高度危险作业(简称高危作业)是指对周围环境具有较高危险性的活动.根《民法通则》的规定,高危作业包括户外高空、高压、易燃、易爆、剧毒、放射性、高速运输工具等,这些作业都对周围环境有高度危险性.高危作业是在活动过程中产生高度危险性的,因此只有采取一定的安全方法进行活动,才能够有效控制活动中产生的危险,减少损害发生的概率.石油测井行业属于高风险行业,具有作业区域广、点多、频次高、战线长等特点,涉及民爆物品、放射性、吊装、运输、高压、高处等高风险作业.

含硫油气对集输管道有很强的腐蚀性,详细了解硫化氢在水存在的情况下,对于油气集输管道的内腐蚀机理,并从原理、技术特点和使用时的注意事项等方面,对比总结含硫油气集输管道常用的防止内腐蚀的方法,对于油气集输管道的安全管理具有一定的指导意义.

我国作为世界第三大冻土国,输油管道的建设应充分考虑冻土对管道造成的冻胀和融沉危害的影响,而大地温度场得研究就是其中非常重要的内容.广泛调研国内相关分析方法,总结各种方法的应用现状和发展方向,对于指导相关设计研究工作,具有一定的指导意义.

目前5700测井系统中的岩性密度仪器主要包括2228XA、2234XA等,文章主要针对2228EA+ 2228MA仪器的工作模式和电路等方面进行总结,并对典型故障进行分析解决.

With continuous development of domestic high sulfur gas fields,the safety evaluation work of these gas fields has obtained more and more attention from national and industrial sectors.As for the safety distance problem concerned by government and the public,existing safety evaluation technology only can conduct evaluation according to the standard and specification requirements,but can not combine characteristics of projects and the actual situations to scientifically and reasonably put forward relevant measures.This paper proposed the safety evaluation procedures and methods based on quantitative risk evaluation technology aiming at characteristics of high sulfur gas field development,and discussed the application in relation to the methods.

Based on the reservoir and hydrocarbon pool characteristics from Lower Ganchaigou Formation to the Upper Youshashan Formation of carbonate hydrocarbon pool in Nanyishan, comparing with lacustrine clasolite hydrocarbon pool, we found there are differences in source, reservoir, cap, source-reservoir-cap assemblage, trap type, type of oil and gas pools, and relation of all the above in Nanyishan lacustrine carbonate oil and gas pools as follows: (1)Nanshishan structure located in the hydrocarbon-generation kitchen, with numbers of source rocks, and hydrocarbon can be captured from the nearby area. The oil source came from Xiaoliangshan Sag, on the southwest of Nanyihshan. Crude oil in E3 2 in the deep was from the source rock in E3 2, while N2 was from N1. (2)Four hydrocarbon-bearing series in Nanyishan can be grouped into two types. One is a layered lithologic reservoir controlled by the structure in middle-shallow layer. Lithology of the reservoir is micrite limestone or dolomite, algal limestone or dolomite and grain limestone or dolomite. Intergranular pores and solution pores are storage space. The other was a condensate gas pool in the upper E32, taking marlstone or argillaceous dolomite as reservoir and pore-fissure as storage space. (3)The Nanyishan carbonate reservoir and mudstone formed source-reservoir-cap assemblage frequently interbedded in vertical. (4)Nanyishan pool in N2 2 had characteristics such as thin reservoir and low permeability. It had elastic drive and solution gas drive as main drive type. Layered lithologic reservoir is controlled by anticline structure. While gas layer of the middle deep condensate gas pool was concentrated in vertical and dominated by the structure and fracture in plane. The productivity capacity was quite different due to fissure storage space. (5)There are three main controlling factors on the formation of Nanyishan pool: Firstly, Nanshishan Structure located in the hydrocarbon-generation kitchen. Hydrocarbon can be captured in the nearby area. Secondly, the fracture and fracture system contributed to the translocating system. Finally, the lacustrine carbonate reservoir played aa key role in the formation of oil and gas pools. (6)Nanyishan structure developed slowly before Pliocene, and the development peak was in Early-Middle Pliocene, but then it stopped . The Lower Ganchaigou Formaion had hydrocarbon generation peak in Early-Middle Pliocene and it formed an authigenic reservoir. The Upper Ganchaigou Formation came into oil generation peak from late Pliocene to Quaternary, and along the northern and southern wing in the structure oil and gas migrated into N1, N2 1, N2 2 and the reservoirs formed finally.

