于低位水平,但重庆段仍处于全国高位水平.病例中男性均多于女性,发病均集中在7～8月,均以15岁以下病例为主.对乙脑发病产生影响的是宿主、传播媒介、气候变量及社会因素之间复杂的相互作用;结论 建议库区采取的乙脑的防控策略是继续加强乙脑监测,控制蚊媒,改善环境,保证免疫人群的高接种率.

目的 分析2004-2014年重庆市流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)流行病学特征,初步了解三峡库区县和非三峡库区县乙脑的发病特征,为乙脑预防控制措施的制定提供参考依据.方法 收集“全国传染病信息报告系统”乙脑发病数据,采用描述流行病学方法,将重庆市分为三峡库区县和非三峡库区县,按2008年乙脑疫苗纳入计划免疫前后(2004-2008年、2009-2014年)分段进行乙脑发病特征的分析比较.结果 重庆市三峡库区县和非库区县乙脑年均发病率分别为0.82/10万和1.12/10万,病死率分别为3.25％和2.82％.11年间两地区发病率变化趋势相同,病例中男性均多于女性,发病均集中在7-8月,均以15岁以下病例为主(98.77％).库区县乙脑发病率从2004-2008年的1.34/10万降至2009-2014年的0.36/10万,非库区县的发病率从1.62/10万降至0.68/10万,库区县下降幅度明显大于非库区县(P＜0.01).疫苗常规接种前后非库区县的病死率分别为3.96％和0.45％,而库区县病死率分别为3.54％和2.36％.疫苗常规免疫后,0 ～ 14岁各年龄组发病率库区县除3岁和4岁年龄组外均低于0.05/10万,非库区县均低于0.10/10万.结论 重庆市三峡库区县与非库区县11年间乙脑发病趋势及季节分布与全国相近.2008年乙脑疫苗常规免疫后库区县0～14岁组发病率显著下降,提示三峡水库周边环境因素对乙脑发病未造成明显影响,库区县乙脑疫苗预防措施取得明显成效,但仍需加强易感人群保护及病例救治工作.

Objective Before the onset of the peak period, to analyze the changesin the epidemic characteristics and severity of hand, foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in China in January-March, 2013. To understand the changing trends and focal areas of the circulating strains and to provide support for the next prevention and control measures of HFMD. Methods We performed descriptive epidemiology, clinical severity and etiology analyses of HFMD cases, which were collected from National Diseases Surveillance, Reporting and Management System in January-March, 2013. Results There was a 4.9% decrease in the number of reported HFMD cases in January-March, 2013 as compared with the same period in 2012, and the severity indices(the number of severe cases, the proportion of severe cases, the number of deaths and the mortality rate)were all significantly lower than the levels over the same period in 2012(decreased by 47%, 45%, 16% and 11%, respectively). The number of HFMD cases decreased in most provinces, but the number of severe cases and(or)deaths increased significantly in Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing, Hunan and Anhui provinces, where the epidemic situations were relatively severe and needed to be focused on. The proportions of other enteroviruses gradually increased since the start of the second half of 2012, which fluctuated around 40%-50% and became the dominant strains in January-March, 2013; moreover, the proportions also increased in severe and death cases. Conclusions The increasing constituent ratios of other enteroviruses need to be paid more attention. And it is necessary to strengthen the isolation and identification of the viruses and accumulate the clinical features so as to deepen the understanding of HFMD and provide data support for further risk assessment and prevention and control work.