Yingdong Oilfield was a mid-shallow sandstone reservoir with medium porosity and medium permeability,which was discovered and located in the west of Tarim Basin,it had long reservoir span,big accumulative thickness and multiple layers.The salinity of formation water was high and the lithology was relatively fine.The logging corresponding characteristics were complicated and changeable.It was relatively difficult to distinguish hydrocarbon zone from water zone.Based on the four characters of reservoir and in combination with oil-test data,the most of oil zones and gas zones were distinguished done in association with test data for oil and conventional logging curves were comprehensively used,especially new logging methods such as NMR,MDT pressure measurement were used for better distinction.The research result shows that the method is effectively used and better result is obtained in practice,it provides a basis for reservoir evaluation.

Based on the data of sections,cores,scanning electron microscope,mercury penetration and physical properties,the characteristics and controlling factors in Qie 6 block of Kunbei Oilfield in Qaidam Basin are systematically studied.The result shows that the clastic rocks are mainly arkose,lithic arkose and feldspathic litharenite with low compositional maturity and moderate-high textural maturity.The primary intergranular pores are the main reservoir spaces.The pore structure is characterized by high displacement pressure,small pore throat radius,poor connection and poor sorting.As low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir,it is mostly controlled by sedimentary microfacies and diagenesis such as compaction,cementation and dissolution,among which compaction dominates when the depth increases to some extent.

针对现有井下振动装置在应用上存在局限性的问题,结合现场工程实际,在系统调研的基础上,提出了新型强制复位井下低频水力振动装置的设计方案.装置工作时,在液压力作用下柱塞压缩弹簧下行,卸压孔、泄油孔依次打开,环空压力升高;泄流后弹簧推动柱塞上行复位,依次关闭泄流孔、卸压孔,环空压力降低;柱塞往复运动产生环空流体压力波动.新型振动装置具有良好的固井工况适应性,适应于常规固井工艺和特殊井况;可针对施工水泥浆密度、排量进行输出参数调控.PL003-03井的应用表明,全井段固井质量优良率达到84%.

Xanthan gum,a kind of natural jelly which secrets from microbe in culture medium,is a high-tech material in bioengineering and the best bio-gum in the world.In this article,the author firstly introduced that China is the main producer and consumer of xanthan gum in the world and its manufacturability and technology level is increasing continually.Then,the characteristics of xanthan gum were completely and intensively analyzed,that is,the tertiary structure of molecular composed with backbone chain and side chain,various functional group,high molecular weight with pentasaccharides and multifunctional.The application effect of xanthan gum in drilling,completion,profile control and the prophase of displacement in oil and gas well is significant.Its principle is also paid closed attention.Thus,the author drew conclusion that the strategic ally across industries is needed in re-innovation,the direction of evaluating basic research should be strengthened,supporting technology capacity should be enhanced and the field and scope of technology innovation should be expanded.

龙17井是中国石油天然气集团公司川庆钻探工程公司和中国石油西南油气田公司在九龙山构造的一口重要预探井,设计井深为5 850 m.为解决φ177.8 mm套管悬挂固井前钻井液漏失严重的难题,经固井专家对固井方案和工艺设计的研究,决定采用西南石油大学研制的具有高效抗污染和提高界面胶结质量的前置液体系.应用结果表明,前置液在改善界面胶结质量和保证有效层间封隔的效果明显,不仅能保证固井施工安全,而且还避免了因顶替效率低、界面胶结质量差导致的测井质量差和潜伏的环空油气水窜问题.

The Qiulitag anticline zone is the thrust front of the Kuqa thrust-and-fold belt along the southern piedmont of Tianshan Mountain. The data of surface geology, two-dimensional seismic reflection profiles and stereoscopic remote-sensing measurements were integrated and used to construct the balanced geologic cross sections and define the subsurface fault and fold geometry. These approaches provide insights into fold-and-thrust belts, where subsurface data are limited. The shape of the thrust faults underlying Qiulitag anticline was controlled by the architecture of the rift basin. The ramp height of the deep fault system was declined from three kilometers in the east regional cross section to one kilometer westward, where an imbricate fault was developed. A three-dimensional geometrical and kinematical model was constructed, and the deformational mechanism was analyzed. The different structures in eastern and western Qiulitag anticline zone resulted in the different types of traps, which controls the hydrocarbon accumulation in the Qiulitag anticlinge zone.