目的 了解轮状病毒在5岁以下门诊和住院腹泻儿童中的流行特征,探索建立轮状病毒腹泻经济负担的评价方法,为轮状病毒疫苗的使用和成本效益评价提供背景资料.方法 收集甘肃省2012年8月-2013年7月2个轮状病毒哨点医院门诊和住院的5岁以下腹泻就诊儿童的个案信息和粪便标本,进行轮状病毒腹泻流行特征分析,对所有标本统一使用酶联免疫吸附试验方法检测轮状病毒,资料采用SPSS 17.0进行数据分析.结果 共调查5岁以下腹泻就诊儿童734例,轮状病毒阳性率为41.69％,其中门诊病例的轮状病毒阳性率为30.99％,住院病例的轮状病毒阳性率为46.07％,门诊和住院轮状病毒腹泻儿童的发病年龄主要集中在2岁以下,分别占门诊和住院腹泻儿童的92.42％和97.92％,其中6月龄组的婴幼儿比例最高,分别占门诊和住院腹泻儿童的54.55％和55.42％,粪便性状主要以水样便为主,占85.80％,其次为稀便,占81.27％.5岁以下轮状病毒腹泻儿童人次均门诊直接医疗费用375.42元,人次均住院直接医疗费用2 053.91元,人次均门诊直接非医疗费用47.92元,人次均住院直接非医疗费用180.13元.人次均门诊间接费用270.45元,人次均住院间接费用721.20元.结论 2岁以下婴幼儿是轮状病毒腹泻的高发人群,针对轮状病毒腹泻对儿童健康造成的危害和经济负担,需采取措施控制轮状病毒腹泻的发病水平.

Objective To understand the epidemic pattern of bacillary dysentery and the serotypes as well as drug resistance of pathogens in China in 2012,and provide evidence for the prevention and control of the bacillary dysentery.Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on the surveillance data of bacillary dysentery collected from national disease reporting information system and national bacillary dysentery surveillance areas.Results In 2012,the morbidity of bacillary dysentery(15.29 /lakh) decreased by 13.22% compared with 2011.The morbidity in people aged 6 years and 65 years was higher than the national average level.The cases in age group 5 years accounted for32.99% of the total.The morbidity was highest in age group 1 year(215.02 /lakh),followed by age group 1 year(99.83/lakh).The incidence of bacillary dysentery had obvious seasonality and the case number began to increase in April and peaked during June-September.A total of 12 bacillary dysentery outbreaks were reported in 2012,in which 11 occurred in school,4 were waterborne outbreaks and 5 were foodborne outbreaks.Among 10 laboratory confirmed outbreaks,8 were caused by Shigella sonnei(D group).The data from the 20 surveillance areas showed that the major pathogens were Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei,accounting for 69.93% and 30.07% respectively.S.flexneri 2a was most frequently isolated.No Shigella dysenteriae and Shigella boydii were isolated.The distribution of pathogens varied by areas.Most Shigella strains isolated were drug resistant and the drug resistance of the strains varied by areas too.Conclusion The morbidity of bacillary dysentery in China continued to decline in 2012.but the morbidity in children aged 5 years,especially the infants less than 1 year old,was still high.Close attention should be paid to it.The prevention and control of bacillary dysentery still face serious challenge due to the development of pathogens' drug resistance and change of circulating strains.

目的 探讨平坝县伤寒、副伤寒流行特征及发病危险因素,为采取针对性干预措施提供依据.方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析平坝县2005-2008年伤寒副伤寒疫情特征,对暴发或聚集性病例采取现场回顾性病例对照调查,对村(居)民个人习惯和环境相关因素采用现况调查.结果 平坝县伤寒副伤寒全年均有病例报告,6-10月为发病高峰;发病以青壮年为主,学生和农民居多;甲型副伤寒沙门菌为流行优势菌型.暴发主要危险因素为饮用水被污染;病前2周喝生水(OR=6.42,x2=11.28,P＜0.01)聚集性甲型副伤寒病例的危险因素与每周喝水大于15次以上有统计学联系(OR=10.55,x2=4.71,P＜0.05);饭前偶尔或不洗手(OR=2.81,x2=3.92,P＜0.05)为散发病例的危险因素.现况调查农村饮用水存在安全隐患,蓄水池无消毒设施,改厕率低(9.11％),多数厕所粪便未无害化处理;城区餐饮店食品卫生合格率偏低,人群伤寒副伤寒防治知识知晓率为22.61％,66.56％喝生水.结论 平坝县伤寒副伤寒传染源广泛存在,应严格管理传染源,加强饮用水和食品卫生管理,针对个人卫生习惯和就医行为开展健康教育,才能有效控制伤寒副伤寒的流行或暴发.