Sub-salt oil & gas structures are the main gas source for the project of "West-East Gas Transmission" engineering. The seismic exploration of sub-salt oil & gas structures faces some severe problems caused by big dip of the overlying formations, strong up and down of the surface, great variance of the formation physical characteristics and shielding effects of the thick gyps-salt beds. The problems include the signal/noise ratio low, the static correction troublesome, and the imaging locating difficult, etc. which influence the success rate of sub-salt oil & gas structure exploration directly. Aiming to the problems, the effective techniques for acquisition, processing and interpretation of seismic data have been developed, such as the fine, survey technique of surface structures, the layout design in line with local conditions, the matching technique of static correction, the effective pre-stack depth migration and the structure modeling technique, etc. Applications of the above-mentioned techniques have properly solved the problems for sub-salt oil & gas structure exploration and found several big or medium size sub-salt oil & gas structures in this area. The exploration ideas are useful to the similar areas.

The south margin of the Tianshan Mountains has undergone multiple phases of compressional deformation since the Oilgocene and Pleistocene. This deformation created the EW-striking Qiulitag anticline zone, 300 km long and 15 - 20 km wide, which is part of the Kuqa thrust-and-fold belt along the southern piedmont of the Tianshan Mountains. This paper presents a detailed description and analysis of a 3-D geometrical and kinematical model of the Qiulitag anticline zone. Over 3000 km-long 2-D seismic refection profiles, five exploratory wells and 1: 100000 scale geological mapping were used in the analysis. Two different thrust systems characterized by southward tectonic transport were found: an upper imbricate fault zone, which deforms Cenozoic strata with fault-propagation folds in the hanging wall, and a duplex structure of fault-bend-folds and fault ramps composed of Jurassic, Cretaceous and Paleogene rocks. The shallow folds of the Qiulitag anticline zone are tight and asymmetric, while the core of the Qiulitag anticline may be disharmonically folded at the level of Plaeogene shale and gypsum. The restoring balanced cross sections suggest that the minimum shortening of the deep fault system in the Qiulitag anticline zone is more than 10 km and decreases eastwards and westwards along its strike. The ramp height of the deep fault system is 3 km in the east regional cross section (where a sole thrust fault is developed) and declines westwards by 1 km to somewhere an imbricate fault is developed.

塔里木盆地塔中地区石炭系及部分奥陶系储层内赋存着形式不同的凝析气和油田伴生气,其甲烷碳同位素值很接近.根据腐泥型有机质生烃演化模式和天然气碳同位素的分馏原理,分析认为,凝析油气是在生油高峰之后形成的,因而凝析气的甲烷碳同位素值应比油田伴生气的甲烷碳同位素值重一些.而实际情况则是凝析气和油田伴生气甲烷碳同位素值几乎一致,且甲、乙烷碳同位素值的差值小,显然不符合正常的碳同位素分馏原理.用单一成因的观点难以解释这种现象.对此,根据天然气组分及碳同位素特征,结合天然气组成ln(C2/C3)与(δ13C2-δ13C3)关系图判识其成因,指出这种天然气主要是原油裂解气--深部地层古油藏的原油裂解后以气相运移方式进入石炭系及奥陶系储层.

本文提出一种可同时计算长波长和短波长折射静校正量的新方法.它根据共中心点道集的折射初至旅行时方程,求取地震剖面的长波长静校正量和折射层速度,然后从原初至旅行时中减去长波长延时,得到仅与短波长有关的剩余折射旅行时,再对剩余折射旅行时进行正交分解,求出各炮点和检波点的短波长静校正量.实际资料处理结果表明,本方法简便、收敛快、精度高.

如果把一个共中心点道集内折射层的速度近似为常数,顶面近似为平滑斜面,那么,折射旅行时与偏移距满足直线方程.直线的斜率为折射层速度的倒数,截距为共中心点的时间深度,据此提出了共中心点域折射波解释方法.模型试验表明,该方法简单、不需要约束条件、计算快速、解稳定、适应性强.运用该方法确定了我国西部某油气勘探区的近地表模型,较好地解决了该区的长波长静校正问题.

近地表低降速层厚度和速度的不规则变化,将引起地震波传播旅行时的不均匀静态延迟.一般高频延时会造成反射波同相轴错位,使其叠加后不能很好地聚焦;低频静态延时会导致地震剖面上的虚假构造.随着三维地震勘探在复杂近地表结构地区的不断开展,三维静校正便成了三维反射地震资料处理中的一项十分关键的重要工作.利用反射记录上的折射初至解决静校正问题是一条有效的途径.在共中心点域进行地震资料处理有许多优点,能大大减小初至拾取误差及地层倾角对反演结果的影响.笔者提出一种简单快速的三维共中心点折射静校正新方法,既能求出低频静校正量又能获得其高频分量.